According to the order of the history of the development of seal engraving, it is these five schools that need to strengthen memory after the Ming Dynasty, namely, Wen Peng's "Sanqiao School", He Zhen's "Snow Fishing School", Su Xuan's "Surabaya School", and Zhu Jian's "Deformed Chen" (Zhu Jian 'Abnormal Chen'. The name of this faction is added by us, because the names of the first three factions are given by Zhu Jian, using the founder's number, we follow this naming method) or "Zhu Jian Faction", Wang Guan's "Lou Dong Sect", and then we should talk about Cheng Yi in the early years of the Qing Dynasty, that is, what Mr. Deng Sanmu called "ShePai".
(Seal Engraving Chapter)
The founder of the She school was Cheng Yi, who was a native of She County (present-day Anhui), so the school was named "She Pai". This is different from Zhu Jian's genre naming method, and the standard has been changed to the region where the founder belongs, which is also a lot of problems with Mr. Deng referring to He Zhen's school as "Anhui School".
Cheng Yi (1605-1691), zi Mu Qian, number dirt Daoren, etc. Strictly speaking, he was a man of the late Ming Dynasty, because before 1644 (the qing dynasty ancestor entered the customs), he was already an adult and famous (the biography of the Indians mentioned in the text can be seen in the humble text "Biography of the Indians" series).
The reason why Cheng Yi became the founder of the genre is that he changed the atmosphere of printing and dominating the world. In fact, any founder has one characteristic, innovation!
Cheng's innovation lies in what Mr. Deng said:
"Good fit size seal bell Ding model into the seal, especially thanks to Qin Zhuwen" (Deng Sanmu,"Seal Carving")
This sentence is not entirely correct, Cheng Yi is correct in the way of joining The Ancient Text of Zhong Ding, and the bizarre and staggered method is correct, but the Qin Zhu Wen mentioned later is actually the Zhu WenYin in the Warring States Ancient Seal (in fact, the Qin Seal has almost no Zhu Wen). If you refer to Cheng's works, the most accurate positioning of Cheng Ischow is Zhou Lianggong's "Biography of the Indians":
"But the wise and intelligent people who want to bind the world as a lord and a subject, bow down to the traces, do not dare to have any similarities and differences, let alone the situation or not, I am afraid that it is not uncommon." Therefore, Zhanghai Huang Zihuan and Shen Hesheng corrected it with the "Book of Knowledge", and Liu Yuzhong and Cheng Muqian combined the size of the "Book of Knowledge" into one, and acted in a bizarre and staggered way, wanting to overthrow the first life, although it was a temporary decision, there was also a force to be inevitable. ("The Biography of the Indians< Before huang jishu's seal >))
In short, Cheng Xiao is in a period of alternating old and new, his innovation is born at the right time, when a kind of atmosphere gradually rigid, there must be a new style to make the atmosphere new. Of course, Cheng Yi's works are also very impressive, his white wenyin is no longer used to He Zhen fiercely punching the knife, but directly teaching the Fa Han seal, so the printing style is condensed, simple and thick, and his Zhu Wenyin introduces a large number of large and small seals of the "Book of Knowledge", and then rubs zhu Jian's cutting knife method (in fact, it enriches the knife method, becoming a combination of punching and cutting), so that the knife method is light and heavy, blunt, and fast and late, so the printing style is humble and clumsy. Let's take a look at the works of the two sides in white text:
(Cheng Yi's two-sided white text seal)
Obviously, this is different from He Zhen's fierceness, because he is calm and dignified; it is also different from Su Xuan's peace, because he is simple, compared with Zhu Jian's white seal, it is more complete, and compared with Wang Guan's white seal, it is more calm. Again:
(Cheng Yi and his seal)
These several seals, the words into india have changed, not a small seal, nor a miao seal, but a text or ancient seal book, which is a major breakthrough.
For example, Mr. Deng Sanmu said that there was a problem with Cheng Yi's seal method: "Unfortunately, Liuyi failed to refine the examination, and the seal law was sometimes misguided, although it was big and small, it was not complete." He believes that Cheng Wei is not proficient enough in the Chinese character "Six Books", so the seal law often appears "obedient", in fact, the ancient text into the printing, the book is immature, occasional seal law errors are inevitable, not to mention, high ancient characters, it is difficult to say that the seal law is fixed and unchanged.
The next problem is even more obvious, because Ba Weizu, Hu Tang, and Wang Zhaolong did not jointly call Cheng Wei the "Four Sons of She", they could not be juxtaposed with Cheng Wei, and their birth years were more than 100 years later than Cheng Wei. The real "Four Sons of She" are still debated, but they do not include Cheng Yi, and those similar to Cheng Yi's yinfeng are Dai Benxiao, Shi Tao, Zheng Qi, Zhang Zaixin, and so on. When talking about factions in general, we have already said that the "Four Sons of She" are actually a branch of huizong that is called The "She (or Hui) Sect" of Cheng Wei, the "Four Phoenixes and Eight Monsters Sect" and even the "Deng Sect" of Deng Shiru, and their relationship is not subordinate, as shown in the following figure:
(The position of the Cheng faction in Emperor Huizong)
Of course, there is a lineage relationship between them, for example, the Four Winds and Eight Strange Sect Indians have come from Zhang Zaixin, but because they have the bloodline of the "Eight Mountain People", the strange, obedient, and untamed characteristics of their works are very obvious, and they are completely different from Cheng Yi. And Dong Xun is no matter what, he should be included in the list of "four sons of She".
Relatively speaking, Cheng Yi's She's school, which is relatively ancient and ao, represented by Cheng Xiao; the printing style of "She's Four Sons" has gradually returned to the Orthodox Han Seal, and the words entering India are more "honest" and relatively scholarly, such as Dong Xun's works:
(Dong Xun's work)
The main characteristics of the "four phoenixes and eight monsters" are relatively (not absolutely) strange, ugly, and strange, because they are a group of undesirable small officials (most of them are seven small officials, think of Zheng Banqiao's personality can be known), such as Gao Fenghan's works:
(Works by Gao Fenghan)
As for Deng Shiru's Deng Sect, Mr. Deng listed him in another sect because he was too important, and there was a special chapter later, which will be discussed later.
([Perusal of "Seal Engraving"] No. 27, some of the pictures come from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the original author)