A view of Houma
Continued from the previous issue.
2. Classification of poems
Chinese civilization has a long history, and poetry, as one of the treasures of culture and art, can be said to have many categories due to the different dimensions of its classification and the intersection of dimensions. In this article, we will introduce the classification of common and more common poems based on insights.
The classification here is the classification of poems in a narrow sense, excluding the broad sense of words and songs (qu refers to yuan songs, etc., which are essentially a kind of words, not songs, and tunes. Classification of poems. Of course, in many contexts, poetry and words are inseparable, so people often associate them together and call them "poems".
1. It is divided according to the chronological order of the formation of the poem
1) Divided according to the large span time
It can be divided into: ancient style poetry, metrical poetry, new poetry and prose poetry.
(1) Ancient style poems
Also known as the ancient style, it includes ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), Chu Ci, Yuefu poems, etc. The characteristics of ancient style poetry are that the language is simple, not informal, confrontational and the number of words, the length of sentences and the number of sentences are not limited, and the rhyme requirements are broad, flat and can be turned into rhyme. Among them, the four sentences of the ancient style poem with the same rhyme are called ancient jue, and the eight sentences of the ancient style poem with the same rhyme are called the ancient rhythm.
(2) Metrical poetry
Also known as near-style poetry and modern style poetry, it originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties and was perfected in the Tang Dynasty, and its pronunciation and peace abide by the accepted norms. It is also subdivided into quatrains, minor rhythms, rhythmic poems, and rhythms. In some contexts, its quatrains are also called laws to distinguish them from ancient jumies.
(3) New poems
That is, modern poetry, which was called vernacular poetry in the early days. Its poetry originated in the late Qing Dynasty and took shape in the Republic of China. Compared with the ancient style and rhythmic poems, the sentence length and number of sentences and rhyme are relatively free, generally as long as there is a certain internal rhythm and rhyme, but it is generally believed that most sentences should rhyme at the end of the sentence, and they are evenly rhymed, which is regarded as abiding by the tradition of not becoming a poem without rhyme. It is based on the above characteristics that it is also called free verse in some contexts. The main difference between it and ancient style poetry is that it is vernacular and colloquial, and lacks the ancient clumsy elegance of the ancient style.
(4) Prose poems
It is a modern lyrical literary genre with the characteristics of both poetry and prose. Mostly narrative or lyrical, short and concise, it combines the expressive power of poetry with the flexibility of prose description.
2) Divided by dynastic dimension
It can be divided into: Han poetry, Wei and Jin dynasty poetry, Northern and Southern Dynasties poetry, Tang poetry, Song poetry, Qing poetry and modern poetry. The poems of the Han, Wei and Jin dynasties are more ancient and clumsy, the Tang poems are more free and natural, and the Song poems are more carved and reasonable.
2. Divide according to the neatness of the verses
It can be divided into: unison poems and miscellaneous poems (long and short sentence poems).
The Qiyan poems are further refined into three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and ten words according to the number of words in each sentence. Four of the poems are called quatrains.
3. Divided by poetic content
It can be divided into: farewell poems, side poems, landscape idylls, nostalgic poems, poetry of songs, mourning poems, travel poems, poems of resentment, war poems, lyric poems, narrative poems, etc. Narrative poems can be further divided into ballads, epics, and narrative poems.
4. Divided by the style of the poem
It can be divided into: bold poems, graceful poems, Zen (Yi) poems, limerick poems, etc. And limerick poetry refers to a kind of poetry that is commonly used, or sarcastic or witty.
5. Divided according to the universality of poetic form
It can be divided into: regular poems and miscellaneous poems. This is a high-level breakdown of dimension crossings.
1) Conventional style poems
It is the various poems mentioned above.
2) Miscellaneous poems
Miscellaneous poems refer to poems in special genres other than ancient poems, metrical poems, new poems, and prose poems. This type of poetry often adds special requirements in terms of sentence form, syntax, rhythm and rhyme, thus forming ingenious and bizarre poems, which are generally of a wordplay nature. There are various types of poetry, including Tibetan poems, palindromic poems, tower-shaped poems, and reeling poems, which are non-mainstream poems. This article only briefly introduces the more common Tibetan poems, palindromic poems, and tower-shaped poems.
