Xiang Fayun: "A body of seven feet is not as good as a face of one foot, a face of one foot..."
Sang Weihan not only has the "face of one foot" but also has the physical characteristics of short and ugly, and later Sang Weihan stirred up the heavens and the earth, changed the color of the wind and clouds, and was an extremely popular subject, which shows the infinite mystery of Chinese culture.
History's assessment of Sunwayham is hugely controversial:
During the Northern Song Dynasty, from Song Taizu to Wang Yuwei, they all admired Sang Weihan's ability to govern the country, and even Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang had extremely gentle attitudes towards him.
During the Southern Song Dynasty, when the science of science flourished, the criticism of Sang Weihan became increasingly serious. Chen Liang, a famous politician of the Southern Song Dynasty, ranked Sang Weihan alongside Tang Gaozu and Guo Ziyi, criticizing them for carrying out the last strategy of the world and "borrowing Yidi to level China", which greatly affected future generations, but also called them "Ming Junxianchen".
The national consciousness of the Ming and Qing dynasties was high. Wang Fuzhi, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, wrote an article called "The Theory of Sang Weihan", denouncing it as "the sinner of all generations"; the "Biography of the Five Dynasties of the Cruel Tang Dynasty" accused it of being a "traitor and a vassal", which is fatal, and the commentary and interpretation of the book are the basic courses of historical literacy of the Chinese people, and the scene of Sang Weihan is very bad.
In modern times, Mr. Tao Maobing, Mr. Bian Xiaoxuan, and Mr. Zheng Xuemeng all called Sang Weihan a mastermind of Shi Jingyao's traitorous and usurped the throne, and denounced him as a "traitor to the country" and a "national scum." In the end, Old Sang was nailed to death on the column of shame of history.
Sang Weihan, ziguoqiao, Luoyang people. His father was Sang Gong, who was a guest general of Zhang Quanyi, the King of Qi. Sang Weihan looked sorry for the audience, washing his face with two mirrors. But his heart is very strong, and he often thinks to himself about the bronze mirror: "How can a seven-foot body be compared to the face of the previous foot", determined to be a public assistant. When Ma Xifan, the king of Chu, entered the capital to meet the emperor, passing through Huaishang (present-day Huaibei region), Sang Weihan was studying with him and asked to see Ma Xifan: "The public position is high and powerful, the Chu state occupies all geographical advantages, the business travel is prosperous, directly through the South China Sea, I am poor, dare I take wanjin as a job, let me assist you in achieving great things." Ma Xifan was a light man, and seeing Sang Weihan's strange appearance of short and waist long and reckless speech, he smiled forward and backward, and then let people give Sang Weihan some fine silk, and Sang Weihan was furious and flicked his sleeve away.
Sang Weihan's road to participate in the imperial examination was bumpy, and the chief examiner was not admitted because he hated the homophony of "Sang" and "mourning", feeling obscure. Some people advised him to give up the imperial examination and become a king by selling cakes. Sang Weihan wrote a "Sunrise Fusang Fu" to mingzhi, and also held an iron brick platform to show humanity: "Iron stone wears, it is a change of industry." This is the allusion to the famous "grinding through the iron stone". Later, it was Li Bai's iron pestle that was ground into a needle.
Sang Weihan's father interceded with Zhang Quanyi, the King of Qi, and when Zhang Quanyi saw Sang Weihan, he thought that Sang Weihan was an extraordinary man and a wizard, and yu was strongly recommended, so in the third year of Tang Tongguang (925 AD), Sang Weihan entered the priesthood and the first.
After the establishment of the Jin Dynasty
In the second year of Changxing (931 AD), when Shi Jingyao was serving as an envoy to Heyang Jiedushi (present-day Mengxian County, Henan), Sang Weihan was placed under the command of Luo Zhi and appointed as the secretary of the government, and has been following him ever since, becoming Shi Jingyao's confidant.
In the third year of the Qing Dynasty (936 AD), the late Tang Emperor Li Congke was worried that Shi Jingyao's power in Hedong was too large, and ordered the town of Yun Prefecture (郓州, in modern Dongping, Shandong). Shi Jingyao refused, and later Tang sent troops to fight, so Shi Jingyao ordered Sang Weihan to write a letter to the Khitan to ask for help, the content of the letter was that after the fact, he ceded Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, Shi Jingyao called him "Emperor Er", and used the etiquette of serving his father to confront the Khitan lord Yelü Deguang (Liao Taizong), when Shi Jingyao was 48 years old, Yelü Deguang was 34 years old, from Li Keyong and Yelü Abaoji as brothers, according to the generations, it was completely correct, it was a little ugly. Yelü Deguang began to agree to Shi Jingyao's request. Later, however, Lu Longjiedu made Zhao Dejun bribe Yelü Deguang with a large amount of money and a generous amount of money and sent an emissary saying, "If you establish yourself as emperor, please immediately see the soldiers in Luoyang and make the country of brothers with the Khitans."
