In the twelfth year of the Duke of Luding, the Fall of the Three Capitals incident occurred in the State of Lu, which was the biggest thing that Confucius did after the regency of the State of Lu, and it was also one of the most influential events in his life. The so-called fall is the meaning of demolition, and the three capitals are the castles of the three masters of the Lu Kingdom, namely the Shusun clan's Yiyi, the Jisun clan's Yiyi, and the Mengsun clan's Yiyi.
In the Zhou Dynasty, the aristocratic Caiyi division system was implemented, and the doctors of each princely state had their own food estates, but these doctors all lived in the capital of the country, and then appointed their vassals to manage the food estates. For the sake of national security, these food estates implemented a system of integration of soldiers and farmers, and in peacetime they were farmers who farmed for the nobility, and in the event of war, these people would take up arms and participate in the battle.
With the development of the times, the strength of these food estates has grown stronger and stronger, and they have built high walls, and because there is grain and army in these food estates, the courtiers appointed by the scholars have become real power factions.
Originally, this structure gave the scholars the strength to compete with the monarch, but what the scholars did not expect was that the courtiers they had appointed to the food gradually had the strength to compete with the scholars, which complicated the relationship between zhou Tianzi, the princes, the scholars, and the courtiers.
In the fifth year of the Duke of Lu Zhao, the Three Huan family divided the four offices, and they divided the population and territory of the State of Lu into four parts, and a quarter of them belonged to the King of the State of Lu, and the remaining three were given to Ji Sun, Meng Sun and Uncle Sun, in fact, a quarter of the income of the King of the State of Lu was also managed by the Ji clan. In this way, the King of Lu had nothing, and he was completely controlled by the Three Huans. However, Sanhuan was also controlled by their vassals, for example, before the Yanghu Rebellion, the economic and political power of the Ji family was in the hands of the retainer Yang hu.
Confucius had always wanted to restore the actual position of the lu monarch, and if he wanted to achieve this goal, he would have to weaken the strength of the Three Huans, and to weaken the strength of the Three Huans, he would have to start with their food. After Confucius was photographed by the Grand Sikou, he wanted to solve the Problem of the Three Huans, and the method he adopted was to use the Three Huans to attack the idea of his subjects.
The Sacred Relics of the Fallen Three Capitals, vol. 1. Qing Guyuan, ed. , v. Kong Jiyao drawing Qing Daoguang six years Wu Men Zhi Yan Tang Gu clan engraving
According to the regulations of the Zhou Dynasty, the Doctor's family was not allowed to have armor and weapons, and the walls of their food estates had specific regulations: the height could not exceed one zhang, and the length could not exceed a hundred pheasants. In ancient times, a pheasant was three zhang, and a hundred pheasants was three hundred zhang long. At that time, the walls built by Jisun, Mengsun and Shusun all exceeded this regulation, so Confucius suggested to Lu Jun that the super high parts of the three shiyi castles should be demolished. At that time, the monarch of the State of Lu was already empty, and such a decision must be agreed to by Sanhuan, who also agreed to Confucius's proposal because he did not care about the tail.
The reason for Sanhuan's consent is directly related to the rebellion of Guoyi, who is the Caiyi of the Uncle Sun clan. During the reign of Duke Lu Ding, Yi Zai was shusun Ruo, who was the son of Shusun's clan, and the character Gongruo was known as Ruogong. In the tenth year of the Duke of Luding, the uncle sun zhaozi, the head of the uncle sun clan, died, and the uncle Sun Zhaozi proposed in his will to make uncle Sun Wu the heir of the uncle sun clan, but if the uncle sun objected, uncle Sun Wu still became the head of the family.
After Uncle Wu succeeded to the throne, Uncle Sun Ruo remained dissatisfied, so Uncle Sun Wu instructed his courtier Nan Gong to assassinate Uncle Sun Ruo. Nangong sent a dark arrow to shoot Shusun Ruo, but did not hit him. When Uncle Wu saw that the plot had failed, he was afraid that Uncle Sun Ruo knew that he had arranged it himself, so he sent Uncle Sun Ruo to be The Emperor.
Later, Uncle Wu secretly asked Ma Zhenghou of Haoyi to continue to assassinate Shusun Ruo, but Hou Hou was unwilling to do this, so Uncle Wu instructed Hou's imperial husband to assassinate Shusun Ruo. However, after Shusun Ruo's death, Haoyi was controlled by Hou Prisoner, and he did not obey Uncle Wu's command, so Uncle Wu mobilized his army and joined forces with Meng Wuji to attack Yiyi. However, due to the strong walls of Haoyi and did not attack it, Uncle Wu and Si Zhengnan borrowed troops from the State of Qi to attack Yiyi, but still did not attack.
