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In the long river of ancient Chinese history, Xiang Yu is a controversial figure. He was not only one of the main promoters of the fall of the Qin Dynasty, but also an important role in the struggle for hegemony between the Chu and Han dynasties. However, his policy of division and ruling caused widespread controversy. In this article, we will revisit Xiang Yu's policy of division and its impact on Chinese history.
Xiang Yu's policy of sub-sealing can be seen as a stopgap measure. He inherited a chaotic era of separation, and the noble forces of the six countries were hidden in various places, watching the tiger. Xiang Yu had to adopt a policy of division to stabilize the various princes and ensure his rule. While this policy was necessary at the time, it also sowed the seeds of problems. Xiang Yu divided the Qin land into three parts and Qi into two to ensure his dominance. However, this overly centralized distribution of power caused dissatisfaction among the princes. They felt constrained and gradually tended to defect because Xiang Yu failed to win their hearts.
In fact, Xiang Yu's ruling strategy also included some brutal measures. He slaughtered a large number of Qin troops in the Battle of Julu, and after entering Xianyang, destroyed the palace of the Qin state. This atrocity has aroused more resentment. In Qidi, Xiang Yu once again resorted to cruel measures, slaughtering the city, regardless of the pawns, old and young, women and children, all of them remained. These actions made Xiang Yu's rule even more illegitimate, and the princes began to betray him and seek Liu Bang's protection.
After the Battle of Julu, Xiang Yu's situation became increasingly unfavorable. Han Xin's move "Ming Xiu Plank Road Darkness Chen Cang", Sima Xin and Dong Yi surrendered one after another, and Zhang Wei was killed. These events allowed the Han army to break through Xiang Yu's siege and give them a chance to get back on their feet. More importantly, Liu Bang was more generous in his policies, attracting the subordination of princes. The princes began to realize that Xiang Yu was not only ruthless in his ruling techniques, but also lacked wisdom. They expressed greater support for Liu Bang, which exacerbated Xiang's political isolation.
Although Xiang Yu left some backhand when dividing the seal, trying to provoke contradictions between regions, this did not achieve the desired effect. For example, he made Han Guang the king of Liaodong to replace Han Guang's general Zang Xuan. This move led to Han Guang's rebellion, bringing Liaodong into Xiang Yu's territory. A similar situation happened in the State of Qi. Tian Rong was skipped by Xiang Yu because he refused to send troops to aid Chu and Zhao, and the divided Tian An and Tian Shi did not get the territory they deserved. However, this practice only aroused Tian Rong's dissatisfaction, and he was eventually eliminated along with Tian An and Tian Shi, and Qi Di was also taken over to the Chu state. These failed tactics exacerbated Xiang Yu's isolation and put him in a weak position in the Chu-Han struggle for hegemony.
In the end, Xiang Yu's policy of dividing the seal failed to achieve his expected goal. His rule became increasingly unlegitimate, and the princes turned against him and betrayed him. Although some of the princes became "heterogeneous kings" in the early Western Han Dynasty, most of them were eventually eliminated by Liu Bang. Xiang Yu's expediency eventually led to his defeat.
In ancient Chinese history, Xiang Yu's policy of division was a controversial topic. Although he adopted this policy to stabilize the political situation at the time, it ultimately led to his political defeat. His brutal tactics and centralization of power aroused the resentment of the princes and made him lose the legitimacy of his rule. In the end, Xiang Yu was isolated and defeat was inevitable.
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