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Text/Chenchen doesn't like to eat tofu c
Editor/Chenchen doesn't like to eat tofu c
The statements in this article are based on reliable sources of information and are detailed at the end of the article
Preface
The Arctic winters are very cold, the minimum temperature can reach about minus 40 degrees, and the temperature is below zero all year round, covered with ice and snow, resulting in a thick and hard ice here, so why is it as fragile as "paper paste" in front of icebreakers?
More than two meters of ice, in front of the icebreaker looks vulnerable, icebreaker in the transport ship shipping has a vital position, its main role is to open up the channel for other ships, in the Arctic Henan and other cold areas, icebreakers are indispensable.
Former Soviet icebreakers
Unlike icebreakers, which are impassable on thick ice, icebreakers are usually equipped with large thrusters and stabilizers that allow them to navigate flexibly on the ice, which also allows them to cope with many unexpected situations.
The world's most powerful icebreaker was the former Soviet Union's Arctic icebreaker, with a length of 134 meters, a width of 30 meters, and a displacement of 23,000 tons.
The "most terrifying" thing about it is that it is equipped with a nuclear propulsion system, and even in the North Pole at minus 50 degrees, when the average icebreaker is still overwhelmed by the 1.5-meter thick ice, the Arctic can already fly freely on the ice at 2.5-3 meters.
How to do icebreaking
Therefore, the Arctic is also the world's first ship to reach the Arctic, the structure of the icebreaker adopts the design of vertical and horizontal length, which looks like a big pendulum, facing the average thickness of ice, the icebreaker does not need other operations at all, and can be directly hard steel.
When it can't hit the ice surface, it will adopt ice-breaking tactics, such as through the continuous impact of the ice-breaking hair, through its own weight to quickly crush the ice, this principle and we usually use a hammer to hit the horizontal surface of the ice cube does not react, but if it launches a fierce attack from its vertical surface, then the ice can be broken instantly.
But if the icebreaker is hard to row up to when the ice is ridiculously thick, it will use a more powerful charged impact, at which point the boat will retreat some distance, and then slam into the ice with full power, and this operation will be repeated several times, and the icebreaker will continue to push forward, and a new course can be opened.
In fact, there are still many differences between icebreakers and our common ships, first of all, the structure of icebreakers is different from ordinary ships.
The structure of these two ships is different, it is short and wide, such a hull design is easier to break the ice, and a first-arrived icebreaker has 37,000 tons, which is like a "muscular hunk" compared to traditional ships.
Moreover, the bow of the icebreaker is made of at least 5 cm thick steel plates, and its interior is supported by many dense steel components.
The bottom of the icebreaker is flat and strong, such a design copes with the enormous pressure of the ice, and, in order to work better, the bottom of the hull is also reinforced to increase the strength of the hull and better stability.
This allows the hull to disperse the pressure of the ice on the vessel, reducing the impact on the hull, thereby increasing the capacity of the icebreaker, and it also plays a crucial role in the shape of the ship's side, which refers to the curvilinear shape of the hull side.
The sides of icebreakers are basically designed to be beveled or grooved, which can transfer the weight of the hull to the ice, forming a downward push force, so as to effectively break the ice and separate the ice to open up a channel on both sides.
Its principle is to use the gravity of the hull and the rolling of the track to break the ice, and at the same time can also adjust the buoyancy of the hull, so that the ship moves back and forth on the ice, when the icebreaker enters the ice area, the pressure of the hull on the ice begins to increase, and at the same time the hull moves forward, the crawler will also move with it, further increasing the impact force on the ice.
In addition to this, the friction between the hull and the ice is also a key issue, and the icebreaker's tracks are equipped with sharp spikes, which play their role when the tracks roll, which can penetrate the ice and increase the friction between the ice and the icebreaker, making it easier for the icebreaker to propulsion.
History of icebreaker modifications
The emergence of icebreakers can be said to be an important part of human navigation and exploration, with which people can explore extremely cold places. The world's first icebreaker was designed and built by the Russians in 1864, called the "Pylot", which was specially designed to easily cross thin ice, and provided strong support for Russian scientific research in the Arctic at that time.
It is not just an icebreaker, but also a symbol of the times, and it contains many behind it, one of which is to represent the spirit of human exploration of unknown areas and the great potential of scientific and technological development.
The ship was not flawless, it mainly relied on the hull to break the ice, and the bow was shaped like an axe, a structure that often got bogged down in the face of thicker ice, as the bow could easily get stuck in the ice.
With the development and progress of science and technology, engineers continue to modify the icebreaker, overcome the previous difficulties, update the structure of the hull, and a new icebreaking method has emerged, that is, to use the weight of the hull to crush the ice surface.
In order to accommodate this approach, the bow is designed to have a certain arc, so that when it hits the ice, the bow will lift up to crush the ice, and as soon as the problem of stuck bow is solved, new problems will follow.
In the 50s of the last century, with the expansion of the use of icebreakers, the Soviet Union planned to pass through the Arctic Circle route, and put forward a new idea, that is, it hoped to build a ship that could both break ice and transport cargo, and when these ships were loaded, it was found that the bow draft was too deep to look up, which created new challenges for the design and use of icebreakers.
Therefore, after careful consideration by the designers, a solution was provided to move the curved part of the bow upwards so that the icebreaking operation could be carried out.
But when the new ship was launched, they found that the Arctic route was a wide area of ice, and the ship was not only fuel-guzzling but also slow to traverse these areas, so they remodeled it and decided to add a nuclear fission reactor to the ship, which would solve the problem well.
In order not to lag behind Russia, the United States followed in the footsteps of others and began to study icebreaker technology, their purpose is simple and rude, that is, to deploy their own troops in the Arctic Ocean to deter other countries.
Chinese "Snow Dragon".
Of course, the mainland is different from them, and the mainland's Xuelong icebreaker was born for scientific research, which is not only a major proof that the mainland has broken through the foreign technological blockade, but also fills the gap in this regard.
It is able to break the ice for a long time in the 1.5-meter-thick ice, and the icebreaking technology allows human beings to break through the limitations of the natural environment again, and I believe that with the development of technology, human beings can complete a lot of exploration.
Looking at the ranks of icebreakers in the world, the top five are all icebreakers from Russia, and the mainland's "Snow Dragon" is also among the top ten in the world, although the mainland started late in this technology, but the development is quite good, I believe that in the future, the mainland's technical personnel, can create better and more beneficial new products for mankind!
Reference Sources:
Exploring the "Snow Dragon 2" Polar Expedition Icebreaker Designed for Polar Expedition Hiding the Mystery of Icebreaking at the Bottom of the Ship _CCTV Official Website-CCTV-13_CCTV(cctv.com)