The Eastern Han Dynasty, from 25 AD to 220 AD, a total of 14 emperors, enjoyed 195 years of the country.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Guangwu ZTE</h1>
The reforms of Wang Mang in the new dynasty eventually led to the Rebellion of chimei, and the world was once again in chaos.
It may be that Heaven blessed the Great Han, Liu Bang's ninth grandson Liu Xiu once again ruled the world. As soon as Liu Bang became emperor, he began to eliminate the kings with different surnames, but Unlike Liu Xiu, he did not kill meritorious people, and after rebuilding the Han Dynasty, he rewarded them with high lords and riches, but did not give them real power. In view of the historical lesson that the regime was controlled by powerful ministers and foreign relatives in the last years of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu took strict precautions against meritorious and foreign relatives.
After Liu Xiu took the throne, he focused on rectifying the administration of officials, strengthening the centralization of power, and vigorously developing the economy. During the period of his reign, the production and life destroyed by the turmoil under the world were rapidly restored, and the population and the number of cultivated land increased rapidly, which was called "Guangwu Zhongxing" in history.
In 57 AD, the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu died at the age of 62, and the crown prince Liu Zhuang took the throne, historically known as the Han Ming Emperor.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the rule of Mingzhang</h1>
Emperor Ming of Han followed the system formulated by Emperor Guangwu, continued to advocate Confucianism, strictly used the law of officials, took over the authority, strictly prevented foreign relatives and meritorious deeds from interfering in the government, and made the government clear.
Dou Gu and Geng Bing attacked the Xiongnu in the north, and Ban went beyond the western region
In 73 AD, Emperor Ming of Han ordered Dou Gu and Geng Bing to attack the Northern Xiongnu, causing Ban to surpass the Western Regions. "Therefore all the kingdoms sent their sons into service, and the Western Regions and the Han Dynasty were separated for sixty-five years, and they were restored to the End." In 74 AD, Dou Gu, Geng Bing, and others led a large army to defeat the Northern Xiongnu again, restoring the Western Regions Capital Protector and Peng Ji Lieutenants, and restoring the Han Dynasty's rule over the Western Regions.
In 75 AD, Emperor Ming of Han died at the age of 48, and Emperor Zhang of Han ascended the throne.
In the early days of Emperor Zhangdi's reign, there was chaos at the border pass again, the Northern Xiongnu launched a counterattack on the western region, and the Han and Hungarians launched a battle for the western region, and the Han army stationed in the western region was completely defeated. Emperor Zhangdi of Han sent reinforcements to rescue the border crisis. However, due to limited manpower and material resources, Emperor Zhangdi of Han decided to abandon his rule over the Western Regions. Because Ban Chao requested to stay in the Western Regions, Emperor Zhangdi of Han agreed, and Ban Chao united the local people in the Western Regions, effectively curbing the invasion of the Han by the Northern Xiongnu and laying a solid foundation for the close exchanges between the Han and the Western Regions in the future.
During the reign of Emperor Mingzhang, he inherited the legacy of Guangwu and continued to implement the policy of resting with the people. Politically, it was lenient and strict, and it was necessary to strictly guard against foreign relatives and courtiers; in the social economy, it repeatedly issued edicts to appease the displaced people and to provide for the widows and the poor; it also completed the repair and management of the Canal; culturally, vigorously promoted Confucianism, resulting in a pure people's customs and social stability. In the last years of the Guangwu Emperor, the population of the whole country was more than 21 million, and by the end of the Han Zhang Emperor, the population had reached more than 43 million. History records that "the world is peaceful and the people are rich", known as "the rule of Ming Zhang".
In 88 AD, Emperor Zhang of Han died at the age of 33. Emperor Liu Zhao of Han ascended the throne, honoring his mother Empress Dou as empress dowager, and Emperor Hanhe was only 10 years old, and Empress Dowager Dou was in power.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > foreign relations and Yongyuan Long</h1>
Empress Dowager Dou wielded power, and her brothers Dou Xian, Dou Jing, Dou Huan, Dou Du, and others all held important positions in the court, and many local officials also had Dou's cronies. The Dou brothers held their power in a dictatorial position, committed crimes for wrongdoing, and declared personal vendettas, and all those who were dissatisfied with them were oppressed.
