Although the toast method of "feeling deep and stuffy" looks bold and seems to speed up emotional communication, the way of sea drinking, which can appreciate the beauty of the taste! The rough act of exchanging sea drinks for feelings is obviously also a disrespect for the health of oneself and others.
We advocate healthy drinking, naturally oppose drinking sea drinks, drinking wine can not experience its wonderful, it can be said that it is a blasphemy of wine. Drinking alcohol requires etiquette and cannot lose "morality", and if improper drinking brings rough behavior, it is obviously a manifestation of disrespect for others.
In Chinese history, the custom of wine was influenced by Confucian wine culture, bathed in a strong Confucian cultural color, and paid attention to "wine morality".
What is wine morality?
In fact, it is the ethics of drinking and the demeanor that should be expected after drinking. The first is the morality that should be possessed when drinking alcohol. The second is the character that is still not chaotic after getting drunk. In general, traditional Chinese advocates returning wine to its cultural roots.
China is known as the "State of Etiquette". Since three generations, etiquette has become the general norm and general norm of people's social life. Ancient etiquette penetrated into the political system, ethics and morality, marriage and funeral, customs and habits and other aspects, and the wine behavior was naturally included in the orbit of the ceremony, which produced the wine ceremony, which was used to reflect the etiquette norms of the noble, the inferior, the elderly and the young and even various occasions in the wine behavior.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, the wine ceremony became the strictest etiquette. The "Wine Curse" promulgated by the Duke of Zhou clearly pointed out that the purpose of the Emperor of Heaven was not to make wine for people to enjoy, but to sacrifice the gods of heaven and earth and the ancestors, and strictly prohibited "drinking in groups" and "drinking in reverence", and violators were punished by death. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the establishment and consolidation of liturgical music culture, the color of "etiquette" in wine culture has become more and more intense, and articles such as "Wine Ring", "Wine Police", "Wine Curse", "Wine Curse", "Wine Proverbs", "Wine Virtue", and "Wine Administration" abound, completely incorporating wine into the category of order and etiquette. In order to ensure the execution of the wine ceremony, there have been wine officials throughout the ages.
The word "wine virtue" is embodied in the "Shang Shu Jiu Jie", that is, "drinking only for worship" (only when sacrificing can drink alcohol); "no Yi wine" (do not drink often, usually drink less, in order to save grain, only when there is illness should drink alcohol); "drinking in groups" (forbidden to drink in groups); "forbidden to indulge" (prohibit excessive drinking).
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" ></h1>
Drinking alcohol is not much, expensive in the right amount.
It is necessary to correctly assess your ability to drink, and drink without being able to do so. Excessive alcohol consumption or addiction to alcohol can lead to serious consequences.
"Drinking and Eating" pointed out: "It is better to drink less, drink more to hurt the gods and damage life, change people's nature, and its poison is even worse." Overdose, the source of death. The "Compendium of Materia Medica" also points out: "If the husband is indulgent and drunk, he will cause illness and failure, and even hurt his body and death, and his harm can be said to be very bad!" ”
That is to say, excessive drinking hurts the body and hurts the body. Some people either gamble on wine to win, or pretend to drink heavily, or pour sorrow through drinking, which is a manifestation of ignorance and an act of cowardice.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="18" > second, moderation</h1>
Drinking should pay attention to self-restraint, very much alcohol is best to drink only six or seven points, at most not more than eight points, so that drinking without disorder.
For those who persuade people to drink again on the grounds of "drinking less than confidants", this is an example of drinking.
In ancient times, the Xin Lingjun "drank with the guests for a long night,... Day and night for the happy drinkers four years old, even sick and drunk"; Cao Zhi "willful but not self-motivated, drinking is not thrifty", "often drinking without joy, so the disease fell ill", at the age of 41. And Yan Baby advised Qi Jinggong to drink moderately, and Shantao drank a very large amount of wine, but every time he drank eight buckets, he has always been regarded as a good story.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > third, etiquette and morality in traditional wine culture</h1>
In ancient times, there were also many etiquettes about drinking, such as the host and guests drinking together, kneeling to each other. The younger generation drinks in front of the elders, called the waiter, usually kneeling first, and then sitting at the second seat, the elders order the younger generations to drink, the younger generations can raise a glass; the wine in the elder's glass has not yet been drunk, the younger generation can not drink it first; even the pouring of wine must follow the order of respect and inferiority.
Specifically, in ancient times, the ritual of drinking alcohol had four steps, namely worship, sacrifice, pecking, and knighthood. These four steps are not difficult to understand, that is, the drinker first makes a gesture of worship, pays homage, then pours out a little of the wine on the ground, sacrifices the virtue of worshiping the earth, then tastes the wine, praises it to make the owner happy, and finally drinks it from the cup.
For drinking, the Ancient Chinese have a unique view different from that of Westerners, which contains an important content of people's admiration for heaven and earth: at the wine banquet, the host should toast to the guests, and the guests should return to the host, which is called drunkenness, and a few toasts should be said when toasting. Guests can also toast each other, which is called travel pay. Sometimes it is necessary to toast people in turn, which is called wine. When toasting, both the toaster and the person being honored "avoid the table" and stand up. Ordinary toasts are made with three glasses.
