<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > preface</h1>
With the revival of traditional culture, more and more friends like ancient poetry. However, when we appreciate ancient poetry, we often encounter some inexplicable places.
Lao Jie believes that ancient poetry can be roughly divided into three types according to the degree of understanding. The first, you can understand it at first glance; the second, you can understand it after reading the annotations; and the third, thinking that you can understand it at first glance, is actually another mystery.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > ancient poems that can be understood at a glance</h1>
Bai Juyi has a story that the old woman can understand. It is said that every time he composes a poem, he has to show it to an old woman, and if she can't understand it, Bai Juyi will revise it until he can understand it.
In ancient poetry, there are indeed many works that can be understood at a glance. For example, Luo Bin wang's "Wing Goose" that we learned from childhood:
Goose goose goose, song to the sky. White hair floats green water, red palms pluck clear waves.
Another example is Li Bai's "Quiet Night Thoughts":
The bright moonlight in front of the bed is suspected to be frost on the ground. Look up at the bright moon and look down at your hometown.
Another example is Bai Juyi's Seven Laws of "Spring Trip to Qiantang Lake":
Gushan Temple north of Jia Ting West, the water surface of the initial flat cloud foot low.
A few early warblers compete to warm the trees, and whose new swallows peck at the spring mud.
The flowers are becoming more and more attractive to the eye, and asakusa can have no horseshoes.
Favorite lake eastbound is insufficient, green poplar shade in the white sand embankment.
These simple and easy-to-understand poems do not need to be annotated. It is not much different from the way we express our language today, and it is easy to understand at a glance.
The same is true of words, there are many works that are very well understood, such as Li Qingzhao's "Like a Dream Order":
Often remember the sunset of the Creek Pavilion, drunk and do not know the way back. Returning to the boat in the evening, I mistakenly fell into the depths of the lotus flower. Scramble for the ferry, scramble for the ferry, startle a beach of gulls and herons.
Longer words, there are also many works that are clear and well-spoken, such as Su Shi's "Water Tune Song Head", this song Su Shi also wrote a small preface, talking about the background of the creation:
Mid-Autumn Festival, drinking and getting drunk, writing this article, and conceiving a son.
Its word cloud:
When is the moon? Ask the wine to qingtian. I don't know what year it is in the heavenly palace. I want to go home by the wind, and I am afraid of Qionglou Yuyu, and the high places are cold. Dancing to find out the shadow, how it seems to be in the human world.
Turn zhu ge, low Qi household, no sleep. There should be no hatred, why should it be long to go to the other time? People have sorrows and joys, and the moon has clouds and sunshine, and this matter is difficult to complete. May people be long-lasting, and thousands of miles will be cherished together.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" > second, need to see the annotated ancient poems</h1>
Wang Guowei raised the question of separation and non-separation in "Human Words".
1. Allusions and characters
A lot of poets drop their book bags and use a lot of texts, and if you don't read the notes, you can't figure out what he's talking about. For example, Xin Shuyi's "Yongyule Jingkou Beiguting Huaigu":
Throughout the ages, the hero has no place for Sun Zhong. Dance hall song stage, the wind is always blown away by the rain and wind. Slanting grass trees, ordinary alleys and strange, humane slaves once lived. Think of that year, Jinge iron horse, swallowed like a tiger.
Yuan Jia Cao Cao, sealed the wolf Juxu, won the Canghuang Beigu. Forty-three years, looking at the middle of the memory, Beacon Yangzhou Road. Looking back, under the Buddha's Shrine, a sacred crow club drum. Who asked: Honest and old, can you still eat?
Most people know about Sun Zhongmou and Lian Po, but who are the slaves? Who is the Buddha? What does Yuanjia Grass mean?
There are so many allusions to the characters used in this poem, but some of the characters are not as famous as Sun Quan and Lian Po, and most readers need to read the annotations to understand the background of the stories of these characters.
Fo Tanuki, bì lí, small characters of Northern Wei Tuoba Tao (Taiwu Emperor). The Lord of the Jin Dynasty who invaded the Song Dynasty under the Dark Guide.
Ji Nu, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty Liu Yu nickname. At that time, the Northern Expedition was invincible.
