The reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty?
The name of the Qin Dynasty comes from the place name, it is also one of the great powers in history, it destroyed the six countries to unify China, is such a magnificent empire, only left a moment in Chinese history, so what is the reason for the demise of the Qin Dynasty?
The first unified centralized feudal dynasty in China in the Qin Dynasty, through the iron-blooded dynasty established by Qin Xiaogong, King Huiwen of Qin, King Wu of Qin, King Zhao of Qin, King Xiaowen of Qin, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, and King Shi Huang of Qin, and their courtiers for nearly a century and a half, hundreds of thousands of soldiers bathed in blood, and millions of people diligently served and paid taxes. Weights and measures, roads, etiquette, systems and other elements represent various elements of Chinese civilization, in addition to building the Great Wall, expelling the Xiongnu, migrating the rich, digging spiritual canals, and pacifying the hundred yue, laying the foundation of China's territory. Therefore, the Qin Dynasty made a practice for the creation of Chinese culture that is unmatched by previous dynasties.
However, after the unification of the six kingdoms, the original system began to become rigid, while the Qin Dynasty did not think of changing the old ways. Like Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising, it was because heavy rain delayed the death date, which was originally a force majeure in nature and could be exempted. However, Qin Fa did not ask about the process, only looked at the results, and finally forced Chen Sheng, Wu Guang and others to rise.
First, government agencies and talent selection are not perfect:
Although Qin Shi Huang implemented a comprehensive county system after unifying China, the system of divided seals of princes from the Western Zhou Dynasty until the Warring States period still occupied the hearts of the broad masses of the people, and Prime Minister Wang Wei once suggested that Qin Shi Huang implement a separate sealing system in Yan, Qi, and Chu, and the nobles of the six countries of Shandong who were destroyed by Qin Shi Huang hoped that the world could become a world with a divided sealing system again. Because Li Si suggested that Qin Shi Huang take the division of Western Zhou into seals that led to the continuous wars and turmoil in the world, Qin Shi Huang still implemented the county system and vetoed the division and sealing system, which still had strong historical inertia. As a result, Qin Shi Huang had to face the problem of insufficient officials in the process of implementing centralized power. As a result, the Qin state, which fully implemented the county system, only senior officials such as county guards, county captains, county commanders, and county captains were directly appointed by the central government, while the townships were still held by local prestigious, which led to the phenomenon that when the world was in chaos at the end of the Qin Dynasty, many local people killed officials to participate in the rebellion, while the county guards and county orders without a foundation were unable to suppress them. Many of the officials sent to various places are soldiers with combat merits, and the results of being local officials can be imagined. The rapidly expanding Qin State did not have a matching system, and its unstable foundation led to a series of problems that killed the Qin State.
Second, the comprehensive reform of the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty is unpopular:
The Qin Dynasty implemented the policy of "shangnong suppressing commerce", so that merchants were discriminated against and abused, and naturally did not support the ruler; The basic system of the Qin Dynasty was based on cultivation and warfare, and sought to supply all the resources of the country to the military, which was very effective in the era of the great strife of the Six Kingdoms, but it was not suitable for long-term development after unification. The construction of the Afang Palace, the Great Wall, the Qin Emperor's Mausoleum and other costly projects, constantly serving labor and paying taxes, so that the peasants could not stand the rulers; For the nobles, Qin Shi Huang moved 120,000 households of nobles from the six countries of Shandong to Xianyang, not only wanting to control the nobles nearby, but also wanting to absorb the aristocracy's experience in economic development to stimulate the economic development of the capital, but the nobles, especially the nobles of the former six countries of Shandong, still have the heart to restore the country, in a vain attempt to restore Xu Tu by assassinating Qin Shi Huang and engaging in land annexation, so that the nobles and rulers also look at each other. At the same time, the officials of the Qin Dynasty were also cruel and unkind, so the ordinary people of the Qin Dynasty were overburdened and miserable, and they hated the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty in their hearts.
Third, the army of the Qin Dynasty was mostly in the frontier, and the interior was empty:
After Qin Shi Huang destroyed the Six Kingdoms, he sent the general Meng Tian to lead an army of 300,000 to chase the Xiongnu in the north, and sent Wei Tu Sui to lead an army of 500,000 Nanping Baiyue, while the national capital only deployed a small number of troops, so emphasis was placed on deploying a large number of troops to the outside and the country was empty, once there was a change in the border army to rescue the national capital, it would be beyond reach, after all, it was difficult to extinguish the near fire in the distant water. At the time of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's uprising, the Qin Dynasty's army was either defending against the invasion of the Xiongnu on the frontier or in the area of Lingnan, and the internal forces were extremely empty. This is mainly because the Qin Emperor, after collecting the weapons of the world, thought that no one dared to raise troops again, so he relaxed his domestic defenses and set his sights on foreign expansion.
IV. The heir of Qin Shi Huang is undecided:
Qin Shi Huang did not explicitly announce his heir during his lifetime, which gave the conspirator Zhao Gao great room for speculation, and his edict was intercepted by Zhao Gao at the time of his death, because the matter was rushed and there was no time to arrange the aftermath. Later, Zhao Gao and Li Si tampered with the edict and re-established the young son Hu Hai, and killed the eldest son Fusu and the general Meng Tian. After that, the faint king Hu Hai and the conspirator Zhao Gao intensified the continuation of Qin Shi Huang's harsh punishment and harsh laws, resulting in more intensified social contradictions caused by the above three reasons, so the great uprising of the late Qin Dynasty and the great rebellion of the nobles of the Six Kingdoms broke out one after another, and finally engulfed the Qin Dynasty.
In addition, the descendants of the Six Kingdoms have never given up the goal of restoring the country, and they have been silently waiting for an opportunity to overthrow the Qin Dynasty, especially the descendants of the State of Chu who have a feud with the Qin Dynasty, the so-called "although there are three families in Chu, the death of Qin will be Chu", and in the end, the Qin Dynasty is also destroyed by Xiang Yu, a descendant of the State of Chu.