According to incomplete statistics, more than 30 cases of Dakouzun with carved symbols were unearthed in the late period of Dawenkou culture, and more than 20 complete vessels (including those that have been repaired), mainly concentrated in Juxian County, Shandong Province and Mengcheng, Anhui Province. There are many different interpretations of the specific meaning of the symbols depicted on the Dakouzun, including the interpretation of the pictorial text or the original text, as well as the celestial calendar symbols, nature worship symbols, sacrificial symbols, and clan symbols (clan emblem characters).
In 1957, when a flood broke out in Ju County, Shandong Province, Zhao Minglu, a clerk from Lingyang Township, collected some stone tools and pottery by the Lingyang River. In the summer of 1962, the staff of the Shandong Provincial Museum and Cultural Center inspected this place and confirmed that it was a remnant of the middle and late stages of the Dawenkou culture. In the autumn of 1963, the staff of Shandong Provincial Museum and Juxian Cultural Center conducted the first test excavation and unearthed more than 150 cultural relics. In the spring of 1977, Su Zhaoqing and Zhang Anli of Juxian Cultural Center cleaned up again and unearthed more than 120 important cultural relics.
In April 1979, the Shandong Provincial Museum and the Juxian County Cultural Relics Management Institute carried out large-scale excavations on the ruins of the Lingyang River, cleaned up 45 tombs, and unearthed more than 2,800 pieces of cultural relics, including Dakouzun, leaky cylinders, high-necked jars, etc., and some of the Dakouzun abdomen were engraved with symbols, among which the two Dakouzun of Lingyang River and Dazhu Village Ruins were engraved with the symbols of suspected "Sun Moon Mountain". Experts and scholars have studied these symbols, believing that this is the prototype of mainland Chinese characters, and interpreting the symbols, but no consistent interpretation has been formed. According to the excavation briefing, "45 tombs of the Dawenkou culture were excavated three times before and after the Lingyanghe cemetery, all of which belong to the late period of the Dawenkou culture in terms of the era. ”
In 1973, many pottery pieces were found in Qianzhai Village of Zhucheng City. In the autumn of 1980, after archaeological excavations, nearly 100 Dawenkou and Longshan cultural tombs were cleaned up, especially the remnants of Tao Zun had the residual word "Sun Moon Mountain", which was exactly the same as the one unearthed at the Lingyang River site in Juxian County. According to the research of experts, the ruins of Zhucheng Qianzhai and the ruins of Lingyang River in Juxian County belong to the same tribal site.
Which tribe left these remains? Historiography has different opinions. Some experts believe that the cultural relics of this tribe should be the ruins of the Yu tribe. Mr. Wang Shuming, who presided over the archaeological excavation of the Dawenkou Cultural Cemetery in Lingyang River and Dazhu Village in Juxian County, pointed out in the article "The Taozun Characters Found in Cangjie Composition and Dawenkou Culture": "The archaeological excavation of the Qianzhai in Zhucheng and Lingyanghe ruins in Juxian County has found exactly the same material culture in the two places, and the social development stage is also completely the same. Therefore, it is presumed that the Taozun script found in the area of Lingyang River in Juxian County is also the material cultural relics of the Taihao tribe of Dishun. ”
There are funeral customs unique to the Yu tribeThere is the Yu clan, as a tribe in ancient times, that is, the "Yu Shun" in the history books.
In the 80s of the last century, the cultural accumulation of two periods of Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture was found in Mengcheng, Anhui Province. In 1989, the site of Weichi Temple, which was identified as the site of the Neolithic Age, began to excavate, in the range of 10,000 square meters, nearly 10,000 pieces of stone tools and pottery were unearthed, and some baby urn coffins were also unearthed, the coffin was Dakouzun, and the urn coffin was engraved with the same "Sun Moon Mountain" symbol as the Dakouzun of the Lingyang River site in Juxian County.
