The Republic of Colombia is located in northwestern South America, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south, and Panama to the northwest. It is a member of the Union of South American Nations.
Colombia's population is predominantly indo-European. Colombia has a developed economy, transportation and tourism industry, and is a resource-rich developing country. Colombia recognizes dual citizenship. For example, if the parents hold a long-term residence visa in Colombia, their children can enter the nationality of the brother.
Colombia has a population of 49.64 million (2018) and a land area of about 1.142 million square kilometers, ranking fourth in South America. Colombia is the only country in South America with a coastline of the North Pacific and the Caribbean. Colombia belongs to The West 5 district and is 13 hours behind Beijing time.
The capital is Bogotá. Formerly known as Santa Fibogotá from 1991 to 2000, it was the capital of Colombia and the capital of the province of Cundinamarca. Most of the inhabitants are of mixed race. Bogotá is the largest city in Colombia, one of the largest and most modern cities in Latin America, and the fastest growing metropolis in South America. Bogotá's administrative status in Colombia is the "Distrito Capital", which is directly administered by the central government. It is an important transportation hub and political, economic, cultural and industrial center of Colombia.
With a total population of 49.64 million, Colombia is the second most populous country in South America. The five cities of Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, Barranquilla and Cartagena are the main population concentrations in Colombia, accounting for 32 per cent of the total population. Among them, 60% are Indo-European mixed races, 20% are white, 18% are mixed blacks and whites, and the rest are Indians and blacks. The official language is Spanish. The majority of the inhabitants are Catholic.
A brief history of the Colombian nation
Before independence, the indigenous population of Colombia was the Chibucha Indians. They used wooden and stone tools to grow crops such as corn and cassava and spun cotton. The Colombian region was a famous gold mine in ancient South America, and the Chibucha people had a high level of gold decorative arts. In 1501, the Spaniards R.de Bastidas first reached the northern coast of Colombia and founded the city of Santa Marta in 1525. In 1533, P.de Heredia established Cartagena. In 1535, G. Jiménez de Quesada led a Spanish colonial army into the Interior of Colombia, conquered the Chibucha, established the city of Bogotá, and colombia became a Spanish colony. Originally under the jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Peru.
In 1718, after the Spanish Crown established the Viceroy of Neo-Granada in Bogotá, he was directly ruled by that Viceroy. Under Spanish colonial rule, Indians were brutally exploited, and native whites were also subjected to various oppressions. Indians continued to revolt, and native whites also held uprisings in 1781.
In 1808, when the news of Napoleon I's invasion of Spain reached Colombia, the people immediately set off an independence movement. On July 20, 1810, a massive uprising broke out in Bogotá against Spanish colonial rule, arresting the viceroy of New Granada.
In November 1811, the local representatives organized a congress in Bogotá, established the United Provincial Government of New Granada, and declared independence on November 11. In 1815 the Spanish colonists made another comeback and overthrew the United Provincial Government. On August 7, 1819, S. Bolivar led the rebel army to defeat the Spanish colonial army at the Battle of Boyacá, and on the 10th captured Bogotá, thus ending Spanish colonial rule.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Colombian economy began to develop, especially the production of coffee and oil increased, and the textile and food industries developed. In November 1903, the United States instigated Panama's independence from Colombia. At the same time, the United States and Britain invested heavily in Colombia's oil, railroads, and coffee and banana plantations, plundering Colombia's wealth. After the outbreak of the capitalist world economic crisis in 1929, Colombia's coffee and oil exports decreased, and the people's lives became more difficult.
What is the level of Colombia's economy?
In 2019, Colombia's total economic volume was 336.6 billion US dollars, equivalent to about 2.18 trillion yuan, which is slightly higher than Suzhou's total economic output. Colombia's per capita GDP is $6,687, or about 43,500 yuan.