When Shi Jingyao heard about it, he was afraid that things would change, so he immediately sent Sang Weihan to the Khitan to meet Yelü Deguang, arguing the necessity of rescuing Shi Jingyao, saying that "he will use the wealth of China to serve the great powers, Zhao Beiping (Zhao Dejun) father and son are disloyal and unbelieving, the emperor is anxious to save people with faith and righteousness, the people of the four seas are the eyes and ears, and NaiHe is two or three of his life...", and "kneeling in front of the tent, from Dan to dusk, weeping and fighting."
Yelü Deguang was finally "touched" by Sang Weihan and pointed to the stone outside the tent and said to Zhao Dejun's emissary: "I have promised Shilang, this stone is rotten, it can be changed." Therefore, the history books say that "the Tang Dynasty was destroyed and the Jin Dynasty was revived, and the power of Weihan was also." ”
Capable officials
With the strong support of the Khitans, Shi Jingyao established the Later Jin Dynasty, that is, the Later Jin Dynasty Gaozu. Sang Weihan was appointed Zhongshu Shilang Tongping Zhangshi and Privy Counsellor, equivalent to Prime Minister and Minister of Defence. Later, he was appointed as a Hanlin Bachelor, equivalent to the status of "Internal Minister". In this way, Sang Weihan held the three important positions of prime minister, privy council, and Hanlin scholar, and became a veritable minister of the Later Jin Dynasty.
After the founding of the Later Jin Dynasty, the Khitan interfered in the internal affairs of the Later Jin Dynasty many times in the name of its father country and the Shangguo, and demanded it indiscriminately and greedily; the government and the public also opposed this foreign policy of losing power and humiliating the country. Sang Weihan, on the other hand, was arrogant and arrogant, had no mouth, and had a bad relationship with his colleagues. From all aspects of analysis, the pot of Sang Weihan's traitor is fixed.
In the third year of Tianfu (938 AD), Yang Guangyuan, who remained in Xijing, wrote a letter accusing Sang Weihan of "harming public wealth and private interests, appointing officials unfairly, and building warehouses and hotels between the two capitals (Luoyang and Kaifeng) to compete with the people for profits." Shi Jingyao then transferred Sang Weihan to the post of Envoy of Jiedu in the following year. Shi Jingtang prefers to wash himself clean.
After Sang Weihan was released from the town, there was a political voice that "farming Sang is based on real warehouses, and trade is good for goods and wealth", and attaches great importance to agricultural production and commodity circulation. Sang Weihan eliminated more than twenty things of civil malpractice. It was originally the custom of Xiangzhou: "Sin one husband and break a family" As long as the thief is caught, there is no family property. Sunvihan announced that henceforth all thieves who were convicted according to the law would not confiscate their family property. The imperial court issued edicts praised and promoted nationwide. After moving to Yanzhou, Sang Weihan captured more than a thousand thieves, and the people were very happy.
In the sixth year of Tianfu (941 AD), Zhenzhou Chengde Jiedu made An Chongrong ashamed of his vassal Khitan and resisted Shu's request to attack the Khitans, which was greatly repercussed. At this time, Sang Weihan immediately went to the table to play a secret song, and forcefully chen resisted the Khitan "seven no's", and demonstrated from the perspective of the balance of forces between the two sides, the internal affairs of the country, the advantages and disadvantages of confrontation and affinity, etc., to maintain a good relationship with the Khitan and benefit the overall situation of the country. At the end, Sang Weihan said: "I am willing to gather people for Your Majesty's valley and persuade farmers to practice war." Wait until the country has nine years of savings, the army is ten times stronger, wait and see, wait for the opportunity, use one's own strengths, attack the other's short, and move will be successful. This shows that Sunvihan feels that once the time is ripe, it is necessary to change the status quo. No one wants to fall into the reputation of a traitor and leave behind his descendants. Shi Jingyao, also under pressure, agreed with his opinion and did not tear his face with the Khitans.
Strike again
In the first year of Kaiyun (944 AD), after the Jin Emperor Shi Chonggui succeeded to the throne, Sang Weihan was transferred back to the capital and appointed as a servant, but the real power was in the hands of the hard-line Khitan minister, who was waiting for the Wei army to command the envoy and inspector Jing Yanguang.
