<h1>Pan Fuming</h1>
Willow weaving is one of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts. In ancient times, people only used it as an ordinary daily practical product, and it was not until the 20th century that it gradually emerged, and gradually became an export project in some parts of China. Dadongzhuang Village, Wenjiazhuang Township, is an important willow weaving production base in Shouyang.
The origin of willow weaving can be traced back to the early Paleolithic period, primitive people engaged in the process of collecting crops to make a variety of containers and packaging, the use of tough plants, with the help of the initial mastery of the weaving method, to produce different types of willow weaving products. From the slave society to the Warring States period, willow weaving has been widely used in people's lives, and has become one of the indispensable living tools in people's daily lives through various dynasties.
In the Neolithic Age, baskets and baskets woven with wicker appeared. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wicker was woven into cups, plates, etc., and coated with lacquer, called cups. During the Tang Dynasty, Cangzhou (沧州, in present-day Cangzhou, Hebei and the area north of Ningjin, Shandong) was already famous. In the Song Dynasty, people took the thin strips of willows, "fire forced soft bends, and made boxes". Since then, the willow weaving process has continued to evolve. The traditional varieties of willow weaving mainly include clothing boxes, baskets, dustpans and so on.
Shouyang has a long history and rich cultural tourism resources. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Mashouyi was established as a county during the Taikang period of the Western Jin Dynasty, and has a history of more than 2,000 years. The county is mainly based on agricultural cultivation, and willow weaving is a characteristic industry in the village. Folk weaving includes willow boxes, baskets, baskets, liters, buckets, dustpans, baskets and so on. Its weaving technology is exquisite, the product style is exquisite and generous, strong and durable, and the products are exported to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other large commercial ports. After the end of the Qing Dynasty, willow weaving spread all over the Beixiang area of Shouyang, with more than 300 personnel. During the Republic of China period, the willow weaving industry has become an industry in Shouyang, with more than 1,000 people engaged in willow weaving production, and the willow weaving in Dadongzhuang, Wenjiazhuang Township, is the most famous.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the willow weaving in Dadongzhuang was mainly individual weaving, and after liberation, a willow weaving group was established, which mainly carried out the processing and production of willow weaving. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, the willow weaving artists began to produce their own, radiating the surrounding Villages of Xiaodongzhuang, Wenjiazhuang Village, Zongai Town, Soma, Jianshan and other villages, and the products were mainly sold to Shouyang, Luxian, Yangqu, Yangquan, Yuci and other places.
The willow weaving technique of Dadongzhuang Village in Wenjiazhuang Township is mainly inherited by the Li Shide family, and can be traced back to the Li Taigui generation in 1839.
The main raw materials of Dadongzhuang willow weaving products are willow branches, tamarind branches, mulberry strips, thorn strips, purple spike locust strips, etc., wicker is soft and easy to bend, thick and symmetrical, elegant color, through novel design, can be woven into a variety of simple and natural, beautiful shape, light and durable practical handicrafts. Its products include: wicker boxes (bags), rice baskets, vegetable baskets (round, oval), fences, needle and thread baskets, kang mats, reed foils, etc. Weaving technology includes 6 categories of weaving, fixed weaving, flat weaving, twisting, fine weaving, wood weaving, the products involve baskets, baskets, plates, baskets and other household items, willow wicker color white, soft and slender. The unique raw materials, coupled with specific weaving techniques, constitute the unique style of Daitozhuang willow weaving.
Willow weaving is made by craft
The production process of willow weaving products is roughly divided into material selection, soaking, weaving, fumigation, drying and other links, all of which are handmade.
1. Material selection. Willow, to Futian willow is the best, at this time the willow is just ripe, soft texture, toughness, easy to peel, white color, diameter of about 5-10 mm, length of about 100 cm.
2. Soak. Place the colored ingredients in water. Soak the coarse wicker for 20 minutes and the fine wicker for 10 minutes. The purpose of soaking is to make it soft, easy to bend, increase its strength, and facilitate weaving.