Uncle Wu secretly summoned the engineer Inc. Lang Si Chi, and Uncle Wu told Uncle Wu Chi that the rebellion of Hao Yi not only threatened the Shu Sun family, but also was a scourge to the State of Lu. Lang Si chi replied that his heart was like the "Yang Zhi Shui" in the "Book of Poetry and Tang Feng", and his unspoken intention would be to obey Uncle Wu's arrangement, but this matter must be kept strictly confidential.
After returning to Yiyi, He told Hou That Yi was between the State of Qi and the State of Lu, and that it was impossible to pursue independence, and that now that he had betrayed the State of Lu, he would try to submit to the State of Qi. Hou Xian followed his advice and sent the register of the household registration of Guoyi to the State of Qi to take over, but Lang Sichi privately released the words that if the Qi people took over The Qi people would move the people of The Qiyi to other places. When the emissaries of the State of Qi came to Yiyi to negotiate, there was a riot in Yiyi, and Hou Guan could not control the situation, so he fled to the State of Qi.
This incident also made the State of Qi feel that they could not really control Yiyi, so they returned the register of Yiyi to the State of Lu, which allowed Uncle Wu to take back Yiyi, but the people of Yiyi still did not listen to Uncle Wu's command. At this time, Confucius had already arranged for some disciples to be the vassals of the Three Huans, such as the Ji family courtiers who were Zilu, so Confucius sent Zilu to implement the Plan of Falling Capital. Confucius first proposed that he want to fall to Yiyi, and Shusun agreed with this suggestion, and Uncle Wu appointed Zilu as Guoyi Zai, and then Zilu led people into Yiyi, reducing the walls of Yiyi by three feet, and then Uncle Wu appointed Lang Sichi as Yizai.
The first goal of the fallen three capitals was achieved, and Confucius wanted to continue to work hard and continue to reduce the height of the walls of the other two food estates. The Twelve Years of Zuo Chuan Ding Gong contains:
Zhongyu is the Ji clan zai, and will fall into the three capitals. So the Uncle Sun clan fell. The Ji clan will fall to the expense, gongshan buhu, uncle and grandson Shuai feiren to attack Lu. Gong and his third son entered the palace of the Ji clan and ascended to the platform of the Wuzi. Fei Ren attacked, Falk. Into and on the male side. Zhongni ordered Shen Shu and Le Qi to cut it down, and Fei Renbei. The people of the country chased after him and defeated them. The second son, Ben qi. Fall fees. The father of the Gong Dynasty said to Meng Sun: "Fall into it, and the Qi people will come to the North Gate." And Cheng, the guarantee of Meng's also, no success, is no Meng's also. If the Son does not know, I will not fall. ”
Winter December, the public fence is formed, Fock.
Thirty volumes of the Spring and Autumn Left Transmission of Du Notes. Qing Yao Peiqian Written In the eleventh year of the Qianlong Dynasty, the Wu County Lu Clan Xiao Yu Lin carved book
The second goal of the Fallen Three Capitals was to fall into the Fa (鄪), and the Jisun clan agreed to this plan, but Fei Yi Zai Gongshan Buhu and Shusun Yuan disagreed. They felt that if the walls of Feiyi were demolished, they would be in danger, so when Ji Huanzi's army came to demolish the walls of Feiyi, Gongshan Buhu and Shusun Yuan led the Fei people to avoid the truth and directly attacked qufu, the capital of the State of Lu. After they invaded Qufu, they surrounded Jiwuzitai and had already reached Lu Dinggong's side, and at the critical moment, Confucius calmly and calmly commanded Sima Shen and Lexin to lead the troops to rush down Jiwuzitai. At this time, the Lu army surrounded the rebels from the outside, the Fei people saw that the situation was not good, and immediately retreated, and the Lu army chased fei until Gu Contempt, and defeated the Fei army there. Gongshan Buhu and his uncle Had to flee to the State of Qi, so the walls of Feiyi were demolished.
The next step will be to demolish the walls of Chengcheng (郕) City, chengyi is the food of the Mengsun clan, and Chengyi Zai is the father of the gong. This person is very clever, he has already guessed the true purpose of Confucius's fall into the three capitals, he told Meng Yizi that once the walls of Chengcheng are fallen, the Qi people will definitely hit the north gate, and Chengyi is the strong backing of mengsun, without Chengcheng there is no Mengsun clan, so you must not destroy Chengcheng, but since you have promised to fall into the city, now you pretend not to know, I am determined to defend Chengcheng.
