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In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek declared a 15-day armistice after a major victory in the northeast.
However, after Bai Chongxi learned of Chiang Kai-shek's decision, he angrily scolded him for really misleading the country. Not only Bai Chongxi, but even many Kuomintang generals did not understand Chiang Kai-shek's move, and in their opinion, after the victory of the Kuomintang, they should pursue the victory and make a concerted effort.
However, Chiang Kai-shek had his own considerations about the war situation, but he did not know that it was precisely because of Chiang Kai-shek's "armistice" demand that the situation on the battlefield changed.
Why did Chiang Kai-shek propose an armistice after the great victory of the Nationalist army, and what would be the result of this armistice?
Click on it and look at the consequences of Chiang Kai-shek's armistice decision.
War in the Northeast
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese withdrew from the Chinese territories they occupied, including the northeast region, which they had occupied for many years.
The Northeast region is an important region for winning the national victory, and whoever can control the Northeast region is equivalent to mastering the lifeblood of the Liberation War, so the Northeast region can be said to be a place where the Kuomintang and the Communist Party must fight.
In order to seize the advantage in Northeast China as soon as possible, our Party sent troops to advance into Northeast China as soon as Japan withdrew from Northeast China and established base areas in the area as much as possible.
Our party is in action, then the Kuomintang is naturally not lagging behind, they also sent troops into the northeast region, after fierce competition between the People's Liberation Army and the national army, the national army controlled Shenyang and other places, and the Northeast Democratic Alliance army occupied Changchun.
Don't look at the Kuomintang and the Communist Party seem to occupy a region, but the Kuomintang only wants to swallow our party's territory, for the Changchun we occupy, they are also eyeing the tiger, Siping is the place to win Changchun, so this is a place of extraordinary significance for the People's Liberation Army and the National Army.
Chiang Kai-shek appointed Du Yuming as the commander of the Northeast Security, and he commanded the forces of five armies and directly sent troops to seize the important places of Siping.
Lin Biao, commander of the Northeast Democratic Alliance, and Peng Zhen, political commissar, received an order, and the central authorities asked them to hold Siping as much as possible. In order to defend against the Kuomintang army, our army successively transferred 14 divisions of local troops.
Although the enemy's weapons and equipment are superior to our army, but the excellent strategic level of the People's Liberation Army also made them deflated, after the first battle, the enemy army was annihilated by us more than 1,500 people, a few days later our army and the 71st Army of the national army won another victory in the confrontation, directly annihilating more than 4,400 enemies.
I thought that I had the advantage of weapons and equipment, and it should be a problem to win a small Siping, which was not a big problem, but the reality made the Kuomintang fall behind. Seeing that the vanguard troops he sent out were beaten to pieces by the People's Liberation Army, Chiang Kai-shek also realized that the power of our army in the northeast region should not be underestimated.
After the failure of the first confrontation with the PLA at Siping, Chiang Kai-shek also carefully analyzed the situation on the battlefield, and he decided to reinforce Siping to enhance the combat effectiveness of the Nationalist army in Siping.
At that time, the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army built a lot of fortifications in Siping, while the 71st Army of the National Army carried out a roundabout attack, so our army not only had to guard against the attack from the front, but also from the sneak attack from the side, so the battle line was forced to lengthen, and the two armies were separated by Siping Confrontation.
In addition to Siping, Chiang Kai-shek is still constantly sending troops to the northeast, seeing that Chiang Kai-shek's influence in the northeast is increasing, our party has also given a task to the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army, that is, to hold Siping to the death, and must not fall into the hands of the Kuomintang.
The Kuomintang has a large number of aircraft and artillery, of course, we also have our own advantages, for our army, the advantage is flexible movement warfare, all kinds of encirclement points to send reinforcements, interspersed with tactics to annihilate the enemy in batches, but this time we received the task of defending Siping.
Compared with the previous wars, the battle to defend the city is obviously more difficult for us, because what is more important in this war is the duel between various weapons and equipment, which is also something we are not good at.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, our opponent Kuomintang, had close contacts with the United States and other countries, and the United States also supported them with a large amount of American-style equipment. It stands to reason that we have good relations with the Soviet Union, and we can also get Soviet weapons, but Chiang Kai-shek is playing a role in it.
