For so many years, there has been a question on the Internet, that is, if Outer Mongolia had known the current development status of Inner Mongolia, would Outer Mongolia still resolutely and resolutely become independent of the motherland in 1912? If you ask the people of Outer Mongolia this question, the answers may be varied. But there is no doubt that if Mongolia at that time had known that they had hugged the lap of the Soviet Union, but had developed into such a ghostly situation, they would not have made such a choice.
In 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out in southern China, which made the already crumbling Qing government more critical, the regent Zaifeng at that time was instructed by the Empress Dowager Longyu, originally wanted to select the son of the Manchu nobles, the Minister of War Yin Chang, to lead the troops to quell the chaos, but what the Qing government did not expect was that because the troops of the Beiyang Department were brought out by Yuan Shikai, they were not interested in this Yingchang who came back from studying in Germany, and they did not listen to the order at all, so they had to force the Qing government to invite Yuan Shikai out, and after Yuan Shikai came out, the first thing was not to go to the south to fight the revolutionary party, but to stage a big drama of seizing power inside the Forbidden City。 This time, the Qing government was even more lively, and it did not have the energy to take care of the stability of the frontier at all.
In such a situation, Tsarist Russia also smelled an opportunity, and they supported some of the Mongolian nobles led by Handa Dorji, and instigated Outer Mongolia to support the Emperor Nikko, expel the Qing garrison, and declare independence. Although the outbreak of the revolution in Tsarist Russia led to civil strife, Yuan Shikai's Beiyang government briefly recovered the Outer Mongolia region, but the good times did not last long, and by 1924 the Soviet Union had completely quelled the civil unrest, and after the outbreak of the Zhifeng War in China, the Soviet Union seized the opportunity to make Outer Mongolia independent again.
By 1945, although China was already one of the five major powers in the world at that time, it had made great contributions to the World Anti-Fascist War. However, the United States and Britain each had their own calculations, in exchange for the Soviet Union to send troops to the northeast, attack the Japanese Kwantung Army, and then reduce their own country's casualties in the war against Japan, put pressure on the then Nationalist Government, forced China to sign the so-called Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, since then Outer Mongolia has become independent from China's territory in the form of law, after the founding of New China, due to the implementation of a one-sided foreign policy, we had to rely on the Soviet Union to resist the invasion of the United States. The issue of Outer Mongolia can only be shelved indefinitely, and in this way, decades have passed, and the current independence of Outer Mongolia has become an established fact, and the shape of our territory has changed from the original Qiu Haitang to the current big rooster.
Although the big rooster is good-looking, we obviously miss the begonias of the old days more.
And for Outer Mongolia, the days of independence are not as good as they thought.
The independent Outer Mongolia covers an area of more than 1.5 million square kilometers and is extremely rich in mineral resources, with more than 1,000 tons of coal and 3,000 tons of gold production. In addition to this, there are almost 1.5 billion barrels of oil reserves. Outer Mongolia, by contrast, has less than 3 million inhabitants. With so many mineral resources owned by such a small number of people, Outer Mongolia should be one of the few developed countries in the world, not to mention that it is as rich as the local tyrants in the Middle East.
But for Outer Mongolia, the reality is that Outer Mongolia is not only not a developed country, but the most backward country in Asia, Outer Mongolia's GDP is only more than 10 billion US dollars is less than a prefecture-level city of ours, although it does not make much money, but the debt of Outer Mongolia is as high as 23 billion, in other words, the residents of Outer Mongolia have to eat or drink, two years to be able to pay off their foreign debts, because of the debt pressure, in previous years Mongolia even appeared on the list of the poorest countries in the United Nations, in 2017, Outer Mongolia officials had to issue a donation to all the people to save the country, asking everyone to sell cattle, sheep and furniture to the country to pay backThis is the first time in the history of a modern state.
But this is only a drop in the bucket, although the residents of the whole Mongolia are starving to pay off the country's debt, but what is puzzling is that the national debt of Outer Mongolia rose by more than $7 billion in 2018. If this continues, the debts owed by Outer Mongolia are estimated to be unpaid in this life.
Obviously there are abundant resources, but his own country is very poor. Such a huge contrast has to make people wonder why outside. Mongolia has been independent for nearly 100 years, and now it will become such a poor ghost?
The reason is also simple, because the USSR collapsed. In fact, when the Soviet Union was still there, Outer Mongolia was still living a very good life, although the Soviet Union did not annex Outer Mongolia to its own territory, but he had already formulated a plan for the development of Outer Mongolia, he positioned Mongolia as a country that provides cattle, sheep, animal husbandry products and mineral resources. In those years, Outer Mongolia sold its resources to the Soviet Union, and then the Soviet Union sold them to European countries, and they could collect a lot of foreign exchange a year while lying down, and with these foreign exchanges, Outer Mongolia went to the Soviet Union to buy a large number of industrial products. Coupled with the resources of the Soviet Union for Outer Mongolia itself, the residents of Mongolia at that time were still living very well, at least much better than the neighbor of the Southern Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is estimated that this is also the time when Mongolia is most proud.