After quelling the Rebellion of the Xiongnu, Dou Xian was even more proud of his merits, and plotted with his henchmen Guo and Deng to murder Han he and emperor, and was detected by Han he. Han and the emperor could not get close to the ministers, and only eunuchs lived with them. In the end, Emperor Han and Emperor He conspired with the eunuch Zheng Zhong and others to use a plan to wipe out the Dou, Guo, and Deng clans, guo and Tang clans were cursed, the Dou brothers were forced to commit suicide, and those implicated were dismissed from their official duties and returned to their hometowns. The Dou clan's monopoly ended, but the eunuchs began to take power, and the dispute between eunuchs and foreign relatives began.
Emperor He of Han was 14 years old and pro-government, and after he pro-government, he never neglected political affairs, and was known as "labor and humility have an end". Emperor He of Han issued many edicts to reduce taxes, resettle displaced people, recruit sages, etc., and also advocated leniency in the legal system, surrendering to the Xiongnu in foreign relations, and pacifying the countries in the western region, resulting in the eastern Han Dynasty's national strength reaching its peak, and the population and the number of cultivated land were greatly increased, known in history as "The Long of Yongyuan".
In 106 AD, Emperor He of Han died at the age of 27, and his young son Liu Long, who was born shortly after 100 days, succeeded to the throne, known as Emperor Han, and empress dowager Deng Suilin listened to the government.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Empress Deng controlled the government</h1>
Emperor Han died after only 221 days on the throne, the youngest emperor in Chinese history to succeed to the throne, just 100 days old. He was referred to by historians as the "August Emperor" or "Hundred Days Emperor".
After the death of Emperor Wu of Han, Empress Deng conspired with her brother Deng Xiao (zhì) and others to establish Liu Hu (hù), the grandson of Emperor Liu Zhang of Han and the son of Liu Qing the Prince of Qinghe. Liu Hu had just turned 13 when he ascended the throne, and was known as Emperor An of Han.
After Emperor An of Han succeeded to the throne, the power of the imperial government was still in the hands of Empress Deng, who reused the eunuchs Zheng Zhong, Cai Lun, and her foreign relatives Deng Qi, and the government was gradually controlled by foreign relatives and eunuchs.
In 121 AD, Empress Deng died, and Emperor An of Han took the throne.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > eunuchs and foreign relatives sat on the throne, the imperial power was weakened, and the government was chaotic</h1>
After Emperor An of Han took power, he attacked Tang's foreign relatives and promoted eunuchs, who sat on the throne. The contradiction between the courtiers and the eunuchs became increasingly acute, and the courtiers led by Yang Zhen wrote to Emperor Han'an to restrain the eunuchs, but Emperor Han'an ignored them, so that Yang Zhen was persecuted to death by the eunuchs. Emperor An of Han favored Empress Yan, and Empress Yan was childless and jealous, so that the harem was discordant and the crown prince was difficult to stand.
In short, during the reign of Emperor Han Ande, the politics were dark, the social contradictions were sharp, and natural and man-made disasters were equally important.
In 125 AD, Emperor An of Han fell ill and died on a trip south. After the death of Emperor An of Han, Empress Yan, in order to control the government, with the support of Yan's relatives, welcomed Liu Yi, the Marquis of Beixiang, and was known as The Young Emperor.
Liu Yi was a cousin of Emperor An of Han, who had no right to inherit, but was chosen by Empress Yan because of his young age. Empress Yan was regent of the Dynasty. Liu Yi died of illness just over two hundred days after he ascended the throne. The Yan clan wanted to choose another young son from the imperial family to succeed to the throne, and nineteen eunuchs, including Sun Cheng of the Zhonghuang Gate, jointly welcomed Liu Bao, the eldest son of Emperor An of Han, to succeed him, known as Emperor Shun of Han.
Leung's monopoly
After Emperor Hanshun succeeded to the throne, Yan's foreign relatives were killed, and Sun Cheng and nineteen other eunuchs were all enfeoffed, and Emperor Hanshun handed over power to the eunuchs.
Eunuchs colluded with their foreign relatives, the Liang clan, and the power was arbitrary, the Han Dynasty was politically corrupt, and the contradictions between various social classes intensified.