Although the economic level of Colombia is not too high, but the consumption level is still quite high, according to the introduction of domestic tour guides, Colombia's consumption level is higher than the domestic north, Shanghai and Guangzhou, say it or surprise, 10,000 yuan in Colombia is not long, the country's cheapest bottle of mineral water is about 7 yuan, and even an ordinary plate of fried rice is very expensive, it costs 50 yuan. According to this conversion, 10,000 yuan in Colombia can only eat ordinary food, sleep in ordinary hotels, and save money, and live for about three weeks. Of course, this data is only a reference, because the angles chosen are different.
The nineteenth national characteristics of Colombia
One of Colombia's specialties: emerald reserves rank first in the world. Colombia is rich in natural resources, with coal, oil and emeralds as the main mineral deposits. In particular, coal reserves are about 24 billion tons, ranking first in Latin America. Colombia has oil reserves of 1.8 billion barrels and natural gas reserves of 18.7 billion cubic meters, especially emerald reserves rank first in the world, bauxite reserves of 100 million tons, uranium reserves of 40,000 tons. In addition, there are gold, silver, nickel, platinum, iron and other mineral deposits. The forest area is about 49.23 million hectares.
Colombia has the largest reserves of emeralds in the world. Green gems are beryllium-aluminosilicate minerals. Several of its variants are different in color, including light blue (called aquamarine), dark green (called emerald), golden yellow (called beryl), pink (called morganite) and many other varieties. Among them, honey yellow is more common.
Emeralds are generally hexagonal cylindrical crystals, and the color is generally various greens.
The country with the largest emerald reserves in the world is Colombia, which accounts for about 60% of the world's total production, colombia Boarca province is the world's main source of emeralds, Colombia is synonymous with top emeralds, the emeralds produced here, characterized by strong colors, export tens of millions of dollars of mother green to markets around the world every year.
Colombia is the world's most famous emerald producer and is considered the main producer of the world's finest emeralds, with positive color and high quality. Mosso (the world's finest emerald deposits), Chiwo and Gosgäus are the main distributions. Its deposits are all low-temperature hot brine hydrothermal deposits, and the genesis of emeralds is related to the cracks and fractures of calcite and dolomite seeping into the early White to the early White to the black carbonaceous shale.
Emeralds are mainly produced in pegmatite-type, gas-form hydrothermal, hydrothermal, and placer-type deposits. Emeralds are mostly light green, and when the composition is rich in cesium, it appears pink, called rose emerald. When chromium is contained, it is a bright emerald green color called emerald. When containing divalent iron, it is pale blue and is called aquamarine. When containing trivalent iron, it is yellow and is called yellow-emerald.
Emeralds are representative of green transparent stones. Emeralds have a low specific gravity, so even if the grain is small, they still appear larger than diamonds or rubies of the same carat count, which is an important feature of it. Inside the emerald, there will be a lot of inclusions such as "Mexi" that can be seen with the naked eye. As a result, it is often mistaken for a flaw, but in fact it is an inevitable inclusion in the crystallization process, and it can also be regarded as evidence of natural gemstones. The elements that cast a veil of mystery over the emerald.
The emerald chemical formula is Be3Al2 (SiO3)6, which contains beryllium oxide (BeO) 14.1%, alumina (Al2O3) 19%, and silicon oxide (SiO2) 66.9%.
The world's emerald-producing countries include Madagascar, Brazil, Afghanistan, the United States and other countries. The most famous emerald is produced in Colombia, South America, and is found in the limestone foundation.
Emeralds have been one of the precious gemstones since ancient times. Legend has it that 6,000 years ago, ancient Babylon was dedicated to the statue of the goddess. In the ancient Caleb Empire in the Persian Gulf, women were particularly fond of emerald ornaments. Ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks thousands of years ago also loved to use emeralds as jewelry. Chinese also love emeralds.
In particular, the emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties were particularly fond of emeralds. The Ming Emperor regarded it as as precious as the golden and green cat's eye, and there was a saying that "the crown needs cat's eye and emerald". The jade belt of the Ming Wanli Emperor is inlaid with a large emerald, which is now stored in the Ming Tombs Dingling Museum. In addition to a large number of pearls and other gemstones, the gold brocade quilt built after Empress Dowager Cixi's death also had two emeralds weighing about 5 yuan each.
