In the history of the Ming Dynasty, there were three major spy agencies, namely the East Factory, the West Factory and the Jinyi Guard, and the factory officials of the East Factory and the West Factory were all eunuchs, and only the commander of the Jinyi Guard was a military general who was close to the emperor. Jinyiwei was established as early as the Zhu Yuanzhang period, but later Zhu Yuanzhang thought that Jinyiwei had abused his power, so he abolished Jinyiwei according to the situation. During the reign of Ming Chengzu Zhu Di, Jinyiwei was restored, and Jinyiwei has been coexisting with the Ming Dynasty since then.
The supreme commander of the Jinyi Guard is the commander of the Jinyi Guard, which is served by the military generals who are close to the emperor. Directly accountable to the Emperor. Anyone, including relatives of the Imperial Family, can be arrested and interrogated in camera. It can be seen that the power of Jinyiwei is still very large, and this article will take a look at the 8 famous Jinyiwei commanders.
1. Mao 骧
There is no explicit record of the first commander in history, but the first person to have the title of commander of Jinyi Wei was Mao Xiang.
Mao Xiang followed Zhu Yuanzhang very early, and was already a member of the inspection school before the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, and he was rich
The work experience has won Zhu Yuanzhang's trust. Mao Xiang's greatest contribution to the command of Jinyiwei was to create a major implication case after Hu Weiyong's death.
Jin Yiwei
Hu Weiyong's case is one of the four major cases of Hongwu, and it is also because of Hu Weiyong and Zhu Yuanzhang that the prime minister system that has lasted for thousands of years was abolished. And Hu Weiyong's case did not end because of Hu Weiyong's death, but used it as an introduction to implicate a large number of people, South Korea's Gong Li Shanchang was implicated because of Hu Weiyong's case, which eventually led to the killing of more than 70 men, women and children in the family, only the eldest son Li Qi and his two children, because of Princess Lin'an, were spared death.
Hu Weiyong involved tens of thousands of people, and finally Zhu Yuanzhang killed Mao Xiang in order to calm the anger of the public.
2、蒋瓛(huán)
Jiang Cheng was also the commander of the Jinyi Guard during the Zhu Yuanzhang period, and after Mao Xiang was killed by Zhu Yuanzhang because of the Hu Weiyong case, Jiang Cheng took over the position of the commander of the Jinyi Guard. One of Jiang Xuan's major contributions was to participate in the creation of the Blue Jade Case, which was also one of the four major cases of Hongwu.
Jiang Xuan
In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu (1393), Jiang Zhen sued Lan Yu for rebellion, and this case implicated the thirteen marquis and the second uncle, and even the clan punished 15,000 people, and almost wiped out the generals who fought the world. After the Lanyu case, Jiang Zhen was also killed by Zhu Yuanzhang's order. It can be seen that in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang, the commander of Jinyiwei did not have a good end.
3. Discipline outline
Ji Gang was the commander of the Jinyi Guard during the period of Zhu Di of Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, and he was unruly and scheming.
Ji Gang once followed Zhu Di to participate in the Battle of Jingjing, and after Zhu Di ascended the throne, he made Ji Gang the commander of the Jinyi Guard, in charge of the pro-army and in charge of the edict. Ji Gang is good at catering to the will of Ming Chengzu, widely setting up school captains, collecting military and civilian intelligence every day, using severe punishment and harsh laws, framing and slandering, and was particularly favored by Chengzu, and was soon promoted to the commander of the affairs, and also in charge of the brocade guard.
Discipline Compendium
As his power grew, Ji Gang's courage became bigger and bigger, he took the opportunity of Zhu Di's beauty pageant to include the stunning beauties in his own mansion, and gave the rest to Zhu Di, and Ji Gang also raised a large number of outlaws at home, secretly built tunnels and made tens of thousands of knives, guns, armor and bows and arrows. In the thirteenth year of Yongle (1415), Ji Gang put Xie Jin, the president of the "Yongle Grand Canon", to freeze to death in the snow.
In the fourteenth year of Yongle (1416), Ji Gang was exposed for supporting the Han king's seizure of the throne and was executed by Zhu Di Lingchi.
4. Ma Shun
Ma Shun was the commander of the Jinyi Guard during the Ming Yingzong period, and he was a close confidant of the great eunuch Wang Zhen. Because Wang Zhen once served Zhu Qizhen, who was still the crown prince of the Ming Dynasty, after Zhu Qizhen ascended the throne, Wang Zhen was also reused by Yingzong, and Ma Shun became the commander of Jinyiwei under Wang Zhen's promotion.
Ma Shun
In the fourteenth year of orthodoxy (1449), Ming Yingzong was instigated by Wang Zhen to drive a personal expedition, but unexpectedly the whole army was wiped out in Tumubao, and the 500,000 army was all gone, and even Ming Yingzong himself was captured by Wara. After the news reached the capital, the ministers were furious, and asked Zhu Qiyu, the king of the prison state, to kill Wang Zhen Manchu, Zhu Qiyu did not agree on the spot, Ma Shun of the Jinyi Guard command room was Wang Zhen's comrade, and the people who scolded him left and the ministers were angry, so they beat Ma Shun to death in the court together, and Ma Shun also became the first (and only) in the history of the Ming Dynasty to be beaten to death by the ministers (civil officials) in the court.
