The Paper's reporter Zhang Jing
With the release of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine and the Nobel Prize in Physics, the annual "Nobel Prize Time" is officially staged. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, known as the "Comprehensive Prize in Science", will be announced on the evening of October 6, Beijing time.
On November 27, 1895, Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosives, signed a will to establish a series of awards for the bulk of his estate, the Nobel Prize. According to his wishes, some of them are awarded to "the person who made the most important chemical discoveries or improvements".
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was first awarded in 1901 by the Dutch chemist Jacobs Henriques Van Toff for his contributions to the discovery of the laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure in solutions and to stereochemistry and the theory of chemical equilibrium.
The prize money for the Nobel Prize comes from interest or investment income from funds established by Nobel. As the returns of the Nobel Fund change, the prize money of the Nobel Prize fluctuates. The single prize in 2021 is SEK 10 million, or about 7.4 million RMB.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in History (1901-2020)
112 times
From 1901 to 2020, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was promulgated 112 times. Eight years were not awarded, namely 1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940, 1941 and 1942.
63 times
Of the 112 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry awarded, 63 were awarded to only one laureate, 24 to two at the same time, and 25 to three at the same time.
185 people
From 1901 to 2020, there were 186 Nobel laureates in chemistry. Frederick Sanger was the only one to have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice, in 1958 and 1980. This also means that the number of people who have actually won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry is 185.
35 years old
The youngest winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Frédéric Joliot, who won the prize in 1935 with his wife, Irène Joliot-Curie, when he was only 35 years old. In 1934, Frederick Joliot-Curie and his wife published a paper in the journal Nature titled "Artificial Production of a New Type of Radioactive Element." For this paper, the couple won the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
97 years old
The oldest Nobel laureate in chemistry to date is John B. Goodenough, who was 97 years old when he won the chemistry prize in 2019. Goodenough is also the oldest scientist to date when he won the Nobel Prize. Prior to that, the record was held by Arthur Ashkin, who won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics at the age of 96.
clan
The Curie family is the most successful "Nobel Prize family". In 1903, Marie Curie and her husband Pierre Curie were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. In 1911, Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1935, Marie Curie's eldest daughter, Irena Jorio-Curie, and husband Frederick Joliot-Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Marie Curie's youngest daughter, Ève Curie, works for UNICEF, and her husband, Henri Curie, works for UNICEF. Henry R. Labouisse accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of UNICEF in 1965.
7 women
A total of 7 women in history have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In 1911, Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
In 1935, Irena Joliot-Curie and her husband, Frederick Jolio Curie, won the prize.
In 1964, British biochemist Dorothy Mary Hodgkin won the prize.
In 2009, Israeli scientist Ada Yonat and two others won the prize.
In 2018, American scientist Francis Arnold and two others won the prize together.
In 2020, French scientist Emmanuel Carpentier won the prize alongside American biologist Jennifer Doudna.
Winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for nearly five years
The 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna for their contributions "through the development of genome editing methods."
The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to John B. Goodenough, Stanley Wittingham, and M. Wittingham. Stanley Whittingham) and Akira Yoshino in recognition of their contributions to the field of lithium-ion batteries.
The 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to American scientist Frances H. Arnold, American scientist George P. Smith, and British scientist Gregory P. Winter for their contributions in the areas of "Directed Evolution of Enzymes" and "Phage Display Techniques for Peptides and Antibodies."
The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson for developing cryo-electron microscopy technology.
The 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to French scientist Jean-Pierre Sauvage and American scientist J. Berger. Fraser Stoddart and Dutch scientist Bernard L. Feringa were awarded for "The Design and Synthesis of Molecular Machines."
Editor-in-Charge: Li Yuequn
Proofreader: Yijia Xu