In 144 AD, Emperor Shun of Han died at the age of 30. Crown Prince Liu Bing succeeded him as emperor, and was known as Emperor Chong of Han. Emperor Chong of Han honored Emperor Shun of Han with empress dowager Liang Fei as empress dowager, empress dowager Liang was the regent of the dynasty, and her cousin Liang Ji was in power.
During the reign of Emperor Chong of Han, Empress Dowager Liang's brother Liang Ji (梁冀) served as a general and had monopoly power, and the people did not have a good life.
In 145 AD, Emperor Chong of Han died at the age of 2. Empress Dowager Liang and Liang Jili were only 8 years old, and Liu Yi( Liu Yi, who was only 8 years old, was made emperor by history, and was known as emperor of Han. Empress Liang took advantage of this to remain regent of the dynasty as empress dowager, and her cousin Liang Ji seized power.
The courtiers were dissatisfied with Liang Ji's monopoly on power and wrote letters one after another. Emperor Han was also dissatisfied with Liang Ji, accusing him of being a "general" in front of his courtiers, causing Liang Ji to be dissatisfied.
In 146 AD, Emperor Han was poisoned by Liang Ji at the age of 9. Emperor Han was childless, and Liang Ji held the Empress Dowager Fu Festival to welcome Liu Zhi, who was only 15 years old, and was known as Emperor Huan of Han. Empress Dowager Liang was in charge of the government, and Liang Ji held great power.
Eunuchs are in power
In 150 AD, Empress Liang fell seriously ill and returned to Liu Zhi on her deathbed. In order to appease the Liang clan, Emperor Huan of Han not only did not restrain Liang Ji but gave more preferential treatment, and Liang Ji still did not know how to restrain himself.
In 159, Emperor Huan of Han joined forces with eunuchs to attack the Liang clan, and Liang Ji usually had many grievances, and soon Liang Mansion was taken, Liang Ji committed suicide with his wife, dozens of Liang clan relatives were executed, and more than 300 officials were implicated and deposed. Emperor Huan of Han enfeoffed five eunuchs who conspired with him, and the eunuchs held great power from then on.
The corruption of eunuchs was more serious than that of foreign relatives, which led to the dissatisfaction of the scholars, and the Hao clan and the Tai students united against the eunuchs, and were falsely accused by the eunuchs of forming a party and slandering the imperial court. As a result, li bing and more than 200 other "party members" were arrested, causing the famous "disaster of the party" in history. As a result, the upright scholar was excluded from the court. The politics of the Eastern Han Dynasty were even more chaotic.
At this time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was already in internal and external difficulties and the national treasury was empty. However, Emperor Huan of Han ignored the status quo and raised tens of thousands of palace women for his sexual pleasures. The ruling class headed by Emperor Huan of Han was extravagant and corrupt, and even betrayed officials and lords, corrupting the rule of officials, corrupt officials and corrupt officials to plunder the people, and even heavier the burden of the people's lives.
In 167 AD, Emperor Huan of Han died at the age of 36. Emperor Huan of Han was childless, and Empress Dou Miao, who was only 12 years old, greeted Liu Hong, who was known as Emperor Ling of Han.
During the reign of Emperor Hanling, eunuchs and foreign relatives fought for power seriously, and in the end the eunuchs won, and Emperor Hanling favored the eunuchs, and even crowned the twelve zhongchang attendants at one time, known in history as "Ten Constant Attendants". Eunuchs held great power, and the Great Han Dynasty was in jeopardy, while the Han Ling Emperor believed that the world was stable, bent on pleasure, and rarely paid attention to political affairs.
In 169 AD, Zhang Jian, the governor of Shanyang County, impeached Hou Lan of Changshi, who was falsely accused of forming a party and plotting against him, which led to the "second disaster of the party", and as many as 600 to 700 people were persecuted and killed by this political disaster.
He Guiren, who was of a humble origin, was made empress because of the birth of the emperor's eldest son Liu Wei, and Empress He's eldest brother He Jin and second brother He Miao both held important positions in the court, and for a while, the He family was full of glory.
In 184 AD, the Taiping Daoists launched the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and the Taiping Daoists rose up, and the prefectures and counties were immediately lost. In order to avoid the alliance between the "party members" and the rebel army, the Han Ling Emperor had no choice but to dismiss the party and organize officers and soldiers to put down the rebellion. Since then, the world's rebellion has risen one after another. In suppressing the uprising, the imperial court delegated power to the localities, thus creating a situation of warlord division.
