Preface
In today's rapid development of informatization and the supremacy of traffic, both children and the elderly can obtain all kinds of information and so-called knowledge from smart devices all the time, which greatly facilitates people's lives.
However, with the emergence of various rumors and fabricated content, the network society has become diverse, and everyone has to exercise a pair of "sharp eyes" while accepting these messages.
However, looking ahead and looking backward will always be difficult to prevent, and it is inevitable that there will be gaps. When you watch small videos and articles, you should often see some content that takes stock of ancient famous generals, and always uses "100 people to behead" to describe their bravery.
At first glance, it seems that there is no problem, but if you understand the origin of "100 people beheaded", you should not think so, this description not only exposes ignorance, but also hurts national feelings.
Nanjing!
"My home, ...... on the Songhua River in Northeast China" In 1931, along with the painful ballad, the three northeastern provinces fell into the hands of the enemy without many twists and turns because of Zhang Xueliang's policy of non-resistance, and became "Manchuria".
In 1937, after the Lugou Bridge Incident, ......Chinese, who were unwilling to back down, began a national mobilization and set off the prelude to the national war of resistance.
At that time, the Japanese invaders had a very arrogant saying: "Destroy China in three months." ”
On the frontal battlefield, Chiang Kai-shek was originally forced to make a joint commitment to resist Japan because of the Xi'an Incident, and he was reluctant, but when he heard the words of the Japanese, his heart couldn't help but become angry, and he began to order the Kuomintang army to fight actively.
Soon after the 77 Incident, the Battle of Songhu also began, which was the largest and most tragic battle fought during the Sino-Japanese War.
It lasted three months, and the national army paid the price of losing 60% of its elite troops and used the blood and sweat of 250,000 soldiers to smash the enemy's arrogant words of "destroying China in three months".
But the battle was lost after all, and the Chinese army was also hastily executed under Chiang Kai-shek's hastily made order to "retreat on all fronts".
It not only led to the original retreat turning into a rout, resulting in many unnecessary losses, but also directly or indirectly affected the effective organization of the defense of Nanjing.
Nanjing, the seat of the Nationalist Government, the capital of China at the time, was only 300 kilometers from Shanghai, and after the fall of Shanghai, Nanjing also lost its shelter and was exposed to the sight of Japanese fighters.
On November 20, the Nationalist government announced the relocation to Chongqing, and nearly half of Nanjing's more than one million residents were relocated by December.
Within half a month, the Jiangyin fortress was lost, and the first and second fleets of the Chinese Navy were completely destroyed. Tang Shengzhi, the commander of the Nanjing Garrison, who promised that "the city is in the people" at that time, did not serve the country in the end, but issued an order to the troops to retreat and break through the siege on the second day after the Japanese army launched a general offensive.
And because before the war, in order to show his determination, Tang Shengzhi transferred all the ferries that could be used, so when the soldiers broke through and marched to the riverside, they could only "look at the river and sigh" and became a live target of the Japanese army.
From then on, Nanjing's resistance completely collapsed, and the Japanese army entered the city in the early morning of December 13, beginning a six-week organized and premeditated massacre, in which more than 300,000 Nanjing soldiers and civilians were killed.
Later, according to the recollection of a Japanese military correspondent at the time: "There were almost no Japanese soldiers who did not rape women. What makes people feel even more creepy is that the Japanese invaders even took pleasure in killing people and engaged in a killing contest.
Toshiaki Mukai and Takeshi Noda were two captains and officers, and they had made a pact that whoever killed the most people when they entered the city of Nanjing would be the winner.
Along the way, the two of them frantically brandished their butcher knives, and when they met outside Nanjing, Toshiaki Mukai killed 106 people and Takeshi Noda killed 105 people, and then they looked at each other and smiled, and decided to draw until 150 people met again......
The atrocities of the invaders are outrageous, and the cruelty of the "cold-blooded animals" far exceeds that of the jackals.
Awake!Awake!
"Japan has surrendered!" On August 15, 1945, this long-awaited news finally spread across the land of China, and the arduous War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression finally came to an end.
After 14 years of artillery fire, 35 million soldiers and civilians were killed and wounded, and the hatred of the country and the family is unspeakable.
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East came into being under these circumstances, and a large contingent of judges sent by the United States, China, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom formed a large trial team to try Japanese war criminals in Tokyo.
This is known as the "Tokyo Trial".
The Tokyo Trial, which began on May 3, 1946 and ended on November 12, 1948, lasted two and a half years, and resulted in many important verdicts, such as the hanging of seven Class-A war criminals, including Hideki Tojo and Kenji Dohihara.
Since it is a trial, it is necessary to have sufficient evidence so that the war criminals are speechless, and the huge project of finding evidence and witnesses has also become one of the important tasks of the functionaries of various countries and the representatives of judges.
Mr. Gao Wenbin, a well-known Chinese jurist and translator, was involved in this process, as he was the secretary of the Chinese prosecutor's office at that time, and experienced the whole process of the Tokyo trial.
As secretary, Gao Wenbin's work package is to organize all the trial records, receive the materials of the International Prosecutor's Office, prepare the materials of the Chinese side for the trial, and so on.
In his spare time, he would consult major libraries and newspapers in Tokyo, hoping to find as much useful evidence as possible.
One day in 1947, Gao Wenbin stumbled upon a wartime issue of the Tokyo Daily Shimbun, in which the front page prominently published a report of "100 beheadings, exceeding the record", and there was a group photo of two Japanese officers next to it.
It was none other than the aforementioned Toshiaki Imai and Takeshi Noda.
After translating it, Gao Wenbin learned that the article was actually written about the report of these two officers meeting to engage in a killing contest when Nanjing fell! The article also greatly praised him and called him a "warrior."
Gao Wenbin suppressed his anger and quickly made three copies of the materials, one of which was left in Tokyo for the delegation's use, and two copies were sent back to Nanjing.
After receiving the documents, Shi Meiyu, the president of the Nanjing Military Tribunal at that time, immediately submitted a request to the Allied forces in Japan to arrest Toshiaki Imai and Takeshi Noda.
After more than half a year of searching, the Allies found them in the countryside of Saitama Prefecture and successfully escorted them to Nanjing for trial, 10 years after they committed the atrocities.
Although Toshiaki Imai and Takeshi Noda have always been reluctant to admit it, trying their best to cover up their crimes and find reasons to exonerate themselves, the truth is clear and the evidence is conclusive, and they cannot quibble.
On January 28, 1948, the two executioners were escorted to the Yuhuatai Execution Ground in Nanjing to be shot. And the word "100 beheadings" has forever become an indelible pain for the victims.
Forge ahead!
In 2014, the mainland legislated December 13 as the National Memorial Day for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre, with the intention of remembering history and cherishing peace.
“...... The dragon is standing in the tiger, Yi Xun Dingming, carrying forward the past and forging ahead into the future, and never forgetting. This is the end of the peace declaration, since it is "never forget", stop using "100 beheadings" indiscriminately.
Bibliography:
1, China.com: "Gao Wenbin, the last person who experienced the Tokyo Trial, passed away at the age of 99"
2. Xinhuanet: "Nanjing Massacre Adds New Evidence"
3. Cheng Zhaoqi, "Research on the Historical Materials of the Nanjing Massacre in Japan"
4. Collection of Historical Materials of the Nanjing Massacre, 34, Japanese Military Education, 100 Beheadings and Historical Materials of the Consulate in Nanjing