This afternoon (December 28), the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter and health tips during the New Year's Day.
01.
This week's number of respiratory disease diagnoses and treatments has increased compared to last week
Mi Feng, spokesman of the National Health Commission, said that this week, the number of outpatient and emergency respiratory disease diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions across the country has increased compared with last week. At present, influenza is the main respiratory disease, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is declining, and the incidence of new coronavirus infection is at a low level. Medical services in various regions tend to be the same season in previous years.
Mi Feng introduced that the New Year's Day holiday is approaching, the flow of people has increased, visiting relatives and friends, traveling, gatherings and dinners has increased, and the risk of respiratory disease transmission has increased. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring, early warning and risk assessment, timely grasp the epidemiological characteristics of different pathogens and changes in the pathogen spectrum, and dynamically issue health risk warnings. Do a good job in food safety risk monitoring and foodborne disease surveillance. It is necessary to increase the overall planning of medical resources, enrich the medical forces of outpatient and emergency, pediatrics, respiratory, and critical diseases, and strengthen the preparation of commonly used drugs, testing reagents, medical equipment, and admission beds in medical institutions. Fever clinics in hospitals at or above the second level and fever clinics in primary medical and health institutions should be set up and opened as much as possible. It is necessary to be strictly on duty, complete and strong forces, and strengthen the medical emergency rescue and handling work in extreme disasters such as low temperature, rain, snow, and freezing. Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases should enhance their awareness of self-protection, pay attention to cold protection and warmth, regular work and rest, seek medical attention in time when they feel unwell, and prevent the adverse effects of cold weather on health. Key venues such as schools, elderly care, childcare, and social welfare institutions, as well as places with confined spaces, should do a good job of personnel health monitoring, personal protection, ventilation and disinfection, and access management.
It is necessary to further do a good job in the management of health services for key populations such as the elderly, children, pregnant women, and patients with chronic underlying diseases, do a good job of daily health monitoring, and identify and intervene early when risks occur. During the festival, we should continue to adhere to good hygiene Xi such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, and maintaining social distance, and advocate a healthy and civilized lifestyle such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and combining work and rest.
02.
The JN.1 variant may gradually become a domestic epidemic strain
Peng Zhibin, director of the Department of Respiratory Infectious Diseases of the Department of Infectious Disease Management of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that recently, the JN.1 variant has risen rapidly around the world and has become the main epidemic strain, and the epidemic situation in some countries has risen relatively largely. At present, the situation of the new crown in mainland China is at a low level of epidemic, and the proportion of JN.1 variants is also relatively low, but it is also on the rise, and it is likely to gradually develop into a domestic epidemic strain.
The JN.1 variant belongs to the Omicron variant, and the World Health Organization recently assessed that the JN.1 variant is more transmissible and immune evasive based on the available evidence, but there is no evidence that it is more pathogenic. Moreover, previous infection and XBB vaccination have a cross-effect of immune protection, and the public health risk is predicted to be low. Read more>> "7 Cases of JN.1 Variant Detected in Mainland China→!"
Peng Zhibin said that the New Year's Day and Spring Festival holidays are approaching, the Spring Festival is about to begin, and the flow of people will rise sharply, and it is expected that the new crown epidemic in the mainland may rebound to a certain extent. During the Spring Festival travel period, the epidemic of new crown epidemic and other respiratory infectious diseases is likely to rise, especially increasing the risk of severe disease and death in vulnerable groups such as the elderly and patients with chronic underlying diseases, which may put some pressure on the medical service system in rural areas with relatively weak treatment capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to attach great importance to it, make careful arrangements, and make preparations in all aspects in advance.
In the next step, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention will continue to pay attention to the changes in the epidemic situation and epidemic strains abroad, and conduct timely monitoring, early warning and risk assessment.
03.
Most provinces have reached the peak of influenza and will gradually decline
Since the beginning of winter, respiratory diseases in mainland China have shown a trend of alternating or co-epidemic of multiple pathogens.
Peng Zhibin said that at present, judging from the monitoring results, the pathogen of respiratory diseases is mainly influenza virus, and most provinces have reached the peak of influenza epidemic, and then there will be a gradual downward trend. The activity of pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial cells fluctuates at a low level, and the new crown epidemic is currently at a low level.
Peng Zhibin introduced that there are three main conditions for the epidemic of infectious diseases, including the source of infection, the route of transmission, and the susceptible population. Pathogens such as influenza virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus and other pathogens can be transmitted through respiratory droplets produced when the patient coughs or sneezes, and invades other susceptible populations, resulting in acute respiratory diseases. In winter, the climate is cold, doors and windows are closed in most cases, and the air mobility is relatively poor. In the cold season, the respiratory defenses are also reduced, which is one of the reasons for the spread of respiratory infections in winter and spring. The elderly, children and other populations, because of low immunity, are also people with a high incidence of respiratory diseases in winter and spring.
04.
Sudden temperature changes can induce a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Ji Xunming, chief physician of the stroke center of Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, said that sudden temperature changes can induce a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases or lead to aggravation. In cold weather, low temperature stimulation will cause vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, which will induce coronary ischemia, which will then lead to angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, usually manifested as chest tightness, chest pain, shortness of breath and other symptoms.
At the same time, low temperature can also induce the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, including increased blood pressure, cerebral hemorrhage caused by cerebrovascular rupture, and cerebral infarction caused by vasoconstriction, increased blood viscosity, and cerebral vascular occlusion, which is manifested as sudden facial paralysis, slurred speech, weakness of one limb, headache, dizziness, unsteady walking and other symptoms.
These cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are closely related to physiological reactions such as blood vessel constriction, blood volume changes, and blood pressure fluctuations. For example, myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction are both disorders caused by avascular necrosis of local tissues due to blockage of blood vessels.
Therefore, during the cold wave, the elderly, heart patients, hypertension patients, and people at high risk of stroke need to strengthen protection, pay attention to keeping warm, and avoid overwork and staying in cold weather for a long time. Once the above symptoms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are found, you should call the 120 emergency number in time and go to the hospital for treatment.
04.
"Can't eat enough" Healthy holiday, tips from nutrition experts
Yu Kang, director of the Department of Clinical Nutrition at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, said that during the festival, the total amount of food eaten is often higher than usual. Therefore, special care should be taken to avoid overeating. Each meal should follow the principle of "not being full", that is, seven or eight minutes full at each meal. At the same time, try to maintain the same meal routine as usual, three meals a day or a small number of meals, and do not eat too casually. Avoid skipping breakfast, eating one meal a day, or eating and drinking too much at night. Special attention should be paid to patients with chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the elderly and children.
Second, try to drink less and no alcohol, especially highly strong alcohol. If you drink alcohol, you can choose low-alcohol fruit wine, no more than 150 ml per day. Avoid drinking alcohol on an empty stomach and avoid drinking alcohol while eating excessively. For the elderly, pregnant women, and children, alcohol should not be consumed. For patients with chronic diseases such as obesity, blood sugar, blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood uric acid, try not to drink alcohol.
Also, try to keep your diet light. Avoid eating too much fried and fried food, creamy food, sweets, spicy and irritating food, and pickled and smoked food.
Finally, try to go home for dinner during the holiday season. Especially young people, go home to eat with the elderly, eat together as a family, enjoy the warmth and warmth of the family, and create a harmonious and pleasant family dining atmosphere, which is conducive to the improvement of nutrition and health.
编辑 | 任君飞 责编 | 张秀丽
Source | Healthy China, CCTV News, Beijing Daily, Beijing Evening News, China.com
Produced by the Guangdong Health Online all-media team