Regarding the tribe of the Weichi Temple site in Mengcheng, Anhui, the author also believes that there is a Yu tribe, that is, the tribe to which Yu Shun belongs. The "Youyu's tile coffin" in "The Book of Rites: Tan Gong Shang" refers to the burial utensils made of pottery by the Yu family, and "the burial of the dead without clothes with the tile coffin of the Yu clan" means that the pottery burial utensils of the Yu clan are used to bury people who died under the age of seven. Yu Shun is the Yu family, "Historical Records of the Five Emperors": "From the Yellow Emperor to Shun and Yu, they all have the same surname and different country names...... Emperor Shun is in danger. "From the Anhui Mengcheng Weichi Temple site unearthed children's tile coffin, it can be known that the site is the site of the Yu tribe, the site of the Lingyang River in Ju County, Shandong Province is engraved with the same symbol of the Dakouzun, is also the pottery of the Yu tribe, so as to prove that the Lingyang River tribe of Ju County in the same period is the Yu tribe.
Judging from the records of the "Book of Rites", burying children who died in an urn coffin is a unique burial custom of the Yu family, and the urn coffin of children at the site of Weichi Temple in Mengcheng County, Anhui Province conforms to the funeral customs of the Yu family. Can we find clues in the local local history?
"Mengcheng County Chronicles" overview: "Mengcheng County has a long history. During the Neolithic period, humans thrived here. In the Xia Dynasty, the northwest of the border was the Yu clan, and the southeast was the Tushan clan. "The site of Weichi Temple is in the north of Mengcheng County, Anhui Province, which is in line with the record of the location of the Yu clan in the Mengcheng County Chronicle. The archaeological discovery of the site of Weichi Temple is not only in line with the characteristics of the burial customs of the Yu clan in the Book of Rites, but also in line with the record of the distribution of the Yu clan in the Mengcheng County Chronicle, which can prove that this site is the remains of the Yu tribe.
The territory of "Sun Moon Mountain" continues to expandIn August 2018, the Jinan Institute of Archaeology carried out archaeological excavations on the southeast site of Zhuang, and unearthed a sand-filled gray pottery Dakouzun in H129, with a diameter of 32 cm and a height of 62 cm, and the outer wall was engraved with the "Sun Moon Mountain" pottery symbol. The excavators judged its age to be the late period of the Dawenkou culture.
Scholars from the Jinan Institute of Archaeology wrote that the site "should belong to the low-level settlements around the Dawenkou site". There is a record in the history books about the establishment of the ancient Sui Kingdom by the descendants of Yu Shun, "In the summer and June, the Qi people were destroyed. Note: Suiguo: After Shun. Regarding the land of the Spring and Autumn Suiguo, the "Minutes of Reading History and Public Opinion" contains: "Snake Hill City is in the northwest of (Ningyang County)...... Northern Qi Waste ...... Suicheng, in the northeast of Snake Hill Waste County, so Suiguo". Wang Shuming's "Interpretation of the Legend of Emperor Shun and Archaeological Discoveries" cloud: "The old country of Dongyi was also after Emperor Shun Taihao. Its birthplace is about the northwest of Ningyang County, Shandong Province, and the border with Feicheng. ”
Yuzhuang Village, Fushan Town, Ningyang County, coincides with the location of the ancient Sui Kingdom recorded in history, the excavation of the site proves the scholars' research and documentary records, and proves that the unearthed "Sun Moon Mountain" Dakouzun is a unique marker of Youyu's family.
Not only Ningyang, but also in the Laizhou area of Yantai, there are also traces of the pottery of Sun Moon Mountain.
In 2021, a news of "major archaeological discoveries in Yantai! The advent of a large-scale settlement site in Lucun, Laizhou", pushed a large-scale settlement site in Laizhou covering the late Dawenkou culture and the early Longshan culture to the public.
The ruins of Lvcun are located in the north of Lvcun, Pinglidian Town, Laizhou City, Yantai City. "Laizhou City Chronicle" contains: "Laizhou has a long history, according to the ancient ruins, about 6,000 years ago in the Neolithic period, there were human beings living in the territory. When Tang Yao and Yu Shun were in Laiyi. In the Xia Dynasty, the Dongyi people built the country, and the city was in the north of the city in the present city to pass the east of the West Village, and then it was destroyed by the Xia, and it still belonged to the Xia Dynasty, which belonged to Qingzhou. "This site may be the site of the Xia Dynasty.