(1) Tibetan poems
It is also known as "Tibetan head grid", and there are three forms, one is the scene of the first couplet and the six sentences of the middle and second couplets, without breaking the theme, until the connection points out the theme; the second is to hide the first sentence of the poem in the last word; The third is to hide the things that are said at the beginning of the poem, which is more common, and the first word of each sentence is read together, which can convey a certain unique thought of the poet. The poem is as follows:
Drink water and think about the source
Original (rhyme)
Drinking as a song reminiscent of the school year. Water nourishes seedlings and knows Ye Juan.
Thinking about the transaction is very proud, and the journey of Yuanrun is turbulent.
Thinking of the source of drinking water is the motto of several famous Jiaotong universities in mainland China.
(2) Palindromic poems
As the name suggests, it is a poem that can be reciprocated and reciprocated, and it is a poetic style with a peculiar language structure. There are many palindromic structures, such as "whole body palindrome", "sentence palindrome", "double sentence palindrome", "main palindrome", "ring palindrome", etc. Due to the need to compose palindromes, there are few excellent works, and more of them exist as a kind of word play. Therefore, there is no interpretation here, and interested poets can search on the Internet. The poem is as follows:
"Two Loves"
Song Li Yu
Dry eyes look at the mountains and water from afar, and I have seen a few people in the past.
The pot is empty and afraid of drinking a glass of wine, and it is difficult to write and rhyme.
The road blocked people from parting for a long time, and the news was sent back late.
The lonely lamp night watch is lonely, and the husband remembers his wife and father and son.
This "palindromic poem" is read in the past, and its poetic meaning is mainly the husband thinking about the wife, and the reverse reading is mainly the wife thinking about the husband.
(3) Tower-shaped poems
That is, the words and sentences of the poem start from one or two words, gradually extend downward, and increase the number of words layer by layer, generally with seven or nine characters as the bottom of the tower, lined up like a tower of poems, the most common is "one seven bodies". It is also sometimes referred to as the "One Seven Order". The poem is as follows:
17 Orders. Tea
Tang Dynasty. Yuan Zhen
Tea.
bay leaves, young shoots.
Mu Shike, love monks.
Grinding white jade, weaving red yarn.
Cho fried astragalus, bowl twisted dust flowers.
After the night, invite to accompany the bright moon, and be alone with the morning glow before the morning.
Wash away the tirelessness of ancient and modern people, and you will know how to boast after being drunk.
P.S. Genres related to the classification of poems
Since the beginning of poetry, many genres have been formed.
As far as ancient style poems are concerned, there are Bailiang style, Qiliang style (including Yongming style), Taikang style, Tao style, Yuanjia style, etc.
Among them, Bailiang style is an ancient style poem that rhymes with sentences, such as Du Fu's "Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking". Although it is also a famous article, when it is recited, it lacks the rhythm of inhibition and frustration.
Song of the Eight Immortals in Drinking
Tang Dynasty. Du fu
Zhizhang rode a horse like a boat, and slept under the well.
Ruyang three buckets began to face the sky, and the road was salivating at the mouth of the curved car,
Hate unswervingly sealed to Jiuquan. Zuo Xiangri spent thousands of dollars,
Drink like a long whale sucking a hundred rivers, and the cup of music is called avoiding the virtuous.
Zongzhi's chic and beautiful young man, looking at the blue sky with white eyes,
Jiao is like a jade tree before the wind. In front of Su Jin Changzhai embroidered Buddha,
When drunk, he often loves to escape Zen. Li Bai Yidou poems hundreds,
Chang'an City sleeps in a restaurant, and the Son of Heaven can't get on the boat.
The self-proclaimed minister is a fairy in wine. Zhang Xu's Three Cups of Grass Sacred Biography,
In front of the prince who took off his hat and exposed his crown, he waved the paper like a cloud of smoke.
Jiao Sui Wudou Fang Zhuoran, talking eloquently and shocking four feasts.
As far as new poetry is concerned, there are Lakeside School, Crescent School, Symbolism, Modernism, July School, Realism, etc. There is also a garbage and saliva pie with a ribbon flavor and no poetry.
Regarding the genre of poetry, there is no need to pay too much attention to it. Whether it is an ancient style poem, a rhythmic poem or a new poem, etc., it is important that the poem should have a good artistic conception, and the language should be elegant or vulgar or witty and interesting but not vulgar.
cornfield
November 7, 2023 in Houma, Jinnan