#文章首发挑战赛#
The long-awaited Taiyuan Northern Qi Mural Tomb Museum finally opened outside on December 20. This is a mural museum built on the site of the original tomb of Xu Xianxiu in the Northern Qi Dynasty. The tomb of Xu Xianxiu is a well-known name in the archaeological field, and was one of the "Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries in 2002" in the mainland, and amazed the world with the well-preserved painted murals of the Northern Qi Dynasty in the whole tomb.
Exterior view of the Northern Qi Mural Museum
I have seen many murals that have disappeared due to environment, climate, man-made or improper protection, and I have also seen those tombs that have been backfilled or placed in the open air after excavation, and the grass slowly grows and is abandoned, which is very sad. As for the precious textbook-like mural tomb of Xu Xianxiu, how to protect and utilize the tomb has always been very concerning.
Northern Qi Mural Tomb Museum Xu Xianxiu Tomb Tomb Road
The choice to build a museum on the site of the original tomb to preserve and display the frescoes is a very new and meaningful attempt. The tombs and murals were preserved in their original appearance and repaired, reinforced, and stabilized, and were not removed and moved elsewhere, which is very conducive to the long-term preservation of the murals. The museum also makes use of many new technologies, which allow the audience to directly "travel" back to the Northern Qi Dynasty in the ruins, and see with their own eyes the history and culture, social outlook, and aristocratic life of the society at that time.
北齐徐显秀墓封土堆及出土镇墓俑
The Northern Qi Dynasty was an important dynasty of the Northern Dynasties during the Northern and Southern Dynasties on the mainland, but there may not be many people who are familiar with him. It was founded by Gao Huan, a powerful minister of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his descendants, and occupied the vast areas of North China and the Yellow River Valley when the country was strong, and the culture was very diverse.
The culture of the Northern Qi Dynasty inherited the Han style, relied on the Wei and Jin dynasties, and communicated with the Southern Dynasties, and also integrated foreign cultures, and the artistic achievements were very high. The image data of the Northern Qi Dynasty is very scarce, and the discovery of Xu Xianxiu's tomb is of great significance for us to understand the culture of the Northern Qi Dynasty.
Diagram of the tomb road
An exotic sapphire ring
The owner of the tomb, Xu Xianxiu, was a high-ranking official in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and was once awarded the title of Hussar General and the Founding Duke of Kinmen County. He enjoyed a life of infinite honor and wealth during his lifetime, and died at the age of 70 in his home in Jinyang in the second year of Wuping (571 AD).
The whole tomb of Xu Xianxiu is about 31 meters long, about 8 meters deep, sits in the north and faces south, is regular and symmetrical, and is composed of four parts: the tomb chamber, the corridor, the courtyard and the tomb road. Most of the items buried in the tomb were damaged due to theft, but most of the painted murals on the four walls of the tomb, the two walls of the tomb and the entrance of the Yongdao were preserved intact and the colors were as bright as new. All kinds of figures, chariots and horses, mythical beasts, honor guards, weapons, musical instruments, and decorative patterns of daily objects can be said to be everything.
Schematic diagram of the structure of the burial chamber
Schematic diagram of the tomb door figurines
The slope of the tomb is 23 degrees, about 22 meters long, about 3 meters wide, and about 6.1 meters at the deepest point. The mural is two 86 young and middle-aged soldiers guided by the divine beast to form an honor guard, divided into the east and west sides, some holding flags, some leading horses, some with swords and bows, just like a vivid and spectacular scene of the Northern Qi Dynasty officials and eunuchs. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, the tomb road drawing honor guard is the embodiment of the tomb level, and such a scale of honor guard also represents the noble identity and status of the tomb owner during his lifetime.
It is worth mentioning that the murals in the tomb of Xu Xianxiu did not apply a ground battle, but painted directly on the tomb wall by brushing a layer of white ash water.
The mural on the east wall of the cemetery
Mural on the west wall of the tomb road
The tomb is 6 meters square, and the north wall of the front is a graceful and luxurious tomb owner and his wife, sitting on the couch under the curtain with a cup. There are all kinds of dishes in front of you. On both sides, there are maid bands serving and entertaining, a luxurious scene of feasting and drinking.
Schematic diagram of the structure of Xu Xianxiu's tomb
Tomb north avoidance (front wall) feasting map
On the east and west walls of the burial chamber, there is a parade of honor guards of ox carts and saddle horses, each extending to the south wall of the burial chamber. The oxcart is located on the east wall of the tomb, with the bullock cart in the center of the picture, and the pommel horse on the west wall of the tomb, and the pommel horse echoing the ox in the center of the picture. The ox carts and saddle horses all face south. The ox cart is the means of travel for the tomb owner's wife, and the saddle horse is the mount of the tomb owner.
Drawing of a car on the east wall of the burial chamber
The west wall of the burial chamber is equipped with a horse map
Mural on the south wall of the tomb chamber
These should be the portrayal of the real life of the tomb owner during his lifetime, hoping to bring the glory and wealth of his life into the ground with his soul, and the infinite reincarnation of life and life.
The murals of Xu Xianxiu's tomb are as lifelike as the photos on the wall of the tomb, which records a lot of historical and cultural information, the opening of the Northern Qi Mural Museum allows us to have a better understanding of all aspects of social life in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and I hope that those who are interested will not miss this visual feast.