Meng Yizi followed the advice of Gong Shu's father and did not destroy Chengcheng, so the King of Lu sent troops to besiege Chengyi, but because the walls of Chengcheng were strong, they were not breached, and at this point, the plan of the fallen three capitals ended in failure.
This gongfu father was indeed extraordinary, and he was credited to the Meng Sun clan during the Yanghu Rebellion. The Eighth Year of Zuo Chuan Ding Gong contains:
Yang Hu robbed Gong and Uncle Wu to cut down the Meng clan. Gong Shuo's father was an adult, entering from the upper east gate, fighting with the Yang clan inside the south gate, and Fu Sheng. He fought under the thorns again, and the Yang clan was defeated. Yang Hu said that Jia ru GongGong, take the treasure jade with a big bow, give up in the five fathers' Qu, sleep and feed. His disciple: "Chase him to the end." Tiger Yue: "The Lu people smell the rest and are happy to die, so why should they chase after the rest?" The slave said, "Hey! Speed driving, Gong Yu Yang is in. "Gong Huoyang, please chase after him, Meng Sun Fu xu." Yang wanted to kill Huanzi, and Meng Sun returned in fear.
Yang Hu kidnapped Lu Dinggong and Uncle Wu to attack the Mengsun clan, and Gong Hu led the Chengyi people to enter from the East Gate and fought against yang's army at the South Gate, but did not win, and then they turned to the thorns and finally defeated Yang Hu. At that time, Yang Hu took off his armor and thought that he was relieved, but his men were afraid that Gong Huo's father would lead the army to pursue him, but Meng Yizi prevented Gong Huo's father from pursuing Yang Hu's idea. This shows that Gong Shu's father was brave and had a brain, which is why Meng Yizi listened to his advice.
Ji Huanzi and Uncle Sun Wu saw that Chengyi had not been destroyed, and they gradually woke up, so they restored the demolished walls of Feiyi and Yiyi, and the final result was that the fall of the three capitals was unsuccessful. Confucius's failure to complete such a large plan made the hearts of future generations who loved him unwilling, and Cui Shu said in the "Letters of Su Si Kao":
The "History of confucius's family" was surrounded by things that before going to Lu, it was because he went to Lu for fourteen years. This year to Lu is between the autumn and winter of the twelfth year, and the "Spring and Autumn" book is surrounded, but in december of the same year, then it is undoubtedly after going to Lu. And he does not know that he is surrounded by His Fook, and he is surrounded by Foke, and he is dismissed; and acting rashly, with a beginning and an end, is not the work of a saint, and he who does not wait to be discerned.
After examination, Cui Dongbi believed that the siege of Chengcheng was actually a matter after Confucius left the State of Lu, and the implication was that if Confucius was in charge of the government of the State of Lu at that time, he would never have such a beginning and an end, and he would definitely take Chengcheng down. But Confucius did dominate the Fall of the Three Capitals, and Han He Xiu said in the Spring and Autumn Ram Transmission: "郈, the food of the Shusun clan. Fei, the food of the Ji clan. The second master slaughtered the officials to count the rebellions, and asked Confucius, confucius said: "Accompany the ministers to the country's orders, collect the long number of rebels, sit in the city and have the solidity of the city, and the family has the treasure of the armored soldiers." Ji Shi said that his words were depraved. ”
The Spring and Autumn Ram Sutra Commentary, 12 volumes. Han Ho Hugh. Tang Lu Deming YinYi Qing Daoguang Four Years Yangzhou Wang Clan Ask Auditorium Film Publication Southern Song Dynasty Shao Xi Yu Clan Ten Thousand Scrolls Hall Ben
The ruins of the old city in Tanaka
At that time, Sanhuan was plagued by the rebellion of the family ministers, especially the Jisun and Shusun families, such as the Jisun clan had the Nanpu Rebellion in the twelfth year of the Zhaogong, and the Shusun clan had the Rebellion of the Vertical Bull in the fifth year of the Zhaogong, so the Sanhuan were very wary of the use of the castle to strengthen their strength. According to He Xiu, Ji Sun and Uncle Sun took the initiative to ask Confucius how to solve this problem, so Confucius took the opportunity to propose the plan of the Fall of the Three Capitals.