In 189 AD, the Han Ling Emperor died at the age of 34. The eldest son, Liu Wei, at the age of 13, succeeded to the throne and was known as Emperor Shao of Han. When Emperor Shao of Han was young, Empress He was in charge of the imperial court, and her foreign relative He Jinguan worshiped the general and controlled the imperial court.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > eunuchs to compete with foreign relatives for power, and dong Zhuo was introduced to Beijing</h1>
During the reign of Emperor Shao of Han, the Eastern Han Dynasty had already existed in name only, and foreign relatives and eunuchs competed for power.
He Jin wanted to eliminate the eunuch forces, but Empress He opposed him, and He Jin listened to the advice of yuan Shao, the leader of the scholars, and asked Dong Zhuo of the Northwest Army to lead troops into Beijing, forcing Empress He to agree, and assisting him in eliminating the eunuch forces. He Jin agreed to Yuan Shao's suggestion. However, the matter leaked, and the eunuch took the lead in killing He Jin. Yuan Shao and others heard the news and brought troops into the palace and massacred the eunuchs, and Zhang Rang and other eunuchs lied that the general's subordinates were plotting rebellion, and took the opportunity to coerce Empress He, Emperor Shao of Han, King Chen Liu, and others to flee. When the soldiers arrived, Zhang Rang and other eunuchs committed suicide by throwing themselves into the river.
At this point, the power of foreign relatives and eunuchs was also exhausted, and Dong Zhuo, who had been ordered by He Jin to enter the capital as the "King of Qin", reaped the benefits of the fisherman. After Dong Zhuo entered The Capital, he declared himself Sikong and his power fell to the opposition
。 Because Dong Zhuo had a heavy army in his hands, he almost dared to oppose him.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Dong Zhuo's rebellion</h1>
In 189, dong Zhuo, in order to establish his prestige, forced Empress He to depose The Young Emperor of Han as the King of Hongnong, and established Liu Xie, the 9-year-old Chen Liu King, as emperor, and was known as Emperor Xian of Han. From then on, Liu Xie began his long career as a puppet emperor.
After Liu Xie ascended the throne, Dong Zhuo proclaimed himself a chancellor and later a Taishi, completely controlling the central government. Dong Zhuo's army plundered property and raped women in Luoyang. In 190 AD, local forces rebelled against Dong Zhuo, who feared that they would harm him on the grounds that King Hongnong had been restored to the throne, so he killed the 15-year-old Emperor Shao of Han and Empress He.
Dong Zhuo's perverse actions caused dissatisfaction among the local princes in the Central Plains, who raised troops in the name of currying favor with Dong Zhuo and elected Yuan Shao as their ally to form a coalition army in the Kwantung Dynasty to fight against Dong Zhuo. Dong Zhuo, threatened by the Kwantung Army, held Liu Xie hostage and moved the capital from Luoyang to Chang'an
Due to the infighting in the Kwantung Army and the rupture of the Allied forces, the crusade against Dong Zhuo ended in failure. At the same time, warlords from all over the world attacked each other to increase their own strength.
In 192, the chancellor Wang Yun instigated Dong Zhuo's subordinate Lü Bu to murder Dong Zhuo, and Dong Zhuo's rebellion ended. Soon, however, Dong Zhuo's generals Li Dai and Guo Feng made a comeback, and Wang Yun was killed. After that, Li Dai and Guo Feng fought among themselves, and the Han Xian emperor Liu Xie and his subjects fled back to Luoyang.
In 196 AD, Cao Cao took emperor Xian of Han hostage and moved the capital to Xuchang, successfully "blackmailing the son of heaven to order the princes", after which Cao Cao gradually took power in the imperial court. Although Cao Cao tried to use Liu Xie to achieve his goal of unifying China, he did not dare to directly replace him and establish himself as emperor.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > Cao Pi usurper</h1>
In 220, Cao Cao, the King of Wei, died and was succeeded by his son Cao Pi, who forced Liu Xiechan to give him the throne.
Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty, fixed the capital Luoyang, changed the name of the country to "Wei", the history was called "Cao Wei", the Eastern Han Dynasty fell, and Chinese history entered the Three Kingdoms period.