5, Yuan Bin
Yuan Bin is the friend of Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen, originally followed Ming Yingzong to participate in the orthodox fourteen years of the Northern Expedition Wara Battle, this battle Ming army was annihilated, Ming Yingzong himself was captured, the survivors fled at that time, scattered, only Yuan Bin and Ha Ming followed Ming Yingzong to protect him inch by inch.
After Ming Yingzong launched a change to seize the door and ascended the throne again, he treated Yuan Bin very favorably, Yuan Bin married a wife, and Yingzong ordered his cousin Sun Xianzong to marry. And often summoned to banquets, talking about the tribulation and current affairs of the year, happy as before.
Yuan Bin
After Ming Xianzong succeeded to the throne, Yuan Bin was first appointed as the commander of the capital, and Wang Xi, the commander of the capital, was in charge of the Jinyi Guard. After Wang Xi was dismissed, Yuan Bin was in charge of Jinyi Guard. Later, Yuan Bin also did the former military governor's office in charge of the government, and finally died in office, the court gave him Guanglu doctor, Shangzhu Guo, Zuojun governor, mother, wife are awarded the title of Mrs. Yipin, and the descendants are hereditary brocade clothes.
6, Ha Ming
Ha Ming was a Mongol and the commander of the Jinyi Guard during the Ming Yingzong period. Ha Ming was captured by the Mongol Warat generals along with Ming Yingzong in the Tumubao Incident, and Yuan Bin has been by Ming Yingzong's side. After Ming Yingzong ascended the throne again through the change of seizing the door, Ha Ming was given the name Yang Ming by Yingzong, and served as the commander of Jinyiwei.
7, Zhu Ji
Zhu Ji was the commander of the Jinyi Guard during the Ming Xianzong period, and he was the son-in-law of Yu Qian, the secretary of the military department. After Yu Qian was killed, because he was Yu Qian's son-in-law, he was exiled to a remote area by Ming Yingzong. After Ming Xianzong succeeded to the throne, Zhu Ji was recalled and the official was reinstated. In the second year of Chenghua (1466), Zhu Ji was promoted to commander because of his efforts to capture the evil words and his military exploits in the palace. In the twelfth year of Chenghua, he was promoted to the commander of the Jinyi Guard, in charge of the Jinyi Guard.
Zhu Ji was conscientious and conscientious in the command of Jinyiwei, he held the prison fairly, and had a good reputation, and finally died of illness in office, and the history books praised him as an official who took "following the law and reasoning" as his sect, and did not make a case of recklessness, and did not easily punish a single person.
8, Lu Bing
Among the many commanders of the Jinyi Guard in the Ming Dynasty, Lu Bing was the biggest official.
Lu Bing's mother was the nurse of Emperor Jiajing, so Lu Bing was able to go in and out of the palace with his mother since he was a child, and when he grew up, he served with Emperor Jiajing. In the eleventh year of Jiajing (1532), Lu Bingzhong was a warrior, and in the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), he was awarded the post of commander of Jinyi Guard. In the eighteenth year of Jiajing (1539), because of his meritorious service in rescuing the driver, he won the favor of Shizong and was promoted to the commander of the capital.
Later, Lu Bing's officials became bigger and bigger, and began to participate in the political struggle of the imperial court, successively eliminating Xia Yan, exposing the crimes of the general Qiu Luan and the lieutenant Li Bin, and was promoted to the left governor of the Houjun Governor's Mansion. In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing, Lu Bing was crowned as a Taibao and a young master by Emperor Jiajing, and he was still in charge of Jinyiwei, becoming the first official in the Ming Dynasty to be both a public and a solitary.
Lu Bing
In the thirty-ninth year of Jiajing, Lu Bing died of illness in office, at the age of 51, Emperor Jiajing was very sad, wept at the portrait of Lu Bing, and wrote an edict in his own handwriting, praising him for serving the country, exposing the traitor, fulfilling his duties, and writing green words.
In addition to the above eight people, there were many people in the Ming Dynasty who served as the commander of the Jinyi Guard, such as Zhu Xizhong, who succeeded Lu Bing, who was the descendant of Zhu Neng, the hero of the "Jing Nan", and was named the Duke of the Kingdom. The commander of the Zhang Juzheng era of the Wanli Dynasty was Liu Shouyou, who was the son of a famous minister and had a good background. In the later period, it was Luo Sigong, who made a great effort in the "Palace Removal Case" in the fourth year of the Apocalypse, but was unfortunately framed by Wei Zhongxian. It was Tian Ergeng who took over as the commander, who was also killed by the eunuchs.