There is a small house nearby
Why is it an opportunity? In fact, Confucius's greater purpose was to restore the actual leadership of the Lu monarch, but he could not tell Sanhuan of this idea, because it was sanhuan who divided the strength of the Lu monarch. It was just that Sanhuan did not expect that their respective vassals had encroached on their strength, so Confucius nominally helped Sanhuan to attack the courtiers, but in fact he was weakening sanhuan's strength. The Zhuzi Language Class contains the following dialogue:
Question: "If you want to come out and do things now, you must also succeed or fail, and there is no reason why you will succeed." "Solidly." And as Confucius did, it must also be seen that there is a place where it must be accomplished. But if there are villains who are depressed, they must not be heaven. Confucius was in Lu at the time, and all belonged to Ji Huanzi. Its fall into the three capitals is to take advantage of its opportunity, and it is also difficult. ”
Wen Bao in the woods
Zhu Xi said that it is not easy to achieve anything, and Confucius's plan to fall into the Three Capitals is something that Confucius took advantage of. Zhu Xi even made it clear: "When the master falls into the three capitals, he is also hiding from the three families." If the Ji clan has fallen into the operation, and the weicheng, the gong will not accept the father, saying: 'If there is no success, there is no Meng clan also!' 'Then Lian Ji Clan woke up. ”
There are two ways to write a word
The back of the wenbao card
It was precisely because gongfu saw Confucius's motives that he resolutely resisted, because the success of the resistance awakened Ji Huanzi, so that all three families understood Confucius's true purpose. So why didn't Sanhuan doubt Confucius's true motives at first? Su Shi said: "If you fall into the name of the capital and come out of the Tibetan armor, and the three Huans do not suspect that they are harming themselves, there will be those who believe without words, and those who are not angry but threatening." (On Confucius)
Follow the embankment
It seems that Confucius at that time was already very authoritative, so the three families did not suspect that Confucius was coming for them. What would have been the result if Confucius had successfully completed the Plan to Fall into the Three Capitals? Tong Shuye said in the "Spring and Autumn Left Transmission Study": "To cover the map of Confucius, objectively implement the centralized bureaucracy. If Confucius succeeded, Confucius and his disciples would have been in charge of lu government, and his generation would have been subject to Gu Lu, without feudal land and without patriarchal relations, and was actually the earliest bureaucrat. The historical significance of Confucius's reforms is also the abandonment of the 'patriarchal feudal' relationship in this part and the implementation of an incomplete centralized bureaucracy. ”
guardrail
Unfortunately, history has no if, and the fall of the three has failed after all. Sanhuan also understood Confucius's true purpose, and it was impossible to continue to live in peace, so Confucius found an excuse to leave the country of Lu and began his journey around the world.
mesa
On December 18, 2020, I went to visit the ruins of Chengcheng, which is located between Nangucheng Village and Xigucheng Village in Dongzhuang Township, Ningyang County, Shandong Province. Today, taking the car of Xiao Xu of Qilu Book Club, led by Mr. Kong Shuai, we set off from Wenshang County, drove for nearly two hours, and saw the Wenbao brand of Chengcheng Ancient City on the edge of the village. The finished words of the two wenbao cards are two ways of writing, which can be seen that the local use is also mixed.
Climb this band
Wen Baopai is in a forest, behind which is an endless field, and there is no trace of the ancient city wall standing here. After driving five hundred meters along a trail, I saw a tall mound in the field, thinking that this was my target. But from this side can not find the road to the ancient city wall, Xiao Xu turned on a dirt road, driving out of more than a hundred meters, there are large pits on the ground can not pass, so I had to get off the car, Kong Shuai took me on foot to explore.
Unable to reach the top
Residual appearance
Stepping on the dung in the field, I walked toward the big mound. After walking out of more than two hundred meters, I finally came to the near front, but it was covered with wild grass, and several layers of terraces were formed, and the two of us circled around the terrace, and we couldn't find the path to the top, but I could only see a sign tower on the top in the distance.
twittering
Flag Tower
Nearby factory buildings
On the other side, however, I found a slightly wider road, and there were some poplar trees on the side of the road, and there were hundreds of birds standing in the trees, and I came closer, and they were not alarmed, but there they were chattering about something, thinking that they were laughing at why these two fools were trying to climb this big mound. I could hear the disdain in their voices, so I picked up a lump of soil and threw it at the branches, but none of the birds flew away, and this calmness frustrated me.
East
West
Lonely nest
In the end, he did not find the place to climb the summit, so he had to return the same way, and when he walked to the vicinity of the Wenbao Plate, Fang saw that there was also a text engraved on the back, which read, "The Ancient City of Qicheng, the Site of the Ancient City of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty." And the scope of protection of the surrounding area is listed, and the relevant legal responsibilities are stated at the same time. Such a cultural protection card is very rare in other places.