Qing Yongzheng's "Shandong Tongzhi Qifeng Zhi" contains: "Pass, according to the surname and make Yi, after the Yellow Emperor, Xia Hanxun poured his son in the past, and there was a township in today's Ye County, and there was a pavilion. Laizhou Lu Village is located in the north of Jiuye County, here is the country of Shao Rehabilitation Country, Shaokang defected to Youyu after marrying Yu's wife, led Youyu's troops, recovered the country, since then Laizhou Lu Village has lived in the Yu tribe, so here unearthed the "Sun Moon Mountain" Dakouzun, this symbol is the aforementioned "Sun Moon Mountain" Tao Wen.
In June this year, the report of "Sun Moon Mountain Inscription Found at Sidun Site, and the Yangtze River Delta Region Belonged to the "Great Songze Cultural Circle" more than 5,000 years ago, which further expanded the territory of the "Sun Moon Mountain" inscription.
Located in the northeast of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, the site is an oval mound 20 meters above the ground, 100 meters from east to west, 80 meters from north to south. The site is distributed in the east and north farmland under the mound, and the existing area is about 60,000 square meters. Since the 70s of the last century, a variety of cultural relics such as pottery and jade bicong have been unearthed.
In June this year, the Nanjing Museum Sidun archaeological workstation on the sixth archaeological excavation of the Changzhou Sidun site was disclosed, the excavation of Songze cultural tombs nearly 50, unearthed a large number of pottery, jade, stone tools and other precious cultural relics, found on the pottery with Shandong Dawenkou cultural characteristics of the Sun Moon Mountain carved symbols. In November, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage reported that the Sidun site was a central settlement site of the Songze-Liangzhu cultural period.
Changzhou City is adjacent to Wuxi City in the south, and historical records record that Wuxi City belongs to the ancient Wu State and is the residence of the son of Yu Shun. The Changzhou area is close to Wuxi City and belongs to the territory of Wu State. From the above historical data, it can be seen that the site of the temple pier is the residence of the Yu family, so it has also unearthed the pottery pieces with the inscription of Riyun Mountain of Dawenkou culture in Shandong.
Migration leaves a mark on historyMr. Liu Dunyuan, the founder of the archaeology major of Shandong University, was the first to combine the archaeological data of the Haidai area with ancient history and legends to explore the ethnic problems of the prehistoric inhabitants.
As the "Hushu Culture" of Jiangsu's regional civilization exploration project, there have been many discussions on its ethnic affiliation. Regarding the issue of the ethnic affiliation of Hushu culture, Mr. Liu Jianguo put forward the Dongyi theory in the article "A New Exploration of the Relationship between Yihou and Wu". Scholars believe that Hushu culture is not a change of one nation at a time, one place. Its earliest creator was a branch of the Dongyi people, the elements of the Zhou nationality were added in the middle period, and the late clan was more expanded, and it was integrated into part of the Yue people, but a branch of the Dongyi tribe has always been the creator of Hushu culture.
To sum up, the ruins of Lingyang River and Dazhu Village in Juxian County, the ruins of Zhucheng Qianzhai, the ruins of Weichi Temple in Mengcheng, the ruins of Yuzhuang in Ningyang, the ruins of Lucun in Laizhou, and the ruins of Changzhou Sidun have all unearthed Dakouzun or fragments engraved with the symbol of "Sun Moon Mountain", and the pottery depiction symbol unearthed from the site of Yinyangying in the north of Nanjing is similar to the pottery symbol of the Lingyang River site in Juxian County. Although these sites are located in different locations, the footprints of the local Yu clan can be found in ancient historical records.
Judging from the research results of many scholars, these sites are the remains of the Dongyi people, "Mencius" cloud, Emperor Shun is a person of Dongyi, that is to say, there is a Yu family for the Dongyi people. Therefore, it can be considered that the Dakouzun engraved with the symbol of "Sun Moon Mountain" is the cultural relics of the Youyu clan of Dongyi. The Yu clan migrated around, leaving a mark on each place.
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