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According to Hong Kong military commentator Phoenix Dong Jiayao, according to satellite images, the Hainan submarine base is being expanded, and China's new generation of 096 strategic nuclear submarines may be put into service. , the Continental Navy was installed in advance.
In terms of warship technology, the biggest gap between China and the United States is nuclear submarines. Nuclear attack submarines are an indispensable and important weapon for building a strong navy. They were also an important part of the negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
The development and importance of nuclear submarine technology
With the end of the Cold War, the strategic navies of the two superpowers of the United States and Russia underwent major changes. This means that the focus of local wars has shifted from naval operations to maritime operations. However, the status and role of attacking nuclear submarines has not diminished. During the Iraq War, the US-British coalition sent 12 nuclear attack submarines into the war zone and fired about 300 Tomahawks. "Cruise missiles played an important role in accelerating the course of the war.
In addition to emphasizing anti-submarine and anti-ship functions, nuclear submarines also need powerful ground attack, surveillance, intelligence gathering, special forces transportation and local sea control capabilities. The United States attaches great importance to underwater warfare and believes that underwater warfare is the key to gaining superiority in future naval warfare. In the future it will maintain the superiority of its underwater capabilities. American think tanks even define it as a game-changer. The United States is therefore vigorously developing nuclear submarine technology.
However, the development of nuclear submarines is very difficult. First of all, nuclear power plants are the source of power for nuclear submarines. It emphasizes the high power density of nuclear power plants and takes care of their concealment and safety. Secondly, the hull structure of a nuclear submarine is related to the main dimensions and displacement of the submarine. Stealth and speed are necessary to optimize the overall performance of nuclear submarines. Many times, nuclear submarines are inevitably limited in hull configuration due to design technology, such as the tortoise shell of Chinese nuclear submarines.
There is also the problem of noise. If the radiated noise of the nuclear submarine increases by 10 dB, the exposure distance increases by 1 to 3 times. Conversely, if the emitted noise is reduced by 5 dB, the exposure distance is reduced to 1/3 of the original value. It can be said that the technical complexity of nuclear submarines is no less than that of aircraft carriers.
Chinese nuclear submarine technology lagged behind by 20 years
The default model of our nuclear submarine is the Type 091 attack nuclear submarine, 20 years later than the United States and the USSR. There are still 20 years left behind the PLA Type 094 nuclear submarine and the US Ohio-class nuclear submarine.
In 1974, the United States began construction of the fourth and most advanced generation of strategic nuclear submarines, the Ohio class (SSBN/SSGN). The lead ship, the USS Ohio, was commissioned in November 1981 and served until September 1997. The class completed the construction of all 18 ships. The "Ohio" class is 170.7 meters long, 12.8 meters wide, with an underwater displacement of 18,750 tons, a maximum diving depth of 300 meters, a maximum speed of 25 knots, equipped with one S8G pressurized water reactor and two steam turbines, with a production of about 60,000 horses. The middle part of the hull is a two-layer hull, and the rest is a single hull, which accounts for 60% of the total length of the ship. Equipped with AN/BQQ5 sonar and other hydroacoustic and electronic equipment more than ten pieces. In particular, the ELF communication system is used to receive shore station signals even at 300 meters underwater. The first eight ships of the class carry 24 "three-arm" ballistic missiles, and starting with the ninth "Tennessee" and carry 24 "three-arm" ballistic missiles. The missile has a range of 12,000 kilometers and carries 12 warheads, one of which is equivalent to the 100,000-ton W76-MK4 and the other is equivalent to the 475,000-ton W76-MK5, with a circular deviation probability of 90 meters. The Ohio-class nuclear submarines hold the title of "King of Nuclear Submarines".
The 096 nuclear submarine uses a number of original technologies
According to media reports, the Type 096 strategic nuclear submarine is about 160 meters long and has a displacement of about 15,000 tons. The Ohio-class submarines have a displacement of 18,700 tons and a length of 170 meters. In terms of size, the Ohio-class nuclear submarine is still slightly superior;
According to media reports, the 096 has made great improvements in the surface special steel material, with a maximum diving depth of up to 600 meters, while the maximum diving depth of the Ohio-class submarine is only 400 meters; With the help of advanced hull materials, the diving depth can be increased. The depth of diving is important for expanding the range of underwater maneuver, maintaining the stealth of the underwater hull, and evading enemy anti-submarine weapons. For example, Russia uses lightweight, high-strength needle-like alloys as the shell material for nuclear submarines. The water depth of the lower port is about 750 meters.
