Raspberry Pi 5 is here! Yesterday, there was good news in the developer community.
It's been four years since the previous generation, the Raspberry Pi 4, was released. As the most popular development board for developers, the new generation Raspberry Pi 5 has greatly improved performance, but the price has also increased, with the 4GB model priced at $60 and the 8GB version priced at $80.
According to Raspberry Pi CEO Eben Upton, the platform has been upgraded in almost every way to provide a completely new user experience without compromise.
The Raspberry Pi 5 is equipped with unprecedented new features, more than twice as fast as its predecessor, and is the first Raspberry Pi computer to feature an in-house design chip from Cambridge, England.
Raspberry Pi officially summarized the characteristics of the new generation of products:
- 2.4GHz quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76 CPU
- VideoCore VII GPUs support OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2
- Dual 4K60 frame HDMI outputs
- 4K60 frame HEVC decoder
- Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi
- Bluetooth 5.0 / Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)
- High-speed microSD card interface with SDR104 mode support
- 2× USB 3.0 port for simultaneous 5Gbps operation
- 2 USB 2.0 ports
- Gigabit Ethernet with PoE+ support (requires separate PoE+ HAT, coming soon)
- 2 × 4-channel MIPI camera/display transceiver
- PCIe 2.0 x1 interface for rapid addition of peripherals
- Raspberry Pi standard 40-pin GPIO connector
- Real-time clock
- Power button
From PCIe, GPUs supporting OpenGL ES 3.1 and Vulkan 1.2 to active cooling, it seems that the Raspberry Pi is now a very mature development board.
The release of the Raspberry Pi 5 also marked the introduction of a series of manufacturing innovations. Intrusive reflow soldering of connectors, which improves the mechanical quality of the product, increases yield, and eliminates the costly, energy-intensive selective soldering or wave soldering process from the production process. There is also single-layer soldering of fully routed panels for cleaner board edges, and a new production test methodology inspired by the RP2040 microcontroller's scale test experience.
Unlike the previous traditional launch rhythm, most of the features of the Raspberry Pi 5 were officially released before the product hit the shelves. Starting today, new products can be ordered from authorized resellers and partners, and the first equipment is expected to ship by the end of October, with some dealers saying it will be October 23.
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First, a little history
The Raspberry Pi 4 was released on June 24, 2019, when it was called the first "PC-class" performance Raspberry Pi. It uses a quad-core Arm Cortex-A72 processor clocked at 1.5GHz, which is about forty times faster than the original Raspberry Pi in 2012. Eben Upton says the timing was perfect in many ways: From the second year, millions of students and developers began learning and working from home. There are quite a few people who try to rely on the Raspberry Pi 4 as their primary PC.
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In the four years since, the Raspberry Pi 4 and its derivatives, the Raspberry Pi 400 and Compute Module 4, have become a global favorite of enthusiasts, educators, and professional design engineers. The improved Raspberry Pi 4 runs 20% faster than the original, with a core clock speed of 1.8GHz. Although the global electronics industry has been affected by supply chain issues over the past two years, more than 14 million Raspberry Pi 4s have been manufactured and sold during that period.
But technology is evolving fast. Since 2016 (Raspberry Pi 3 era), the Raspberry Pi development team has been quietly overhauling the Raspberry Pi platform more thoroughly. With the introduction of the Raspberry Pi 5, this effort paid off: the new generation had two to three times more CPU and GPU performance compared to the Raspberry Pi 4; Approximately twice the memory and I/O bandwidth; And for the first time, the Raspberry Pi chip was installed on the flagship Raspberry Pi device.
Second, new platforms, new chipsets
All three new chips are designed specifically for the Raspberry Pi 5 program, and the Raspberry Pi team says that together they bring a leap in performance.
2.1 BCM2712
BCM2712 is a new 16nm process application processor (AP) from Broadcom, derived from the 28nm BCM2711 AP that powers the Raspberry Pi 4, with numerous architectural enhancements.
At its core is a quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76 processor clocked at 2.4GHz, with 512KB L2 cache per core and 2MB shared L3 cache. The Cortex-A76 is the third generation microarchitecture of the Cortex-A72, offering more instructions per clock (IPC) and lower power consumption per instruction. The combination of newer cores, higher clock speeds, and more advanced processes results in a faster Raspberry Pi that consumes much less power for a given workload.
At the same time, GPUs have also gained strengthening: Broadcom's VideoCore VII. The updated VideoCore Hardware Video Scaler (HVS) is capable of driving two 4Kp60 HDMI displays simultaneously, an improvement over a single 4Kp60 or dual 4Kp30 on the Raspberry Pi 4. Both the 4Kp60 HEVC decoder and the new Image Sensor Pipeline (ISP) were developed in-house by Raspberry Pi to complete the multimedia subsystem. To keep the system providing memory bandwidth, there is a 32-bit LPDDR4X SDRAM subsystem on the Raspberry Pi 5 running at 4267MT/s, which is higher than the 2000MT/s on the Raspberry Pi 4.
