Why is it written in agriculture like this: no nitrogen does not grow, no phosphorus is difficult to flower, no boron is difficult to set fruit, no potassium is not colored, and calcium deficiency cracks many fruits
1. No nitrogen, no growth
Nitrogen is a component of many important organic compounds in plants, which affects the metabolic process and growth and development of plants in many aspects, such as proteins, nucleic acids, chlorophyll, enzymes, vitamins, alkaloids and hormones. Among them, protein is the basic substance in the protoplasmic composition of plant cells, and it is also the basis of plant life activities. It can be said that without nitrogen, plants have no life!
Nitrogen is a component of chlorophyll and nucleic acids, and various biological enzymes in plants also contain nitrogen. Nitrogen is a component of the vitamin and energy system in plants, and its impact on plant growth and development is very obvious.
When nitrogen is sufficient, plants can synthesize more proteins, which promotes cell division and growth, so the leaf area of plants grows faster and can have more leaf area for photosynthesis.
The main function of nitrogen fertilizer is to provide leaf growth and promote the growth of branches, straws and stems. In general, nitrogen deficiency in plants is often manifested as slow growth, dwarf plants, thin and small leaves, and lack of green and yellow leaf color.
Second, it is difficult to grow flowers without phosphorus
Phosphorus is a constituent element that makes up many important compounds in plants. Nucleic acids, nuclear proteins, phospholipids, phytogens, and high-energy phosphoric compounds all contain phosphorus. Phosphorus is actively involved in various metabolisms in the body. Phosphorus can also improve plant stress resistance and adaptability to the external environment: improve plant resistance to drought, cold, pests and diseases, lodging resistance, and adaptability.
Phosphorus also exists in various enzymes such as dehydrogenase, flavinase, aminotransferase, etc., which are important catalysts in many metabolic processes in crops, which are conducive to the smooth progress of various metabolic effects. Phosphorus is a constituent element of important compounds in plants, the most important main component of nuclear proteins that make up the nucleus and protoplasm, and is necessary for normal cell division, energy metabolism and heredity.
It plays an extremely important role in the life processes of plant ontogeny, growth, reproduction, heredity, and variation. Phosphorus is a key element that determines the development of flower bud differentiation and pollen, and is an essential element for reproductive growth and vegetative growth.
When crops are deficient in phosphorus, it is manifested as stunted growth, reduced yield, reduced flower bud differentiation, fewer flower buds, and more "fake flowers", which seriously affects the number and yield of fruits.
Phosphorus actively participates in various metabolisms in the body: it participates in carbohydrate metabolism, promotes nitrogen metabolism, and is closely related to fat metabolism;
3. No potassium and no color
Potassium is the main nutrient for plants, and it is also one of the three elements in the soil that often affects crop yield due to insufficient supply. Crops contain similar potassium and nitrogen but higher than phosphorus. And in many high-yielding crops, potassium exceeds nitrogen.
Unlike nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium is not a component of organic compounds in plants. The main functions of potassium are to participate in plant metabolism, such as promoting photosynthesis and the transfer of photosynthesis products, regulating ion and water balance, promoting protein metabolism, enhancing plant stress resistance, regulating enzymes and stomata in plants, and promoting protein synthesis and transportation.
Potassium makes the protein produced by photosynthesis stored and transported to fruits and seeds, and participates in the transportation of photosynthetic products.
Potassium contributes to the stress resistance of crops: One of the important physiological roles of potassium is to enhance the regulatory role of cells in environmental conditions. Potassium can enhance the plant's tolerance to various adverse conditions, such as drought, low temperature, salt content, pest and disease damage, lodging, etc.
The most common symptom of potassium deficiency in plants is burn-like along the leaf margins, starting with the lower old leaves and gradually expanding to the upper leaves. Potassium-deficient plants grow slowly and have poor root development. The stems are fragile and often lodging. The seeds and fruits are small and wrinkled. The plant is less resistant to diseases.
Fourth, it is difficult to set fruit without boron
Promote pollen formation: boron promotes pollen formation and pollen tube germination in plants, reduces wheat flowers but not fruits, cotton buds without flowers and pollen deformities, etc., and avoids flowers and buds that are easy to fall off, abnormal fertilization, and incomplete fruit seeds.
Boron promotes cell elongation and cell division, and is the most important element for the growth and development of plant reproductive organs, which can directly promote the formation of reproductive organs, promote the elongation of pollen tubes, and directly affect the pollination and fertilization of flowers.
Promote cell elongation and tissue differentiation: boron can promote crop cell elongation and cell division in plants, which is conducive to the growth and elongation of crop roots, and avoids growth point necrosis, leaf deformity, thickening, corkification of peel, beetroot heart rot and other phenomena.
Promote carbohydrate transport and protein metabolism: boron participates in the transport and metabolism of carbohydrates in crops, increases the sugar content of crop fruits, improves fruit setting rate, and avoids phenomena such as stunted fruit development, deformity, and fruit drop.
Severe boron deficiency in crops affects the normal growth of crop leaves, flowers, fruits and stems, and the formation of its reproductive organs will be affected. The market in many places has verified that the crop is deficient in boron, and the fruit setting rate is seriously low, and if the instant boron is sprayed before flowering, the fruit set is significantly improved.
Fifth, there are many black spots of calcium deficiency cracked fruit
Calcium is an essential nutrient element for plant growth, has a variety of physiological functions, as the second messenger in the cell, participates in a variety of physiological processes of crop growth and metabolism, plays an important role in maintaining the normal life activities of cells, and affects the growth and development of crops and the formation of fruit quality from many aspects.
Calcium is not easy to transfer in the plant, when calcium is deficient, the young leaves first show the symptoms of dehydration and yellowing, and then dry up and turn brown; the fruit lesions are produced on the fruit surface, which is water-stained dark green at the beginning, and gradually develops into dark green or gray-white depressions, and the spots are browned and do not rot after maturity, which is what farmers often call the umbilical rot.
Calcium has a variety of physiological functions in crops, which can stabilize cell membranes and cell walls, and promote cell and root growth.
Symptoms of plant calcium deficiency: apical buds, side buds, root tips and other meristems are perishable and die, leaf tips are hook-like and adhere to each other, dry heartburn, tendon rot, umbilical rot, etc.
Calcium deficiency will stunt growth, fruits are easy to crack, thin skin, not resistant to storage, apples are prone to black spot disease, bitter pox, tomatoes, peppers, watermelons and other pedicle rot or umbilical rot, pears appear black heart disease, etc.
Calcium deficiency causes the cell wall of apple to disintegrate, the cell wall and mestial colloidal layer to soften, and then the cell ruptures and causes bitter pox and heart rot, and calcium deficiency reduces the hardness of the cell wall, thereby reducing the resistance of the cell to fungal infection, resulting in fruit cracking.
Therefore, in the middle and late stages of fruit expansion, or before bagging, sugar alcohol calcium fertilizer will be carefully sprayed for foliar spray supplementation. Generally, the fruits supplemented with calcium fertilizer are sprayed on the foliar surface, and there are few cracked fruits, soft fruits, and diseased fruits.