The 096 has a maximum speed of 35 knots, while the Ohio-class submarine has a maximum speed of only 25 knots. The Type 096 nuclear submarine will use all-electric propulsion. The most significant advantages of electric propulsion over other forms of power transmission are low noise, high power density and controllability. Highly flexible, reliable and free of contamination issues.
The U.S. also plans to provide electric propulsion systems on Columbia-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines, an alternative to Ohio-class nuclear-powered submarines for better underwater quiet performance.
In addition, Academician Ma Weiming is also a direct pioneer of a revolutionary technology, which is shaftless pump technology. As the name suggests, "shaftless" means that there is no traditional driveshaft system on a submarine. Simplified propeller shaft and drivetrain. Without the shaft, machining and maintenance costs will be significantly reduced, as will the mechanical noise generated when the submarine is submerged. A large reduction is completely beneficial to latent; As for "pump injection", it allows the propellers of the submarine to dissipate. It also improves the "ionization bubbles" that appear while driving.
The 096 features shaftless pumping technology, which reduces noise by nearly 30% compared to conventional pumping technology. It easily drops below 95 decibels, close to 90 decibels of ocean background noise. It is capable of quickly approaching enemy targets in an imperceptible manner, followed by a surprise attack. Therefore, "shaftless pump technology" is a qualitative leap for China's future nuclear submarines. It will be improved in noise reduction, electromagnetism, wake and many other aspects, and will reach the world level of submarine stealth, high speed and maintainability. Grade.
China's 096 also incorporates new underwater stealth technology that can "eliminate" the detection of U.S. military sonar. The technology uses low-frequency, high-decibel sound waves that can trick enemy sonar operators into thinking that submarines are water.
Detection and communication systems are an important part of the integrated combat system of nuclear submarines. At present, submarine detection mainly relies on sonar technology. Since nuclear submarines are always lurking underwater, shore-based submarine communication mainly uses ultra-long waves. Radio waves generally cannot penetrate seawater. Only ultra-long waves with a wavelength of 10,000 to 100,000 meters can penetrate seawater at a certain depth. Nuclear submarines do not need to surface to receive ultra-longwave signals.
USS Navy has the world's most advanced sonar system that can accurately locate and identify underwater targets. In order to avoid detection by the US military sonar, Chinese submarines must take various stealth measures, such as using sound insulation materials, reducing noise, and changing course.
However, these traditional stealth methods have their limitations and do not completely avoid detection. This technology can make submarines "invisible" in the water, improving the survivability and combat effectiveness of submarines.
096 The South China Sea covers the entire United States
The 096 can carry 18 ICBMs launched by the Julang-3 submarine, each of which can carry 10 sub-warheads. Compared to the Great Wave 2, the range of the Great Wave 3 has increased by almost 6,000 kilometers, reaching 14,000 to 15,000 kilometers. It can break through the interception of any existing anti-missile system, and its firepower can achieve a global strike on the homeland.
The Ohio-class submarines can carry 24 vertical missile launchers. The first eight ships (SSBN726~733) are equipped with Trident-I (C4) missiles. The missile has a range of 7400 km. Each missile can carry up to 8 multiple warheads with a power of 100 tons of TNT. Boats No. 9 to No. 18 (SSBN734~743) are equipped with Trident-II missiles with a range of 12,000 km. Each missile can carry 8 to 12 missiles with an elastic power of 300 to 475 kilotons of TNT equivalent. Guided multiple warheads.
The 096 is similar to the Ohio-class submarines in the number of warheads carried, but has a clear advantage in range. It can be said that the birth of 096 will narrow the technological gap between China and the United States nuclear submarines. In the future, it is still unknown whether China's nuclear submarine technology will surpass that of the United States.
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