In China, it is not difficult to find the influence of "etiquette" from the respect of ordinary people for the elderly and leaders, the tacit understanding of a certain ritual, the choice of drinking objects, and so on. This is a profound understanding of "etiquette" that people share.
Wine morality, that is, the morality of wine behavior, it is mutually related to wine ceremony, Mr. Gong Ruodong believes: "If etiquette is the core of Chinese wine culture, then wine morality is the shell of Chinese wine culture." This statement is very insightful. The ancients believed that there were two kinds of wine, fierce and auspicious.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="28" >4</h1>
The Qing Dynasty Ruan Kuisheng's "Tea Yu Guest Talk" quotes Chen Kiting as saying: "If the drinking feast persuades people to get drunk, it is not unkind, that is, it is polite, otherwise, it is also vulgar." Gentlemen drink and measure their hearts frankly; scribes are elegant and elegant. Servants of the city, with respect for the general, generous with abuse, and joy with drunkenness, and the natives will follow suit, and will be rude and unjust and will not read."
Here are carved some almost sadistic drinkers in the wine forest, who are messing around, step by step, layer by layer, and will put the guests on the ground drunk and then fast.
Those who forcibly persuade the wine are often still vibrant, what "there is wine in this day and drunk in this day", "there are few times in life to get drunk", it is completely indulging in indulgence as arrogance, and evil as fun.
Ancient and modern medicine also strongly advocates wine morality from the perspective of health care. Bian Que, a famous doctor in the Warring States period, said: "Those who have been drinking for a long time will break the marrow and steam their muscles, and they will hurt their spirits and lose their lives." Sun Simiao, the "medicine king" of the Tang Dynasty, said: "Drinking on an empty stomach often suffers from vomiting." Li Mingzhen, a member of the Ming Dynasty, also said: "Drinking is not thrifty, killing people is instantaneous." ”
In fact, people drink different amounts of alcohol, and their tolerance for wine is different; strong people drinking alcohol is not only a spoiled pleasure, but also prone to accidents and even deaths.
Therefore, as a host, when entertaining guests, you must be both warm and sincere; both lively and rational. Don't be strong enough to be difficult, insist on persuading. Or the Lord is at his disposal, drinking and drinking himself.
Drinking is very interesting, and there is no lack of wine morality.
As a special cultural carrier, wine occupies a unique position in human interaction, and has formed a cultural content and flowed to the present. Reshaping the way of modern Chinese liquor etiquette is the need to inherit and carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation.
What common ways do you know about drinking?
Persuasion: Chinese hospitality and play well at the banquet. The emotional exchange between people is often sublimated when toasting.
Wen Jing: It is a manifestation of traditional wine morality, that is, politely and respectfully advising guests to drink
Reciprocation: This is a toast from the guest to the host.
Mutual respect: This is a "toast" between guests and guests, in order to make each other drink more, the toaster will find out all kinds of reasons why they must drink, and if the toasted person cannot find a reason to refute, he must drink. While the two sides are looking for arguments, the emotional exchange between people is sublimated.
Substitute drinking: a way to avoid toasting without losing grace and not discouraging guests and hosts.
Penalty: This is a unique way to Chinese "toast". The reasons for "penalty alcohol" are also varied. The most common may be the "penalty of three glasses of wine" for late arrivals at the banquet.
In China's long history of wine, wine as a material culture was produced at the same time, and the accompanying spiritual culture was also produced. As a special cultural carrier, wine occupies a unique position in human interaction. The liquor ceremony and liquor virtue are very important contents of the spiritual culture of Chinese liquor.
Therefore, wine and wine culture are one of the best media for spreading human social civilization and morality.
After Confucianism represented by Confucius became the mainstream, the wine ceremony and wine morality was bathed in a strong Confucian cultural color, and gradually became a civilized virtue and fashion, which still flows in folk culture.
Wherever wine can benefit people, it has the reputation of "heavenly milk" and "hundred medicines"; wine can also harm people, so it has the notoriety of "disaster spring" and "rotten intestines".
It is not the fault of wine that harms others, but the misuse of wine.
Drinking and not driving has been incorporated into the legal system in the executive class, but in the early stage of prevention, it lies in the moral restraint of people when drinking. Strengthen the benevolent connotation of thanksgiving wine, the long-term love of husband and wife of wedding banquet wine, the summary and development of experience and achievements of celebration wine, and enhance the value concept of integrity in the banquet of guests and friends. In drinking and communicating, do not believe in rumors, do not spread yellow paragraphs, and so on.
Using wine as a medium to spread social civilization.
We need to take Lihede as the benchmark of Chinese liquor culture and the core of the definition of wine culture business cards. In China's long history of wine, wine as a material culture was produced at the same time, and the accompanying spiritual culture was also produced. As a special cultural carrier, wine occupies a unique position in human interaction. The liquor ceremony and liquor virtue are very important contents of the spiritual culture of Chinese liquor.