In order to deprive our party of assistance from the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek went so far as to sign the disgraceful "Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance" with the Soviet Union, which stipulated that the Soviet Union could not provide the PLA with large quantities of weapons, and that the warehouses left by the Japanese were managed by the Soviets. Therefore, after we entered the Northeast, we were really extremely short of weapons and materials.
In order to grasp the situation in the northeast as soon as possible, Chiang Kai-shek sent reinforcements to Siping and 5 divisions to Benxi. The focus of our army was on Siping, and we did not notice the movement of the Kuomintang Benxi, and the result was that the defense of Benxi was defeated by the well-equipped national army and was occupied by the Kuomintang.
After taking Benxi, the Kuomintang gathered all their forces and launched a final onslaught on Siping. The enemy has 10 divisions, how should we deal with it?
Battle of Siping
The Kuomintang sent a large number of troops to attack Siping, what was the result?
In order to take the important land of Siping, the Kuomintang sent a large number of troops, heavy weapons, and even fighter planes, which shows that they are ruthless and want to fight a battle with Jiefangju here.
The Kuomintang army was divided into three ways to attack, left, center, and right, and our army on the left and center was still able to resist, but the enemy's western army was attacking too fiercely, and our army retreated again and again. The Western Route Army took a lot of high ground along the way, and when they captured Tazi Mountain, an important high ground of the coalition army, the situation on the battlefield was basically clear.
Tazi Mountain is the most important highland in the first battle of Siping, and it is not far from the entire Siping to take here. After learning about the battle situation at the front, the organization took into account that the enemy's firepower was too strong and menacing, which was very unfavorable to our army.
Seeing that the Kuomintang had an increasing advantage in the war, it simply withdrew its troops from Siping in order to preserve its strength. The battle to defend Siping was very fierce, and although Siping fell into the hands of the Kuomintang in the end, this battle was still of great significance.
The Northeast Coalition Army annihilated a total of 16,000 enemies, and this war was fought for more than a month, crushing the Kuomintang's plan to rule the entire Northeast, of course, our army also suffered heavy losses in this war.
The Northeast Democratic Alliance Army alone suffered 8,000 casualties, and the rest of the troops participating in the battle also lost more than half. Before ordering the withdrawal from Siping, Wang Jifang, the chief of the Operations Section, saw the fierce artillery offensive of the enemy and thought that our army would definitely be defeated, so he chose to surrender to the enemy. And Wang Jifang's surrender to the enemy directly exposed our army's retreat line.
The Kuomintang sent trucks, tanks, planes, etc., to keep approaching our troops who were retreating, and our troops could only be forced to keep retreating, but the enemy bombed us violently with planes, which also led to the large forces of our army being divided when they retreated.
When Chairman Mao learned the news, he immediately instructed the troops: Be prepared to abandon Harbin and adopt mobile warfare and guerrilla warfare to deal with the enemy.
Our army was scattered by the enemy, which led to the overall deployment of our party in the northeast was hit, and Du Yuming, who had won a great victory, was on the rise, and seeing that the situation in the northeast was very good, he also did not hide his ambition and threatened to take Changchun.
In fact, Du Yuming's words are not nonsense, at that time, our army was helpless to fight back, and the Kuomintang was fierce in its pursuit and firepower, as long as they continued to attack for a long time, it was difficult to say whether Changchun could be defended.
After Chiang Kai-shek learned of the great victory ahead, he also said in the Kuomintang: "As long as the main force of the communist army in the northeast is defeated, the military in the pass will be easy to deal with." It can be seen how confident Chiang Kai-shek is in taking this northeast region.
There was jubilation within the Kuomintang, and just as everyone was ready to move on, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to let Du Yuming cease fighting. Chiang Kai-shek wrote in the order: "The Nationalist army expects to begin receiving the major cities in the northeast in 15 working days." ”
Chiang Kai-shek's order and clear, that is, the armistice on the 15th, this order made Du Yuming also very confused, the 15th was half a month, although half a month is not a long time, but the war is about one drum, and then decline, three and exhaustion, if the truce is at this time, it is not a good thing for us, and it should be our job to pursue the victory.
But Chiang Kai-shek insisted on an armistice, because that was what the Americans wanted.
In fact, this was not the first armistice issued by the Kuomintang, there was an armistice in March 1946, and these two armistices were made by the American representative Marshall.
Marshall did not care about the interests of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and he knew that for China, it was in the interests of Americans to build a peaceful state, so his attitude has always been to settle disputes by peaceful means. Seeing that the Kuomintang continued to advance into the northeast, Marshall sent two telegrams to Chiang Kai-shek, telling him to stop the war immediately.
