#文章首发挑战赛#
Text: Xiao Peng's brilliant notes
Editor|Xiao Peng's brilliant notes
[Preface]
In the development of modern science and technology, artificial satellites play an increasingly important role, and their applications in our lives are becoming more and more extensive.
Like some of the live news broadcasts we watch in our lives, as well as the increasingly convenient mobile phone communication, they are all realized through artificial satellites.
A variety of satellites provide precise directions for our travels, familiarize us with the weather every day, and allow our missiles to strike with precision.
Not only can people see the world anywhere on the earth without leaving home, but it can even allow us to see the world outside the earth, if there is no artificial satellite, then the convenience and beauty of our daily life.
In the game of science and technology of various countries, it represents a country's ability to explore space, and it also represents a country's scientific strength.
According to the statistics that have been made public, the number of satellites launched by the United States, as a military power, is 3,433, while the number launched by Russia is 172.
So how many of them do we have in China? How far have we developed in the field of artificial satellites?
【The Significance of Launching an Artificial Satellite 】
The world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik-1, was successfully launched in 1957, when the satellite was operating at an altitude of 900 kilometers above the ground, which was an important milestone and turning point in human space exploration.
In fact, at the beginning of space exploration, artificial satellites were not in the direction of people's planned development, but in the process of actual operation, everyone found that it was too difficult to live and work in space.
Artificial satellites can replace the full use of human beings in space, using artificial satellites, without the obstruction of the atmosphere, people can observe all the bands of information emitted by celestial bodies in the universe without obstruction.
Some satellites perform only one function, while others can perform multiple functions, such as TIROS, COSMOS and GOES satellites, which are meteorological satellites that can help meteorologists predict the weather.
GPS must be familiar to everyone, it is used to provide global positioning and navigation services, can also be used for geophysical research, and also has a huge application in remote sensing mapping.
Artificial satellites were originally developed for military purposes, using artificial satellites to observe enemy movements, carry out missile launch warnings, and also carry out radar imaging, photography, and so on.
Looking back at the past, our world has changed dramatically, and satellites can be said to have played an important role.
[Number of Sputniks in the United States]
The United States is now the country that has launched the largest number of artificial satellites in the world, with 3,395 satellites in the available data, and its achievements in this regard can be said to be at the forefront of the world.
But it was not the United States that launched the first artificial satellite, as we mentioned earlier, it was the Soviet Union, and after the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite in 1957, the United States launched its first artificial satellite three months later.
The application of the US GPS satellite navigation system in the world can be said to be very extensive, and the navigation satellites independently developed by the United States have also helped them easily grasp the global military trends to a certain extent.
In the development of military satellites, the United States was the first to launch practical reconnaissance satellites, and the "Intruder" was the most advanced generation of all electronic reconnaissance satellites.
It is part of the country's "integrated national top signal reconnaissance system", which has multi-orbit capabilities and can replace satellites in geostationary orbits and large elliptical orbits.
It can not only conduct electronic reconnaissance, but also collect intelligence, with a capability range of 2,000 kilometers, and it is said that the new generation of electronic reconnaissance satellites they have developed have begun to explore in the direction of stealth.
【The mainland's first artificial satellite】
Perhaps everyone has blurred the scene of celebration and excitement when the mainland's first artificial satellite was launched, but no one will forget the music of "Dongfang Hong" that came from space at that time.
The successful launch of the first artificial satellite not only enhanced the mainland's national defense strength to a great extent, but also represented an achievement in the construction of our new China.
In such a difficult and difficult situation, all the components on the satellite and the theoretical and technical difficulties in the research and development process were completed by ourselves.
When it comes to "Dongfanghong No. 1", we have to say that its chief designer, Qian Ji, wrote the "First Artificial Satellite Program Report", which was the general idea of artificial satellite design at that time.
During the R&D process at that time, at the beginning of the project, it encountered a very large natural disaster, and the funds at that time were also very difficult, so it could not support the development and launch mission.