However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, everything changed. The blame is that Mongolia did not want to forge ahead, blindly indulged in the favor of the Soviet Union, and when it was able to make money, Mongolia did not think about developing its own industrial base. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia's resources were denied buyers, and Mongolia's channels for buying industrial products were cut off. Mongolia had neither money nor industrial goods, and the country's economy was paralyzed all at once. Previously, there were only two railways in Mongolia, one to China and the other to Russia. The road to Russia has been carefully maintained for many years, and the road condition leading to China is not only in disrepair, but it can also be said that it is difficult to move an inch due to the abnormal Sino-Mongolian relations at that time.
Originally, with the railway to Russia, the economy and trade of Outer Mongolia was sufficient. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia itself was poor, and did not want to carry the big burden of Outer Mongolia at all, and Russia itself is also a resource-exporting country, and Mongolia's resource exports and Russia's resource exports are in competition in the international community, and Russia certainly does not allow Mongolia to use its own land to export resources. As a result, the rich resources of Outer Mongolia cannot be transported out at all, and Outer Mongolia itself has no industrial base and no way to digest it. Oil is a good thing, but if it is mined and there is no place to use it, it is just a pile of black viscous liquid, and it cannot be exchanged for foreign exchange at all. At that time, Mongolia's mining industry accounted for 1/3 of Mongolia's GDP and 90% of its exports.
At this time, the only way for Mongolia is to build railway infrastructure, because if you want to get rich, you must first build roads, and only when the infrastructure is done well can you exchange domestic resources for cash. But the crux of the problem is that Outer Mongolia is vast and sparsely populated, and it must have no money, and if it attracts foreign capital, building a railway here is clearly a loss-making deal, and Russia will definitely have no money. Although the Americans have taken a fancy to Outer Mongolia after the collapse of the Soviet Union and will provide certain economic assistance to Outer Mongolia every year after 2000, the huge project of building a railway is a great drain on national strength, although the Americans have money, they do not want to spend so much money for Mongolia, what they want to do is to frame Mongolia into their camp with sweet words. If you want the United States to pay for it, Mongolia can't do it.
In contrast, we have the money and the infrastructure to build it. But for well-known reasons, Mongolia did not have much trust in us, let alone let us build a railway on its soil.
In this way, no one invested, and there was no money of their own, and Mongolia's transportation facilities could not be established in a formal manner, and the country's economy was still developing half-dead.
Unlike the development status of Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia can be said to be prosperous and prosperous. Also in 2018, our Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a population of nearly 25 million and a GDP of 1.7 trillion yuan. Compared with Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia is one heaven and one hell. The current residents of Outer Mongolia are somewhat jealous when they mention the development of Inner Mongolia. It may also be mixed with a kind of pride that has been shattered, and the hope of the future is confused. Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, the two are of the same origin, not only the area is about the same, but the resources are also about the same, and the current economy is one in the sky and the other is underground, and all this is to blame for the different choices of their ancestors. From this point of view, if Mongolia had made another choice in 1912, they might not have chosen independence from China.
So someone wants to ask, since Outer Mongolia is not developing well, it has been wandering outside for 100 years, but it is mixed up with the current ghost. In this case, is there any hope for the return of Outer Mongolia now?
The answer is probably regrettable, not to mention the return of the current Outer Mongolia to China, even if it is allowed to live in harmony with us and be a competent cohesion, the government of Outer Mongolia still has a long way to go.
Outer Mongolia's territory is all sandwiched between China and Russia, and because our economy is much larger than Russia's, and Outer Mongolia cannot provide the light industrial products that Russia needs, and Outer Mongolia says that Russia is rich in minerals and cannot digest it itself, there is not much room for economic cooperation between the two sides. Therefore, the ideal way of development of Outer Mongolia is to sell us mineral resources, and we provide Mongolia with new industrial products, in other words, the only way for Outer Mongolia to develop now is to treat us as if we were the Soviet Union.
But the crux of the matter is that Outer Mongolia does not have a good attitude towards us. Although we are of the same origin as Mongolia, he is very wary of us. They seem to think that we are always thinking about the Mongolian land, and that the top leaders of the Mongolian government are used to being the head of state, and they will never agree to be incorporated into China and become the head of a provincial unit.
It is precisely because of such political influence that the mainstream media in Mongolia often brainwashes their own citizens and instigates them to reject China. Not only did it exclude it, but Mongolia also brought Americans from the Americas to escort itself for the sake of its so-called national defense and security. They seem to feel that Outer Mongolia has been oppressed by the Soviet Union, and we occupy Inner Mongolia, which belongs to Mongolia, so we and Russia are now Mongolia's enemies, only the United States and its Western allies are Mongolia's friends, Mongolia's small actions over the years, and the United States to hold joint military Xi exercises, and to sell rare earth resources to the United States, in 2006, Mongolia even received the old monk hiding in India, a licking dog, it is really unaccustomed.
Mongolia thinks that it will be on the thigh of the United States so that it can protect its national security. But this is simply an act of death, knowing that all the territory of Mongolia is sandwiched between us and Russia, both of which are nuclear-armed countries and are members of the five permanent members of the United Nations. No country can be manipulated by the United States. Let's not talk about whether the Americans really want to help Mongolia, and even if they do, how much influence can the United States have on Mongolia in this distance of thousands of miles?
As a simple example, if we and Russia are not happy, not a single screw of the Americans will want to go to the land of Mongolia.
I don't know when Mongolia will realize this problem, good-neighborliness and friendship with China is the only way for Mongolia to live a good life, and if we are enemies, no matter how arrogant Mongolia is, it will only be a dead end. In this regard, the United States cannot help him.
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