Emerald is the May birthstone, it symbolizes luck and happiness, and wearing it means that it will bring peace to a lifetime. It is also a memorial stone for the 55th wedding anniversary. Emeralds are very old gemstones that were used as jewelry in ancient Egypt. Emerald is known as the king of emeralds and is one of the quite valuable gemstones (the birthstone of May). The famous mine of the time, Cleopatra (Cleopatra's name), was depleted by extensive mining.
Emeralds are flawless gemstones that are hard to find. In fact, emerald gemstones must have cracks and inclusions, and the variety of crack inclusions is so complex that it is even called "garden" by researchers. Too many inclusions naturally affect the value of gemstones, but for gem researchers, emerald inclusions are rare samples that allow them to observe different inclusions and distinguish between gemstone origins and the environment in which they grow.
Colombian specialty two: Colombian coffee. Colombian Coffee World is one of the few single-product coffees sold in the world under the name of the country. In terms of quality, Colombian coffee has received praise that no other coffee can match. Compared to other producing countries, Colombian coffee focuses on developing products and promoting production. Coupled with superior geographical and climatic conditions, Colombian coffee is of excellent quality and taste, and its reputation is global.
Roasted coffee beans will release a sweet aroma, and has the characteristics of sour with sweet, bitter taste in the flat, due to the appropriate concentration, often used in high-grade mixed coffee. Colombian coffee tends to have a light, elegant aroma, unlike Brazilian coffee, which is strong or African coffee with a sour, understated and elegant flavor.
Columbia was named in 1863 to commemorate Columbus's arrival in the Americas in 1492. It is known as the "Golden Land". Colombia is the world's second largest coffee producer after Brazil, coffee is the main pillar of Colombia's economy, with an annual output of up to 800 million kilograms, known as "green gold", coffee has become a symbol of Colombia's wealth.
Colombian coffee has a long history in the world, located in the northwest of South America, with a long history. Since ancient times, Indians have thrived in this beautiful land. It became a Spanish colony in 1531 and gained independence in 1819. It was renamed Columbia in 1886 in honor of Columbus, the discoverer of the American continent. In 1808, a priest introduced coffee to Colombia for the first time via Venezuela from the French Antilles.
Colombia has a famous "four treasures": emeralds, coffee, gold, flowers, which shows that coffee Colombia is in a very important position. Very few coffees in the world are named after countries, such as the famous Nescafe and Blue Mountain coffees are not named after countries. As a result, Colombia is the first in the world to use the name of the country as a coffee brand.
Colombian coffee is particularly renowned for its good quality, unique taste and high taste. Colombia's coffee exports up to about $1.5 billion a year, accounting for a large share of foreign trade.
Colombia is the world's third largest producer and exporter of coffee, the world's largest exporter of Arabica coffee beans, and the world's largest exporter of washed coffee beans.
The unique geographical environment has created a unique variety of Colombian coffee. Colombia's mild climate, humid air, and diverse climate make it the harvest season for coffee all year round, and coffee can ripen in different seasons and in different varieties. In particular, the unique quality of Arabica coffee beans is a coffee boutique.
The world coffee is divided into two series, one is the "hard" coffee represented by Brazil, which has a strong taste; the other is the "soft" coffee represented by Colombia, which has a light flavor. The important reason for the difference in taste lies in the altitude and cultivation method of the two domestic fields, Brazilian coffee is planted in the hilly red soil, so it is more extensive, and Colombian coffee is planted in the black soil of the mountains and is carefully cultivated, so it is more elegant.
Colombian coffee is divided into more than 200 grades, and the regionality of coffee is very strong. In particular, the country's coffee-producing region is located in the Andes Mountains, with a mild climate and humid air. Colombia is not like Brazil, which worries about frost damage. There are about 700 million coffee trees in Colombia, of which 66% are planted in plantations in a modern way, and the rest are planted on small farms that are traditionally operated.
