With the arrival of autumn and winter
Influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, bacterial infection
and other types of respiratory diseases
There has been an increase
How can I identify different respiratory diseases?
How to deal with "one old and one young" scientifically?
In response to public hot concerns
The National Health Commission a few days ago
Organize interviews with medical experts
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"Autumn and winter are the seasons with a high incidence of respiratory diseases, and recently we have clinically observed a gradual increase in the number of patients with influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Peking University First Hospital, said that on the whole, the number of influenza cases has increased, the number of new coronavirus infection cases has slowed down, and it is expected that there may be a slight fluctuation after the winter, and the number of cases of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children has increased.
Wang Guiqiang said that whether it is influenza, new coronavirus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, the actual symptoms of ordinary adults after infection are mild, but the elderly and patients with underlying diseases have relatively poor resistance, and are at high risk of developing pneumonia and severe disease. These infections tend to disrupt the upper respiratory tract immune barrier in vulnerable populations, secondary to some bacterial infections, which can lead to exacerbation of the disease.
"For people at high risk of severe disease, it is important to make an accurate differential diagnosis at an early stage and use drugs in a timely manner. Wang Guiqiang suggested that if key groups of people have high fever, severe cough, cough up yellow sputum and other symptoms of pneumonia or other upper respiratory tract infections, they should go to the hospital in time for treatment, test the pathogen, and use drugs correctly.
Sun Li, deputy director of the Cuigezhuang Community Health Service Center in Chaoyang District, Beijing, said that if patients of all ages have symptoms of cough or other respiratory diseases, if they are not too serious and do not have a persistent high fever, choosing a community hospital can be more convenient and quick for initial screening.
"Not all mycoplasma infections develop into pneumonia because the vast majority of children have mild symptoms and are predominantly upper respiratory tract infections. Wang Quan, director of the Department of Intensive Care Medicine at Beijing Children's Hospital, said that Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a relatively common respiratory disease in children in autumn and winter, and it will be epidemic every 3 to 7 years, so parents need to look at it scientifically.
According to experts, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is neither a bacterium nor a virus, and its biological characteristics are between viruses and bacteria, and it is an atypical pathogen.
If your child has a body temperature of 40 degrees Celsius or higher, persists in high fever for more than 3 days, has irritating dry cough, or even affects normal work and rest, has poor mental condition, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and dyspnea, it may be infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and you need to take your child to the hospital as soon as possible.
Recently, so-called mycoplasma infection diagnosis and treatment suggestions such as "three-piece mycoplasma medication set" and "children's home rehabilitation package" have appeared on the Internet.
In this regard, Wang Quan said that it is not recommended that parents give their children medicine by themselves. Because children have a low body weight and many organs are not yet fully developed, children's medication needs to be combined with their underlying conditions. It is necessary to give a safer medication regimen after evaluation by a doctor.
On the other hand, from the current clinical point of view, there are more cases of influenza virus infection in children, so only after passing the pathogen detection can the right medicine be prescribed.
Xu Baoping, director of the first respiratory department of Beijing Children's Hospital, also said that children's medication needs to pay attention to safety and efficacy, and follow the 5R principle, that is, the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right time and the right route of administration.
The first-line treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia is macrolide antimicrobials, including azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc. Penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics are ineffective in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia.
Some parents of children follow the advice of the Internet and give their children azithromycin, ibuprofen, and mephenamine "three-piece set" on their own, which is not advisable.
First of all, some children have symptoms of cough and high fever, which may not be mycoplasma infection, but a viral infection, and do not need to take antibacterial drugs.
Secondly, azithromycin is a macrolide antibacterial drug, which is a prescription drug that needs to be used under the guidance of a physician or pharmacist, and it is not recommended to take it on your own. Your child's medication will be adjusted based on your child's weight, clinical manifestations and condition. Symptomatic treatment is possible, but combination preparations are not recommended.
Xu Baoping, director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine at Beijing Children's Hospital, said that the main affected group of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is the elderly, that is, school-age children and adolescents over 5 years old. Although there is currently a slight increase in the infection rate among infants and young children under 5 years of age, the overall number of infections is lower than among older children.
Xu Baoping said that for school-age children who have been diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, it is still necessary to insist on resting at home, and it is not recommended to go to school sick. This is not only conducive to the child's early recovery, but also to protect the other children in the school.
At the same time, under the condition of ensuring the indoor temperature, it is recommended that the school should open the windows frequently for ventilation, and guide the children to do good hand hygiene and maintain social distancing.
In response to the public's concern about whether children with underlying diseases such as asthma will have sequelae after being infected with respiratory diseases such as mycoplasma pneumonia. Xu Baoping explained that asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The presence of asthma does have an impact on some respiratory infections, but not all children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection will experience wheezing after recovery.
Xu Baoping said that after many children are infected with respiratory diseases, they will have airway inflammation or airway hyperreactivity. "Some children may have never had wheezing or asthma before, but respiratory illness can induce airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, and some of the manifestations of asthma may appear. For most children, this wheezing is only a short-term clinical manifestation, and there is no problem after that. However, it cannot be ruled out that some children may experience recurrent wheezing. ”
"At present, influenza activity on the mainland is at a low to medium level, but it is on an upward trend. Wang Dayan, director of the National Influenza Center of the Institute for Viral Disease Prevention and Control of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that it is expected that the northern and southern provinces of the mainland will gradually enter a period of high incidence of influenza, and there will be a peak of influenza epidemic in autumn and winter.
During this period, influenza clusters are likely to increase, mainly in densely populated places such as schools, childcare institutions, and elderly care facilities. The public is advised to wash their hands frequently, ventilate frequently, do a good job of personal protection, and maintain good hygiene habits.
Xu Baoping said that active immunization is very important to prevent respiratory infectious diseases, especially influenza. It is recommended that as long as the child has no contraindications and is eligible for vaccination, he or she should actively get the flu vaccine. Not only should children be vaccinated against the flu, but also caregivers of children and the elderly in the family should be actively vaccinated without contraindications.
Source: National Health Commission, Xinhua News Agency