In recent years, in order to catch up with and surpass Western countries, China has been concentrating on research in science and technology and medical care, and after years of hard work, China has occupied a place in the world. Our lives are getting better and better, but in terms of chronic diseases, China seems to be catching up, coronary heart disease was a high incidence in Western countries, and the Chinese people seem to be not to be outdone in "catching up".
1. Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease, known as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, is an ischemic heart disease caused by narrowing or blockage of the lumen of the coronary arteries, which mostly occurs in men over 40 years old. Since 2013, the prevalence of coronary heart disease has become more and more obvious, and the prevalence rate has now reached three to four times the original rate, and the mortality rate is also increasing year by year.
Coronary arteries are important blood vessels that directly supply blood to the heart, and a large amount of lipids in the blood will accumulate in the artery wall to form arterial plaque, resulting in coronary artery narrowing or blockage, affecting blood and oxygen supply, and causing coronary heart disease.
The causes of coronary heart disease are divided into controllable and uncontrollable, the controllability is mainly external factors such as blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipids, obesity, mood, etc., and it is impossible to control the age and genetic factors.
Lipids and other substances in the coronary arteries accumulate and deposit on the arterial wall, which is easy to form arterial plaque, and with the enlargement of arterial plaque, it will cause the arterial lumen to become narrow or blocked, affecting the blood and oxygen supply to the heart, and the whole process is called atherosclerosis.
All cardiovascular diseases are related to atherosclerosis, arterial plaque is the formation of vascular plaque in this process, once the plaque falls off, it will flow with the blood flow in the blood vessels until it encounters a smaller vascular lumen than the plaque will stop functioning, then vascular embolism will occur, and natural myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction will come like this. The more common symptom of coronary heart disease is angina, which progresses over time and eventually leads to heart failure.
2. Risk factors for coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is generally acquired, and the impact of diet on blood vessels is obvious, and the following factors are the risk causes of coronary heart disease:
1. Blood sugar. Diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease than non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients have abnormal lipid metabolism, hyperlipidemia, and high blood sugar will make substances peroxidized, increase the lipid content in the blood, excessive lipids will be deposited in the inner wall of blood vessels, promote the formation of vascular plaque, the risk of disease is very high, it is important to control blood sugar in the normal range.
2. Blood pressure. If the blood pressure rises, the impact of blood on the coronary artery wall will increase, causing damage to the wall of the tube, and platelets and lipids in the plasma are easy to accumulate and be deposited on the wall of the tube, so as to circulate and accelerate the formation of plaque. People with high blood pressure should pay special attention to blood pressure control.
3. Blood lipids. There are certainly lipid substances in the blood, but excess blood lipids are the main cause of vascular plaque formation, and blood lipid control is particularly crucial.
4. Obesity. Obese people have more cholesterol and triglycerides in their blood than normal people, and the prevalence will be greater than that of ordinary people.
5. Smoking. Smoking not only damages the endothelium of blood vessels, but also causes blood vessels to constrict and accelerate the formation of blood clots, so the prevalence is higher in men than in women.
The above five conditions are relatively common risk factors, and they are also the conditions that many people are prone to, how to prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease, you can start from these five aspects.
3. Three gold standards for diagnosing coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is a type of cardiovascular disease, and many heart diseases have similar characteristics, and the diagnosis of each disease is different, and the three gold standards are of great significance for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease:
1. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) This examination can delete a series of soft tissues, only look at the specific image of the coronary artery, the doctor can clearly see the situation of the coronary artery through this technology, which is convenient to make judgments, but the operation time is long, the requirements for doctors are high, the cost is also high, it is invasive and accurate.
2. Angiosis CT (CTA): This is a non-invasive examination with a relatively high diagnostic rate. The doctor will start by inserting an infusion tube into the patient's hand, and then push the contrast agent through the infusion tube, and finally the contrast agent will enter the coronary arteries with the bloodstream, so that the heart and coronary arteries can be clearly seen to determine the stenosis. If there is calcification in the blood vessels, it can affect the doctor's judgment.
3. Coronary angiography (CAG) This is an invasive technique that is not routinely selected, which can be examined and treated, mainly to find the origin site of myocardial infarction and angina, and can also be used as a preoperative examination for bypass surgery and stent surgery. Although it is the gold standard for the examination of coronary heart disease, it cannot be judged by one alone, and it needs to be comprehensively analyzed in combination with the actual clinical manifestations.
4. Prevention of coronary heart disease and its complications
The prevention of coronary heart disease can start with the risk factors mentioned above, prevent hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, control weight to avoid obesity, quit smoking and alcohol, and control these external factors, which can effectively reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Once you have coronary heart disease, you are prone to two complications: heart failure and myocardial infarction.
When you have sudden chest pain, and it is not relieved, you must think of the danger of acute myocardial infarction, at this time you should immediately go to the hospital, acute myocardial infarction is very rapid, in the shortest time, dredge the blood vessels, re-establish blood circulation supply, so as to avoid myocardial necrosis leading to serious consequences, this is a "revascularization" technology, can effectively save the patient's life.
Heart failure is the most common complication of coronary heart disease, and over time, coronary heart disease will worsen, which will eventually affect the heart's pumping function, resulting in dyspnea, edema, etc., and the heart will gradually pump abnormally, and the heart will fail.
To inhibit the progression of coronary heart disease to heart failure, you can take some western medicines:
1. Antihypertensive drugs of pril or sartan. Such drugs can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and the rate of thickening of the ventricular wall, and are significantly helpful in reducing abnormal pumping function, such as enalapril and irbesartan.
2. The main effect of B-receptor blocking drugs is to block the transmission of nerve stimulation, reduce the heart's demand for oxygen, and then relieve the symptoms of angina, such as drugs such as metoprolol and bisoprolol.
3. Statin lipid-lowering drugs. These drugs mainly reduce the amount of cholesterol in the blood, and lowering the blood lipid level can effectively reduce the risk of complications, such as atorvastatin.
summary
In summary, although coronary heart disease does not directly lead to death, its complications can directly cause death. Heart failure and myocardial infarction are common secondary diseases of coronary heart disease, and patients with pril or sartan antihypertensive drugs, B-blockers, and statin lipid-lowering drugs can be used to delay the progression of the disease.
Another complication is acute myocardial infarction, and once the attack occurs, the "revascularization" technique should be performed as soon as possible to rebuild the blood vessels and establish new blood circulation.
Once you have coronary heart disease, it is necessary to prevent heart failure and myocardial infarction, so that the symptoms can be relieved in time and lives can be saved. In addition, it is necessary to control blood sugar, blood pressure and blood lipids, quit smoking and alcohol, and take all aspects of preventive health care.