Colombian coffee was once grown on 1.07 million hectares, there are about 302,000 coffee plantations in the country, and about 40% of the agricultural population depends on coffee production. More than 80% of coffee plantations have only about 5,000 coffee trees, an average of 3,000. It can be seen that Colombia's coffee farming is still in the form of small farms. Locals plant tall trees or banana trees around the coffee trees. Due to the high humidity in the coffee forest, the temperature difference is small, and the coffee beans mature slowly, which is conducive to the accumulation of caffeine and aromatic substances, so the coffee quality is the best.
The best coffee in Colombian coffee – Arabica coffee. The most famous coffee in the Colombian coffee species is the Arabica (scientific name Coffee Arabica). Arabica coffee trees mostly grow between 900 meters and 2000 meters above sea level; they are characterized by relatively hardy, the suitable growth temperature is 15-24 ° C; they require greater humidity, the annual rainfall is not less than 1500 ml, and there are also higher restrictions on cultivation technology and conditions. So, that's why Colombia has the Coffee-Growing Mountains in the background.
Of the coffee beans produced globally, Arabica coffee accounts for about 65%-80%. Arabica coffee beans are characterized by their long, flattened and greenish appearance. Arabica coffee has a rich and broad flavor. Arabica coffee produced in different regions, different altitudes and different climates usually has its own flavor characteristics. It is worth mentioning that Arabica's excellent flavor and aroma make it the only coffee in the native species that can be drunk directly and alone. For this reason, Arabica has been praised as the "green gold".
The export and management of Colombian coffee is relatively strict. For example, all vehicles entering Colombia must be sprayed and disinfected to avoid bringing disease and damaging the coffee trees. Colombian law clearly stipulates that only private traders with a license from the Federation can export coffee, with the aim of preserving the image of Colombian coffee in the world, while also ensuring that the government receives a stable fiscal revenue in the coffee trade.
Colombian coffee has long been monopolized by Japanese roasters. In recent years, the Colombian government has asked Japanese coffee roasters to withdraw a portion of their share in order to encourage free trade, because the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia attaches great importance to the international market.
Colombia has a strong coffee culture, coffee culture is also very unique, coffee has always been considered the pride of Colombians, Colombians life like to talk about the most, in addition to the once ranked world's top football, is the proud coffee. Colombians believe that drinking coffee is a pleasure, essential 3 times a day. The streets of Columbia are also lined with cafes, full of customers from morning to night. It is worth mentioning that Colombian cafes are not instant, they are all cooked and sold.
If you visit a friend or a government official in Colombia, you will first be given a cup of Colombian coffee. Colombian coffee not only has many brands, but also has many products of coffee as an raw material, such as coffee candy, coffee wine, coffee bean crafts, etc. Coffee is also drunk in a variety of ways, such as some with milk, some without milk, some into foam, some cold coffee, iced coffee. In Colombia, even a small village will have a coffee shop. In Colombia many airport coffees are provided free of charge.
The third characteristic of Colombia: the famous Colombian flowers. Colombia's flower farming industry has only 35 years of history. However, due to Colombia's unique natural conditions, high cultivation technology and relatively low cost, Colombia has become the world's second largest flower exporter, and its output is second only to the flower kingdom of the Netherlands, Colombia accounts for 14% of the total number of flowers in the world. 98% of the cut flowers produced in Colombia are exported, mainly in the United States.
Colombia is the 11th largest supplier of Chinese flowers and the 8th largest importer of cut flowers in China. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, in 2018, the output of each flower was 251,900 tons, the planting area was 8,391 hectares, and more than 1,000 kinds of flowers such as roses, carnations, lilies, and hydrangeas were exported from Colombia to 100 countries in the world. Flowers have become a very important industry in Colombia, especially to a large extent to solve the problem of employment of the country's rural population.
Cut flowers grow mainly in the mountainous province of Kundinamarca in central Colombia (70.0%), as well as Intioquia (28.1%). The peak production season is February, May and November to December.