Chiang Kai-shek's ambitions are clear to everyone, and it is simply a fool's dream to let him live in peace with the Communist Party and share power in China, and Chiang Kai-shek certainly does not want to stop the war, but he still hesitates in the face of pressure from the United States. He did not dare to offend the Americans, so he had to cease the war for 15 days, and Chiang Kai-shek conveyed a clear message to the Kuomintang: "From June 7, the pursuit and advance will be stopped for a period of 15 days." ”
Although Chiang Kai-shek did not want to negotiate with our party, he did not dare to disobey Marshall's proposal in the open, so he made the decision to armistice for 15 days, thinking that 15 days should not have much impact on the situation of the war.
Chiang Kai-shek negotiated with our party in accordance with Marshall's plan, but the proposals of both sides were not approved, and the negotiations naturally collapsed, and the results were expected by both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Chiang Kai-shek never wanted to stop the military conflict, so after the negotiations failed, he began to plan the next round of offensives.
What Chiang Kai-shek never expected was that this time his armistice decision planted a "big thunder" for him.
Bai Chongxi scolded angrily
Regarding Chiang Kai-shek's decision to armistice was difficult to understand from top to bottom within the Kuomintang, Bai Chongxi was so angry that he angrily scolded Chiang Kai-shek as a "stupid move".
Bai Chongxi is known as "Little Zhuge " in the national army, he is fickle and courageous when fighting, and will not stick to a situation or a method of war, he is good at capturing the information of changes on the battlefield, and formulating corresponding flexible tactics for it, Lin Biao and Bai Chongxi have fought many times, and Lin directly commented that Bai Chongxi is one of the most talented generals in the national army.
In this Siping Battle, our army lost so badly, and there was also Bai Chongxi's factor in it. During the Siping Defense War, Bai Chongxi was sent by Chiang Kai-shek to the front line to supervise the war, Bai Chongxi carefully observed the strategic position of Siping, not only formulated a detailed strategic plan for the Siping Defense War, but also thought about the follow-up strategic goal, that is, to take Changchun directly, and then control the entire basic.
With Jilin as the backing, they pursued Jiamusi and Manchuria with victory, and if it went well, the entire northeast region would be under the control of the Kuomintang. However, just as Bai Chongxi was full of confidence and led a large army to pursue, Chiang Kai-shek demanded that he immediately cease the war, and even let him surrender his military power.
Bai Chongxi mistakenly thought that Chiang Kai-shek did not understand his plan, and in order to explain his layout clearly, Bai Chongxi personally took a plane to Nanjing to report to Chiang Kai-shek in person, but Chiang Kai-shek still did not change his attitude. In fact, Chiang Kai-shek was jealous of Bai Chongxi, first, his performance in the Northeast was too eye-catching, and second, Bai Chongxi was born in the Gui line, not Chiang's descendant, and he was too smart.
Once the entire Northeast region is transferred according to Bai Chongxi's plan, then Bai Chongxi, as one of the great heroes, will naturally increase his power, which is not what Chiang Kai-shek is willing to see.
Chiang Kai-shek not only demanded that Bai Chongxi cease fighting, but also did not even let Bai Chongxi stay in the northeast, and directly transferred him back to Nanjing. Regarding the decision of the top leader of the Kuomintang, Bai Chongxi could do nothing but angrily scold him for "misleading the country by stupid moves."
Even when Bai Chongxi reached his old age, he still felt a pity when he mentioned this incident in his memoirs.
Although Chiang Kai-shek's order was to cease fighting for 15 days, the time when the two sides actually started a war in the northeast was actually more than four months later, and after the original armistice for 15 days, Chiang Kai-shek extended the time limit for another eight days in order to launch a new round of war.
During the armistice, we vigorously developed the mass movement, established prestige among the local masses through the agrarian revolution and the struggle against bandits, and increased the number of base areas, so that by November, the strength of our army in the northeast had reached 360,000.
After recuperation, our army once again had the strength to defeat the Kuomintang and occupy the northeastern region.
Chiang Kai-shek later admitted that this was his mistake, but the reason for this was that Chiang Kai-shek himself could not lead the whole of China at all, and even if he did not have an armistice, he might not be able to completely take the Northeast.
For us, if we fail, we will start again, and it is a big deal to liberate a few years later, but the liberation of China is certain.
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