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Text: There is material in the big core
Edit|Big core has material
In 2005, South Korea made a film called "My Marriage Expedition", which tells the story of a bachelor in a remote rural village in South Korea who does not hesitate to spend a lot of money to "buy" a bride in a foreign country.
The country where the Korean youth went in the story is the protagonist of today's article, Uzbekistan, a country in the interior of Central Asia, which has always had a relatively low sense of presence in the world, but its policy of "exporting" brides to the outside world and forcibly sterilizing them internally has caused quite a stir in the world.
Since its independence in 1991, more than 30 years have passed, and the economy of Uzbekistan has not improved, but has become more and more alive.
Such a small country, deep in Central Asia, where the United States, Russia, and other big countries often stage open and secret battles, but not only does he not know how to play left and right, but on the contrary, he offends two big countries at the same time.
So the question is, why does a small Central Asian country with a small body size and a perennial economic downturn have such a strange and abnormal situation?
Uzbekistan after independence
Uzbekistan is located in the inland region of Asia, is one of the five countries in Central Asia, the climate is perennially arid, the terrain is mostly endless desert, in general is not suitable for human survival, most of its domestic posthumous population is distributed in the Ferghana Basin.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan, like other former member states, carried out economic reforms at home, trying to change from a planned economy to a market economy, and in the process inevitably the situation of Ukraine and Russia became independent.
But compared with Russia and Ukraine, Uzbekistan's situation is more difficult, first of all, its geographical location is far less superior than Ukraine, and there is no fertile black soil in the territory to produce food, and secondly, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of Russian scientists and experts returned to China, the original heavy industry in the country entered a shutdown, and the economy completely stagnated.
The land was not suitable for food cultivation, and heavy industry was at a standstill, and the situation in Uzbekistan was not optimistic, and it was even more difficult to complete the transition to a market economy.
At that time, the main economic resources of Uzbekistan returned to traditional industries, mainly gold mining, cotton exports, oil exports and natural gas exports.
It stands to reason that as long as these directions can be done well, there will certainly be no big problem for the economy to achieve growth, but Uzbekistan is too dependent on these major industries, the development of domestic light industry is slow, and many daily necessities and even food are dependent on imports.
The mining of minerals will inevitably have a serious impact on the domestic environment, and the production of cotton is inseparable from water sources, and Uzbekistan, which is located in the landlock, uses 65% of the country's water resources for cotton irrigation.
This has not only caused serious ecological problems, but also extended to the level of social production and life, in Uzbekistan, there has always been a shortage of water resources, everywhere to restrict the daily life of residents, hotels can only shower, and there are time constraints.
In this context, the Uzbek economy is extremely dependent on natural resources, the export of oil and gas, in addition to its own factors, changes in international oil prices also affect its domestic economy, coupled with the weakness of light industry, the development of heavy industry is stagnant, and the economic transformation of the whole country is facing severe challenges.
As of 2021, the country's per capita GDP is less than 2,000 US dollars, you know, as early as the 70 Soviet Union of the last century, the per capita GDP at that time has reached 1,750 US dollars.
Demographic issues
Uzbekistan's demographic problems are also acute in the face of the economic downturn, with the country's population growth rate falling sharply since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the introduction of family planning policies for certain ethnic groups of women in the country, forcing them to undergo sterilization.
However, it can be said that it is very contradictory to encourage Uzbek women in the country to have children, although the growth rate is low, but the actual number of births is not a lot, so why is there such a peculiar scene in Uzbekistan?
Uzbekistan has a population of just over 30 million, but there are 134 ethnic groups, the main ethnic group is the Uzbek ethnic group, and the other ethnic groups mainly include Russians, Tatars, Koreans, Ukrainians, Chechens and Jews, etc., all of whom were forcibly relocated here during the Soviet Union.
After the independence of Uzbekistan, nationalism prevailed in the country, and the Juche ethnic group advocated childbearing because of its belief in Islam, while other ethnic minorities fled from Uzbekistan one after another under the suppression of the Juche ethnic group.
Among them, ethnic Russians are the most obvious, Uzbekistan actually does not like Russian culture, and the trend of de-Russification in the country is particularly prominent, so many ethnic Russians left here in chaos and returned to Russia.
This is the main reason why the country's fertility rate is rising, but the growth rate is decreasing, and the easiest and most direct way for other minorities in Uzbekistan to leave other than immigrants is transnational marriage, which is the real reason why the country "exports" brides abroad.
In addition to the country's nationalist policies, the economic downturn is the main reason for the migration, and the current proportion of young people in Uzbekistan is relatively high, the age structure is young, but the unemployment rate in the country is high, and young people who cannot find a job either go abroad to earn a living or lie flat at home, and the overall social sentiment is negative, which provides a breeding ground for extremism.
The state is corrupt
After the collapse of the former Soviet Union, most of the member states faced the problem of government corruption after independence, such as Ukraine, Russia, and Uzbekistan.
The daughter of its first president, Karimov, became the richest woman in Central Asia, and her father could not do without her father's encouragement, and the struggle between various interest groups in the country was very serious, and the government was corrupt and embezzled, and wantonly looted the people's fat and cream, which was also one of the factors that made its economy unable to develop for a long time.
In terms of foreign relations, the country not only strongly opposes the infiltration of Russian forces into Central Asia, but also has many contradictions with other surrounding countries due to religious issues and ethnic contradictions, and once drove US troops out of Uzbekistan, which led to the intensification of US economic sanctions against it, and its relations with the United States and Russia are not good.
As far as the country's prospects are concerned, some people have compared this country to the former Yugoslavia, whose internal ethnic contradictions are serious, and Afghanistan, a neighboring country with rampant extremist forces, and the country's future is still in doubt.
epilogue
Uzbekistan's current situation is actually closely related to the historical reasons of this country, in history, they have not had a long-term unified dynasty, but have always been the backyard of Tsarist Russia, and the result of long-term enslavement by the Russians is that the anti-Russian problem in its country is particularly prominent.
Although they claim to be the successors of the Timurid Empire and are committed to building a single nation-state, in fact, this road is not easy to follow, but it is easy to provoke the resistance of the ethnic minorities in their own countries, and it has not played a positive role in the impact on economic development and national living standards.
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