Colombia exported 235,000 tonnes of cut flowers in 2016, with an output value of about US$1.3 billion. Exports cover 72 countries, with the main importers being the United States (78.5%), the United Kingdom (3.8%) and Japan (3.3%). Among them, tropical and exotic flowers exported the largest volume (35.7%), roses accounted for 23.4% of total exports, and carnations accounted for 11.0%. The main export companies are Elite Flower Company, Columbia Sunshine Company, and SAS Flower Distribution and Service Company.
Colombia has a very ideal climate for flower reproduction, so the plants have a strong vitality and the color is also very good. Among them, the most representative flower is the orchid Casa trianae (also known as the 'Colombian orchid'), which is very beautiful and exotic, regarded by botanists as the national flower of Colombia, the most suitable variety for Bogotá flowers, and a unique delicacy because of its delicious taste.
Spirulina, a lesser-known variety, is also native to South American countries. It is a pointed flower with a strong orange hue that reaches a height of more than one meter, more abundant in wooded and rainy areas.
Colombian specialty four: the country of gold. Colombia has always been rich in gold and is known as the "Land of Gold". The capital, Bogotá, became the center of the legendary "Dorado" and is known as the "Golden Capital". According to legend, when the local ancient Chieftain of the Chibucha tribe was crowned and worshipped the gods, he was covered with gold powder, and drove a canoe to the sacred Lake Guadarvida to bathe and worship, and the tribesmen wore gold and ornaments to stand on the shore of the lake to watch the ceremony. At the same time, there are also "golden people" wearing gold helmets, gold armor, and golden leggings, who are sent to the center of the lake by the tribesmen and willing to sink themselves to the bottom of the lake as a "sacrifice sacrifice" to worship the gods, and this tribe is also known as the "land of the gilded people".
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Spanish colonists were driven by the "golden dream" to look for this "country of the gilded people" everywhere, frantically plundering the wealth of the local Indians, so a large number of exquisite gold works of art were smelted into gold ingots by the colonists and shipped back to the country, making this "golden country" a legend forever.
Colombia is home to the world-famous Gold Museum. Colombia's National Bank took 16 years to prepare for the Gold Museum! In 1923, as soon as the National Bank of Colombia was founded, it set up gold acquisition stations throughout the country to manage gold trading activities. It was not until 1939 that the National Bank was allowed to establish a gold museum dedicated to the collection of ancient Indian gold objects acquired and collected.
The National Bank of Colombia has reached the scale of nearly 30,000 gold jewelry today. The gold ornaments at the Columbia Gold Museum are broadly divided into three categories:
One is the golden vessels that reflect the ancient religious rituals of the locality; the other is the gold ornaments on the head and abdomen, which are engraved with the pictures of human heads and birds and animals, which are worn when praying to the gods and celebrating festivals; the other is daily necessities, including pots, cups, bowls, pots, plates, fish hooks, knives, false masks, incense burners, shrines, etc.
The Columbia Gold Museum is world-famous and houses three treasures of the town hall.
The first treasure of the town hall: a beautifully crafted gold ship.
According to legend, an ancient Chibucha leader was coated with gold powder, took various gold offerings to this "golden boat", went to Lake Guadavida to worship the gods, and then washed the gold powder and gold sacrifices in the lake, and the Indians who worshipped also threw their gold ornaments into the lake, and over time, the lake was full of gold.
But this legend almost brought ruin to the Chibucha people. Driven by the golden dream, in the 16th century, Spanish colonists turned Lake Guadarveda upside down to the sky, and swept away the gold that sank at the bottom of the lake, fortunately, this "golden ship" was not found.
The second treasure of the town hall is the gold chamber of the Gold Museum, which contains more than 12,000 exquisite gold ornaments. Enter the Golden Chamber and feel like you were in the "Golden Land" centuries ago.
The third treasure of the town hall: the museum's most precious gold jewelry, is placed on the top floor of the "Golden Hall", which is also the third largest treasure of the museum. It was originally a secret room with a heavily guarded doorway.