Jing Yanguang sent emissaries to the Khitans, but did not present the table of ministers but only letters, saying that Sun was not a subject, and the Khitan lord sent emissaries to condemn him. Jing Yanguang said to the emissary: "The current emperor has established himself for China, as a neighbor and as a grandson, but he cannot be called a vassal." The Jin Dynasty has 100,000 horizontal sharpened swords, Ah Weng will come quickly if he wants to fight, if he can't beat Sun Tzu late, he will be made fun of by the world, but don't regret it. Due to the disobedient attitude of the Later Jin Dynasty, the Khitan invaded the south on a large scale, and the war was ignited, and the fighting continued. The Jin Dynasty was clearly at a disadvantage. Sang Weihan repeatedly made peace with the Khitans, but was denied. The towns of the clans were also eager to move, just as The Zhenzhou Chengde Jiedushi made An Chongrong say: "Heavenly Son, those who are strong and strong should do it, and it is better to have a kind of Ya!" ”
Sang Weihan was furious, and the retainer said in front of Shi Zhonggui: "To control the Khitan and secure the world, it is necessary to use Weihan." Emperor Jin saw the current situation, and he was also short of heroism, so he transferred Jing Yanguang, the main warrior faction, away from the imperial court and went out to defend Luoyang. Sang Weihan was able to return to the position of prime minister and was promoted to Zhongshu Ling, and at the same time restored the Privy Council, with him as the Privy Counsellor.
Sunvihan took power for the second time, giving full play to his political talents, and various administrative affairs were handled well in the past few months. However, Sang Weihan had a flamboyant personality and was not in order, and was immediately impeached by the minister: "By virtue of his power, he widely collected bribes, and still accumulated thousands of goods between the years" caused criticism from the government and the public. However, Sang Weihan did not know how to advance or retreat, rebelled against the dragon scales, and then was deposed and appointed as the governor of Kaifeng. After that, he claimed to have a "foot disease" and rarely entered the DPRK.
Death and destruction of the nation
In the third year of Kaiyun (946 AD), Du Chongwei, the uncle of the Jin Emperor, went out on a campaign, was surrounded by the Khitans, and then led 100,000 Han troops to disarm and surrender, the Khitan attacked Kaifeng and destroyed the Later Jin, and the Jin Emperor surrendered, was given the title of Marquis of Disobedience, moved to Liaodong, and finally died in a foreign land.
The rebel army entered the city and plundered everywhere, and the subordinates persuaded Sang Weihan to escape from the disaster, and Sang Weihan said: "I am a heavy minister of the state, and the country has reached such a point, how can I escape?" ”
On December 16, 946, the rebel general Zhang Yanze led his soldiers into Kaifeng Province and shouted, "Where is Sang Wei Han'an?" When Sang Weihan heard this, he said sharply: "Zhang Yanze is rude, what merit do you have, as a heavy minister, the country is in danger, you can't do the work of dogs and horses, rebel against the imperial court, and be a thief, are you at ease?" Zhang Yanze saw Sang Weihan's generosity, and the two strands of trembling did not dare to look up, and after exiting, he said: "Sang Weihan is not an ordinary person, in this case, the majesty is still there, and I can't see him again." On the evening of the eighteenth day, Zhang Yanze ordered the warriors to go to the palace and strangle Sang Weihan to death. The history books say: "When Sang Weihan was killed, he looked at him with anger and repeatedly hissed, and with each exhalation there was a fire, and his flames were red, and the fire was dead." ”
Character determines fate, Sang Weihan realizes the ideal, has no scruples, and the ending should be knowable. A story from Sang Weihan: Sang Wei Han said to his friend when he was clothed: "The riches of my life are in the Creator, and there are three debts in my life that have not been repaid: gold and silver, prostitutes, and books. After the success of the achievement, one day with close friends to drink, Sang Weihan said: "I did not think that there would be such an achievement, I have three things to be happy about success, one is money, the second is a prostitute, and the third is not to dare to leave a book." I flaunted too much and punished myself with a big cup. ”。
Sang Weihan did not want to betray the country, in fact he never did, at first he just wanted to use the power of the Khitan to help Shi Jingyao realize his dream of becoming emperor, so as to realize his ideals. According to his strategy, if Emperor Xuan of Han was determined to be loyal to the Xiongnu, and Tang Taizong made meritorious contributions to the Turks, he could phoenix nirvana and be reborn from the fire. Unfortunately, in the later Jin Dynasty, natural disasters continued, water, drought, and locust plagues continued unceasingly, and in particular, in the past three years, thousands of people starved to death, and the families who fled were endless, while the Khitan fortunes soared. The national fortune is like this, what is the birth of Nai Cang? End with a poem.
Miscellaneous chants of one hundred Sang Weihan
【Author】Liu Kezhuang 【Dynasty】Song
Five seasons of proud towns, the end of the dynasty is easy to thousands of people.
Make no hole square habit, just like the Famous Minister.