3. Weaving. According to a certain shape and specifications. All tools are: iron skewers, fruit branches, rulers, etc.
4. Fumigation. The finished woven product should be scrubbed with washing powder. Its purpose: one is to clean, the other is to increase humidity. The finished product is then placed in the fumigation chamber and fumigated for 2 hours by igniting with sulfur placed in a container, and the doors and windows of the fumigation chamber must be sealed during fumigation.
5. Drying. The fumigated finished product should be dried in time. Fumigation and drying are designed to prevent mold and deformation of the product.
Willow weaving methods and types
The weaving methods mainly include wearing, cutting, twisting, tying, weaving, weaving, winding, twisting and so on.
There are more than 30 varieties of products, mainly including: laundry basket, small ear basket, large willow basket, round basket, flower pot set, hanging basket, square plate, large dustpan, dustpan, willow clothing box, willow curtain, water bucket, and other products.
Willow weaving products can be divided into five categories according to their use:
1. Carry baskets, such as gift baskets and fruit baskets.
2. Pot sleeve, used for the modification of pots.
3. Tools, such as fences, baskets, dustpans, etc.
4, furniture, such as willow clothes box, etc.
5, decoration, there are small pendants, toys, wall decorations, etc.
As a purposeful practical and aesthetic creative activity, willow weaving technique is characterized by skillful and specialized skills, the mastery and application of raw materials and weaving tools such as wicker, which is an important means of understanding and using natural laws. The popularity of willow weaving techniques. The willow weaving technique is produced and developed in long-term labor practice, and the creation process and circulation process of each handicraft are formed on the basis of common labor. Willow weaving products have a wide range of raw materials, make full use of the characteristics of tough plants, pay attention to color, texture, and pursue nature, reflecting the simple, thick and sincere character of the working people. Compared with the general traditional art, the subjectivity of the concept of willow weaving modeling is more prominent, which is an organic combination of folk practical technology and folk arts and crafts, and also an organic combination of practicality and aesthetics.
After hundreds of years of inheritance, the living space, technical characteristics and derivative genealogy of willow weaving skills have undergone major changes, and Dadongzhuang willow weaving has continued until the 1980s when it was still relatively prosperous, and after the 1990s, with the further development of economy and agricultural production, some willow weaving products were gradually replaced by modern products and gradually withdrew from the market. Coupled with the gradual demise of willow weavers, this handicraft that has carried the dreams of generations is on the verge of being lost. Up to now, there are only 74-year-old Li Shide in Wenjiazhuang Dadongzhuang Village, Zhu Quantang, 81-year-old Zhu Quantang, 71-year-old Zhu Daicheng and Li Shide's son Li Junhong are still weaving, and the sales of willow weaving products are not satisfactory. How to inherit this excellent folk handicraft has become an urgent problem to be solved.
Inheritor situation
Li Taigui was born in 1838
Li Taiwei was born in 1839
Li Shuying, born in 1892
Li Shuxi, born in 1895
Li Shengyin, born in 1926
Li Shide, born in 1944
Li Junhong, born in 1972
Principal inheritor
In recent years, the county cultural center and Dadongzhuang Village in Wenjiazhuang Township have increased the protection of willow weaving, collecting and sorting out traditional willow weaving techniques in detail; arranging showrooms to exhibit willow weaving products over the years; and expanding publicity, widely publicizing in the Media such as Shanxi Evening News, Shouyang Release, and Shouyang Culture. While willow weaving brings economic benefits to people, excellent folk skills have also been better inherited and developed.
Dadongzhuang willow weaving is a combination of simple tools and superb skills, a combination of practicality and aesthetics, and through the innovation of weaving techniques, many different types of products have been created in the weaving structure and product form, which meets the needs of the masses in production and life. Through the inheritance and innovation of generations of folk artists, Dadongzhuang willow weaving has become a widely representative folk art form, and its practical value, aesthetic value and social value have been widely recognized.