Later, with the efforts of Qian Ji and many other scientists, the "Dongfeng-4" was successfully launched, and with enough experience accumulation, he immediately applied for the resumption of the artificial satellite project.
In the process of satellite research and development, even though he was transferred out of the satellite research laboratory and did not have any scientific research equipment, he continued to conduct research and summarized tens of thousands of satellite research data cards within two years.
Later, he handed in this planning manuscript, which included three launch plans for artificial satellites, which became the central guide for manufacturing launches in the later stage.
The launch of the first artificial satellite changed the international pattern in this field at that time, greatly improved our international status at that time, and made countless Chinese people excited.
【Parasitic Stars Unique to the Mainland】
At the same time, the number of artificial satellites launched by the mainland is 541, and the exploration and development in this field will continue to deepen.
Up to now, we have made remarkable achievements in the field of satellite exploration, and some have even been in a leading position in the world.
For example, the parasitic star unique to the continent is our national heavy weapon in the field of space, and its role is the same as its name, which can be attached to other satellites.
Once it receives the command and successfully attaches itself to the local satellite, it can block the other party's satellite signal and even destroy the local satellite if necessary.
If it can complete the deployment ahead of schedule, then when it comes to real combat, it can collapse the opponent's satellite system and interfere with the process of the opponent's acquisition of ground information.
What's more, the manufacturing cost is also very low, almost only one thousandth of that of a normal satellite, because the mass and volume of parasitic stars are very small.
It has solar cells and storage batteries to provide power, and during operation, it can transmit satellite images of the other party back to the ground, so that the ground controller can fix it in the position of the other party's satellite.
The fixed method is a miniature mechanical claw, which can interfere with its normal operation and use soft killing means to achieve the goal after being fixed to a local satellite.
【History of Russian Satellite Development】
Although Russia is also a military power, the pace of its development in the field of satellites is indeed temporarily lagging behind the United States, but it is still at the forefront of world development.
The data shows that the number of artificial satellites launched by it is 172, which mainly inherits the space "heritage" of Soviet Airlines, and their GLONASS navigation system was developed very early.
At present, it has 23 satellites in its system, mainly covering the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, although it has lagged behind in the research and development of this field in the middle, but in recent years it has greatly increased its attention to the space industry.
Cooperation between the mainland and its navigation satellite has also been further developed, and an agreement was signed between the two sides last year to build a global satellite navigation station in the country.
Russia has established ground stations in three places on the mainland, while we have established three stations on each other's territory, a move that not only increases the coverage of satellite navigation, but also improves the accuracy of navigation systems.
【Other Top Sputnik Powers】
Britain is also the first in Europe in the development of the aerospace field, with about 368 satellites in orbit, and is one of the first countries to establish an aerospace industry.
In 1971, the UK's first artificial satellite was successfully launched, becoming the sixth country to successfully launch an artificial satellite with a homemade rocket.
Although compared with the United States and China, the development and achievements of Britain in the space industry are not very eye-catching, but its exploration of the space industry has indeed not stopped.
As a developed country, Japan is also very active in space exploration, and is the fourth country in the world to have artificial satellite technology, with about 205 satellites in orbit.
India has set a world record for satellite launches, the largest number of satellites ever launched in a single country, and now they have launched about 101 artificial satellites.
France is also known as a satellite power, and is the fourth country to have reconnaissance satellites after the United States, Russia, and Israel, and its satellite manufacturing capacity is also very prominent.
【Conclusion】
Although artificial satellites play an important role in our daily lives, they also have important significance and role in national strength.
However, it is still necessary to look rationally at the number of artificial satellites launched into space, because the space environment also needs to be protected, and too many satellites will cause collisions, which will further increase the production of space junk.
Too much space junk will not only affect human space activities and threaten the safety of human activities in space, but also the speed of space junk is very fast, even a small piece of debris will cause serious damage to the aircraft, and then affect the normal work.
We don't have a perfect means of space clean-up now, so we can only work on the life of satellites, but I believe that in the future, human beings will also have systematic measures to deal with it, find a sustainable way to satellites, and promote the sustainable development of human science and technology.
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