People often ask Tianmen City in Hubei, how the name of Tianmen came from, asked many people to say that it is from Tianmen Mountain, but I have always had a doubt, because Tianmen Mountain is far from Tianmen City, not high, not famous, always inexplicable, and later check the literature to know that it is to avoid secrecy.
Avoidance is a special system in Chinese history. "讳" is the name of the emperor or the honorable chief, and avoidance is to avoid the name, which is essentially to avoid the word.
The ancient name of Tianmen is Jingling. The term Jingling was first mentioned in Sima Qian's "Records of History" and "Warring States Policy" that in 278 BC, after the Qin general Bai Qi (the capital of the Chu state), "east to The Jingling Tomb". According to kao, the site of this ChuJingling City is in the present-day Fengle Town of Zhongxiang City. After the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, Jingling County (because the remnants of the Dahong Mountains were terminated here, it was named after the meaning of "Jingling, Lingzhi also"), which belonged to Nan County. The Western Han Dynasty belonged to Jiangxia County. The new dynasty King Mang renamed Jingling County to Shouping County. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Jingling County. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Jingling County was divided into Xiao (Xiao) ChengXian County. In the first year of the Southern Dynasty Qi Jianyuan (479), it moved the administration of Jingling County to the border of Jingling County. In the first year of Liang Dabao (550), Jingling County was merged into Xiaocheng County, and Jingling County was established as Xiaocheng.
In the first year of The Northern Zhou Dynasty (561), Xiaocheng County was changed to Jingling County. According to the Book of Sui. Geographical Chronicle (vol. 31) In Jingling County: The old Xiaocheng, Set up Jingling County. Later Zhou changed its name to Jingling. At the beginning of the emperor's reign, the state was restored. During the Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jingling County has always been a prefecture (county) administrative office (successively belonged to Fuzhou, Qiuyang County, and Jingling County). In other words, Jingling County, which was re-established in the Northern and Southern Dynasties towards the Northern Zhou Dynasty, was the predecessor of today's gate.
In the first year of the Fifth Dynasty Jin Dynasty (936), the name of Shi Chonggui ("敬" and "Jing") was changed to Jingling County for the sake of the Jin Dynasty Emperor Shi Chonggui to avoid his father Shi Jingyao ("Jing" and "Jing"). Later Han renamed Jingling County.
In the third year of the Northern Song Dynasty (962), in order to avoid the secrecy of Zhao Kuangyin's grandfather Zhao Jing (posthumously honoring Emperor Jian Gong of Yizu), he changed Jingling County to Jingling County, which belonged to Fuzhou. In the sixth year of Xi Ning (1073), it belonged to Anzhou (安州, in modern Anlu). In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), Fuzhou Prefecture was established as Jingling County. In the Yuan Dynasty, it successively belonged to Fuzhou, Fuzhou Road, and Qiuyang Province. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Jingling County was Jinglingwei. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Wei was abolished and changed to a county, which belonged to Qiuyang Province. In the ninth year of Hongwu, the prefecture was changed to a prefecture, which belonged to Qiuyang Prefecture. In the 10th year of Jiajing (1531), it was changed to Chengtianfu (承天府) (the seat of government was in present-day Zhongxiang City. The Qing Dynasty was renamed Anlu Province).
In the fourth year of Qing Yongzheng (1726), in order to avoid the kangxi tomb name (Jingling), Jingling County was changed to Tianmen County. It is named after tianmen mountain in the northwest of the county.
During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864), in order to avoid the name of "Heavenly Kingdom", Tianmen County was once changed to Tianmen County.
On August 3, 1987, Tianmen County was established as a city (county-level). It was listed as a municipality on October 24, 1994. There is a Jingling Subdistrict in the present-day urban area, which is named because of the location of the ancient Jingling County. According to the "Miscellaneous Records of Donggao", The Tomb was named because the remnants of the Great HongShan Mountains terminated here, that is, "Lingzhi Jingye". In 1949, it was changed to Chengguan Town, and in 1981 it was renamed Jingling Town.
Coincidentally, in the ancient administrative divisions of Hubei, in addition to the Outer Gate, there are six places that have been renamed because of the taboo.
During the third year (378) of emperor Xiaowu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of Emperor Jianwen's grandmother Empress Zheng, he changed puchun county (southeast of present-day Puchun County, Hubei) to Puyang County. In the eighteenth year of the Sui Kai Emperor (598), it was renamed Puchun County.
In the second year of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang 's reign ( 905 ) , in order to avoid the name of Zhu Cheng , the father of Zhu Quanzhong ( Zhu Wen , later known as Emperor Taizu of Later Liang ) ( Emperor Wen of Later Liang ) , Yingcheng County ( which ruled present-day Yingcheng , Hubei ) was renamed Yingyang County. Later Tang Tongguang was renamed Yingcheng County in the first year (923).
Five generations later, in the second year of Tang Tongguang (924), in order to avoid the name of Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang's grandfather Li Guochang (posthumously honoring Emperor Wenjing of The Ancestors), Xiaochang County (which ruled the north of present-day Xiaogan City, Hubei) was changed to Xiaogan County.
Five generations later, in the seventh year of Jin Tianfu (942), in order to avoid the name of Shi Jingtang (Jin Gaozu), the father of Emperor Shao of Jin (Shi Chonggui), Tangnian County (ruled present-day Chongyang County, Hubei, the second year of Tang Tianbao was placed in 743) as Linjiang County, and in the eighth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (975), Tangnian County (which ruled the county seat of Chongyang County, Hubei) was restored to its original name chongyang County in order to avoid the name of the former dynasty.
In the second year of the Taiping Revival of the Northern Song Dynasty (977), in order to avoid the name of Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, Yichuan County (in present-day north of Hanchuan City, Hubei) was renamed Hanchuan County.
In the fifth year of Qing Shunzhi (1648), in order to avoid discriminatory characters such as "Hu", "虏", "Yi", and "Di", Yiling County (present-day Yiling District, Yichang City) was changed to Yiling County.