More than 2,000 years ago, the Colombian region of South America was rich in gold. According to statistics, from the beginning of the 16th century to the end of the 19th century, Colombia produced an average of about 3500 kilograms of gold per year, ranking first in the entire Western Hemisphere. Since the 5th century AD, Indians have liked to use gold as ornaments, such as earrings, nose rings, necklaces, bracelets, anklets, various pots, cups, plates, bowls, plates, plates, masks and incense burners, which are either as thin as paper or as thin as silk. According to local cultural traditions, the number of gold jewelry worn by a person shows to some extent his social status.
The ancient Indians and the Chibucha tribe not only made ornaments of gold, but also used it as a sacrifice to the "sun god".
The Indians practiced the Helios religion. Whenever the chief was crowned or worshipped to the gods, he was coated with resin and sprayed with gold powder to become a "gilded man" in the local Indian civilization, and gold was also used as a funerary product to convey the idea of reincarnation.
The fifth special feature of Colombia: South American football. There are no weak brigades in South America. South American football top three: Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia has always been inferior to the top three. But the early 1990s were a glorious period for Colombian football. The emergence of world-famous stars such as Carlos Valdrama, Fastino Asprila, René Iquita and other stars made Colombia a hit in the 1990 World Cup, making a historic breakthrough in the round of sixteen in the World Cup.
In particular, Colombia won the Copa America in 2001. At the 2014 Fifaccia World Cup in Brazil, under the leadership of James Rodriguez, Colombia emerged from the crowd, winning all three games in the group stage, and defeated Uruguay in the quarter-finals of the previous World Cup to reach the quarterfinals, creating the best result in the World Cup and winning the 2014 World Cup Fair Play Award. In the 2016 Copa America, the team finished third. According to the FIFA rankings at that time, Colombia was ranked tenth in the world, which is a world-class team.
Colombia "Football Tragedy". The Colombian national team was criticized by fans across the country after its defeat in the 1994 World Cup, especially the defender Escobar, who delivered the oolong ball at a critical time in the World Cup, was shot by a bloodless gambling dog fan five days after returning home, and then died, shocking the world. Since then, Colombian football has been overshadowed and its development has fallen into a long-term stagnation.
Colombia's four biggest stars: 1) Carlos Valderrama: The number one in Colombian football, Valderramar is the team's all-time appearance, leading the national team to the 1990, 1994 and 1998 World Cups. Colombian football took off in the 1990s, in large part because of Valderlama, a football man, in midfield.
2) Radammel Falcao: 41 goals in 51 games in the Time of Porto; 70 goals in 91 games in the Era of Atletico; 65 goals in 107 games in the Era of Monaco. In his heyday, Falcao was greedy and fast in the forbidden area, which made the whole of Europe feel frightened. As a terminator, Falcao can play extremely accurate shots on both left and right feet, especially the ability to instantly fire the goal after turning around. At the 2018 World Cup, Falcao, as captain, still performed well. Falcao still retains his position as the team's all-time top scorer.
3) James Rodriguez, abbreviated as J Ronaldo, is the number one player in active Colombian football. As the number ten player, J Ronaldo is a master of the other. Especially at the 2014 World Cup, J Ronaldo, who played for Monaco, shined and shot well with the passing belt. In five matches, Ronaldo, wearing the no. 10 shirt, delivered a perfect performance of 6 goals and 2 assists, helping Colombia to a historic reach of the quarterfinals and personally winning the World Cup Golden Boot.
After the game, the Colombian midfield core player was robbed by a number of giants. In the end, Real Madrid successfully won J Ronaldo with a transfer fee of 80 million euros.
4) Iquita: He spends most of his time playing for Colombia. The crazy performance left on the international football field is known as the mad goalkeeper. As a goalkeeper, Iquita is explosive and quick to save, especially known for his repeated attacks out of the box, and he has scored many goals in his career as a goalkeeper.
Such a distinct personality has made Iquita suffer a lot of criticism. Particularly in the quarter-finals of the 1990 World Cup, Iquita buried the team's prospects, pushing the ball forward before being scored by Uncle Mira's stealing shot.
Colombia has the second most holidays in the world: Colombians have the second longest holiday in the world. Perhaps working and living balance is the secret of the happiest country in the world.