Yuan Jia Cao Cao (元嘉草草) refers to the story of Liu Yu's son Liu Yilong of the Song Dynasty, who failed the Northern Expedition during the Yuan Jia period. It led Tuoba Tao to the south and almost crossed the Yangtze River.
2. Rhetorical style
Others are rhetorical and confusing. For example, Lin Kui's two poems:
Grass mud row Guo Suo, cloud wood called hook.
Guo Suo is the posture, the look of crab crawling. Hooks are sounds, partridges called sounds. This is a form of borrowing, using phonological and morphological words to refer to animals.
This kind of vocabulary to describe crabs and partridges, which we no longer use today, is a gap caused by differences in language expressions.
Another example is Bai Juyi's "Ask Liu Nineteen":
Green ant new wine, red clay small stove.
Late to the day want snow, can you drink a cup of nothing?
This poem must have been well understood in ancient times, because green ants represented wine that everyone knew at that time. But modern people do not have the habit of such pronouns. I might use Qingdao or Yanjing for beer, and Maotai and Wuliangye for liquor.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="75" > third, think you understand, but in fact, you may not understand</h1>
There is also a phenomenon that works that we think are easy to understand are actually mysterious. Without understanding the background of the creation at that time, the language and social environment at that time, it is difficult to understand the true meaning of the author.
For example, Li Shangyin's "Dragon Pond" in the Tang Dynasty
The dragon pond gave wine to the cloud screen, and the karma drum sounded high and the music stopped.
In the middle of the night, the feast returned to the palace and the king of Xue woke up drunk.
King Xue drunkenly woke up, and the last sentence seemed simple and clear, but it contained deep irony. Why was King Xue drunk, but King Shou sober?
Because just now at the Dragon Pond banquet, yang Yuhuan, the hostess of infinite scenery, was once the princess of Shouwang, but now she has become the stepmother of Shouwang. You said that when he was drinking, could he still have a mood with King Xue?
People who know this period of history will naturally understand it at a glance. People who do not understand this background may only stay on the surface meaning of this poem, thinking that Li Shangyin just wrote an ordinary night feast.
There is also a case where the poet uses a dark code in his work. The ancients said: When using poetry, it should be like the Zen family saying: salt in the water does not know, and drinking water knows the taste of salt.
When using the Ming classics, the reader does not understand the allusions, just like erecting a wall in front of him, and it is impossible to pass without pushing. In the words of the dark code, I don't know if there is a code, the road can still be walked, and it seems that I can appreciate this poem according to my own understanding.
For example, Zhou Bida, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem to Zhu Xi, "For many years, the audio-visual unknown has ears and rain and empty flowers, especially into small poems for this year":
Night rain smells and hears rain, and spring flowers see the air. He is blind and blind, and now he is deaf and deaf as a rich man.
Zhou Bida said that he was deaf and blind in his old age, so he claimed to be a blind prime minister who was stupid and deaf. It seems to be a kind of self-deprecation of the old man's physical condition.
But this blind prime minister is practically an allusion to the Tang Dynasty Zai related broadcast. Guan Bo recommended the stupid Li Yuanping to resist the rebel general Li Xilie, and as a result, Li Xilie thought it was an insult, so he scolded Guan Bo as a blind prime minister.
At that time, many people who zhou bida appreciated or recommended were persecuted and suppressed by Han Nongxin, so Zhou Bida laughed at himself as a blind prime minister.
The poem ostensibly says that he is old, but in fact it is a satire on the government at that time.
Another example is Zhu Qingyu's poems such as "Recently Trying to Go to Zhang's Water Department", Zhang Qingyu's "Jie Nü Yin , Sending Dongping Li Sikong Shi Dao", and Wang Yisun's "Water Dragon Yin Bai Lian", which literally mean one meaning, but actually speak another meaning.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="105" > concluding remarks</h1>
Is the above three ancient poems summarized by Lao Jie a little reasonable?
From elementary school to university textbooks, ancient poems are actually selected from simple to profound. Most of the ancient poems in elementary school textbooks are the first case, and gradually increase the difficulty later.
The reading comprehension of many poems must not only understand the allusions, but also need to combine the historical environment and the background of creation to truly understand the author's intentions.
@Old Street Taste
The taste of the old street "Nanxiangzi" three songs, by the way, compare the differences between the three commonly used word recipes