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Colombian characteristics seven: Colombian bosses tend to be women: only three countries in the world are more likely to have female bosses than men. According to incomplete statistics, 53% of the bosses in Colombia are women. There is only one country in the world with a higher proportion of female bosses than Colombia, and that is Jamaica, where 59 out of 100 bosses are women.
Colombian Specialty No. 8: Colombia Plays the National Anthem morning and evening: Colombians or one of the largest patriots in the world, Colombian television and radio must play the national anthem at 6 a.m. and 6 p.m. every morning. Some people joke that maybe the government is afraid that people will forget the lyrics.
Feature Nine: Colombians speak Spanish at a higher rate than Spain in Europe: in Colombia, 99.2% speak Spanish, while Spain is 99% Spanish. Colombia has the second largest percentage of the population after Mexico.
Colombia has one-third of the Amazon rainforest: one-third of Colombia is covered with the Amazon rainforest. Most areas can only be walked in by plane or on both feet.
Colombia has only two seasons throughout the year: Colombia belongs to a tropical country located north of the equator, which means that there are no four seasons. Temperatures in Colombia are very stable throughout the year, with only two seasons of the year, independent of temperature and related to rainfall, which are dry and rainy seasons. Colombia even has the same weather all year round in some areas, such as the famous second-largest city, Medellín. The Eternal City is its nickname.
The most beautiful rainbow river in the world: The most beautiful river in the world In Colombia, it was once known as the liquid rainbow. It is said that it is very difficult to get there. The only mode of transportation is by plane, or by horseback. Between September and November each year, it turns into a rainbow color. During this time, the river plants turn red, and with the color of the riverbed bedrock, the reflection in the water creates a five-colored river.
The 12th Characteristic of Colombia: The World's Most Irreplaceable Protected Area: The Sierra Nevada Mountains in northern Colombia are the second highest coastal mountains in the world. You can rise from sea level to 5700 meters above sea level in just 42 kilometers. As it is home to endangered species, the natural area of this mountain range is the most irreplaceable protected area in the world.
Colombian Specialty 13: Wax Palm is the Symbol of Colombia: Carnauba Wax is the national tree and symbol of Colombia. The Colombian government has established a national natural park. If hiking in the Kokkola Valley, a protected forest reserve, is surrounded by 45-meter-high wax palm trees, the tallest palm tree on earth.
Colombian Specialty Xiv: One of the most speciesy countries in the world. Colombia has a large biodiversity: Colombia has more than 5,000 species of organisms. It is one of the most speciesed countries in the world, with more species of butterflies, amphibians, and birds than throughout Europe and North America.
Colombian Specialty No. 15: The Colombian coffee region is named a World Heritage Site: Colombia is the world's largest producer of Arabica coffee beans. If you count all coffee types, Colombia is the third largest producer of coffee in the world. UNESCO has designated Colombia's coffee culture landscape a World Heritage Site.
The Happiest Places in the World: Colombia has been one of the happiest countries in the world for many years. The reason comes from colombians filling out questionnaires based on their own feelings of happiness or unhappiness. According to root statistics, more than 85% of Colombians say they are happy.
The Seventeenth Specialty of Colombia: The Great Work "One Hundred Years of Solitude" and the Greatest Colombian: Márquez wrote one of the best-selling novels in Spanish and won the Nobel Prize in Literature. At his funeral, Márquez was described as "the greatest Colombian ever made." It is no exaggeration to say that many people must have heard of his works - a hundred years of loneliness.
Colombian Specialty 18: Bogotá, one of the highest capital cities in the world. Bogotá is the fourth highest capital in the world. It is 2625 meters above sea level in the morning. It is the highest in cities with more than 3 million people in the world. Half of the world's population lives below 200 meters above sea level.
Colombian Feature 19: Partial road closures every Sunday: Bogotá has the largest network of bicycle roads in South America (300 km). Every Sunday, Bogotá closes 75 kilometres of roads to allow non-motorized vehicles to pass and allow cyclists, roller skaters, and runners to use them without traffic restrictions. This may be the biggest sporting event of the week.