2.2 RP1
Previous generations of the Raspberry Pi were built on a monolithic AP architecture: while some peripheral functions were provided by external devices (such as the Via Labs VL805 USB controller and hub on the Raspberry Pi 4, and the early Microchip LAN951x and LAN7515 USB hub and Ethernet controller chip), basically all I/O functions were integrated into the AP itself. Early in the history of the Raspberry Pi, we realized that when migrating APs to progressively newer process nodes, this approach would eventually become technically and economically unsustainable.
In contrast, the Raspberry Pi 5 is built on a separate chiplet architecture. Here, the AP offers only the main fast digital functions, an SD card interface (for board layout reasons), and the fastest interfaces (SDRAM, HDMI, and PCI Express). All other I/O functions are offloaded to a separate I/O controller, implemented on older, less expensive process nodes, and connected to the AP via PCI Express.
The RP1 is an I/O controller for the Raspberry Pi 5, designed by the same team that supplied the RP2040 microcontroller from the Raspberry Pi, and implemented on TSMC's (TSMC) proven 40LP process like the RP2040. Provides two USB 3.0 and two USB 2.0 interfaces, a Gigabit Ethernet controller, two quad MIPI transceivers for cameras and displays, analog video output, 3.3V general-purpose I/O (GPIO), and a collection of common GPIO multiplexed low-speed interfaces (UART, SPI, I2C, I2S, and PWM). The quad-lane PCI Express 2.0 interface provides a 16Gb/s link back to BCM2712.
Developed since 2016, RP1 is the longest, most complex, and most expensive project the Raspberry Pi has ever undertaken ($15 million). Over the years, it has undergone several improvements as the projected demand has changed: the C5 used on the Raspberry Pi 0 is the third major revision of the chip. Although their interface differs in detail from that of the BCM2711, they are very similar in design from a functional point of view, ensuring a high degree of compatibility with earlier Raspberry Pi devices.
2.3 DA9091
BCM2712 and RP1 are supported by the third new component of the chipset, the Renesas DA9091 "Gilmour" Power Management IC (PMIC). It integrates eight independent switch-mode power supplies to generate the various voltages required by the board, including a four-phase core power supply capable of delivering 20 amps to power the Cortex-A76 core and other digital logic in the BCM2712.
Like the BCM2712, the DA9091 is the result of many years of joint development. Close collaboration with the Renesas Edinburgh team allowed the Raspberry Pi team to produce PMICs that were precisely tuned to their needs, with two frequently needed features: a real-time clock (RTC) that could be powered by an external supercapacitor or rechargeable lithium-manganese battery, and a PC-style power button that supported hard and soft shutdown and power-on.
Two other elements of this chipset are retained in the Raspberry Pi 4. Infineon's CYW43455 combo chip offers dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.0 as well as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). While the chip itself has not changed, it is equipped with a dedicated switching rail to reduce power consumption and is connected to the BCM2712 via an upgraded SDIO interface that supports DDR50 mode for higher potential throughput. As before, Ethernet connectivity is provided by Broadcom BCM54213 Gigabit Ethernet PHY. Now it's at a 45-degree angle, which is a first for a Raspberry Pi.
Third, the evolution of appearance
Outwardly, the Raspberry Pi 5 is very similar to its predecessor. However, while retaining the overall footprint the size of a credit card, the design team took the opportunity to update some elements to align with the capabilities of the new chipset.
The first is the removal of the quad-pole composite video and analog audio jacks from the board. Now the composite video generated by the RP1 can still be obtained through a pair of pads spaced at 0.1-inch intervals on the bottom edge of the board.
The designers equipped a pair of FPC connectors in a space previously occupied by a quadrupole jack and camera connector. These are quad MIPI interfaces that use the same higher density pinouts as on I/O boards for each generation of compute modules. They are bidirectional transceiver interfaces, which means that each interface can be connected to a CSI-2 camera or DSI display. The space on the left side of the motherboard that was originally occupied by the display connector now contains a smaller FPC connector that provides single-channel PCI Express 2.0 connectivity for high-speed peripherals.
After a brief stay in the upper right corner of the Raspberry Pi 4, the Gigabit Ethernet jack returns to its classic position in the lower right corner of the board. It also brings a four-pin PoE connector that simplifies the layout of the board.
Finally, the Raspberry Pi 5 adds a pair of mounting holes for the heatsink, as well as JST connectors for RTC batteries (2 pins), Arm debugging, and UART (3 pins), and a fan with PWM control and speed feedback (4 pins) compared to its predecessor.
Fourth, the introduction of accessories
Every new generation of flagship Raspberry Pi products comes with a new accessory system, and the Raspberry Pi 5 is no exception. Layout changes, new interfaces and higher peak performance as well as smaller peak power consumption all require new accessories to support.
4.1 Chassis
The updated Raspberry Pi 5 "chassis" costs $10 and is based on the aesthetics of the previous generation Raspberry Pi 4, but with enhanced usability and thermal management features. The chassis is manufactured by T-Zero.
The integrated 2.79 (max) CFM fan features hydrodynamic bearings for low noise and longer life and connects to the four-pin JST connector on the Raspberry Pi 5 for temperature-controlled cooling. Air is drawn in through a 360-degree slot under the cover, blown through the heatsink attached to the BCM2712 AP, and then exhausted through connector openings and vents on the base.
The chassis has been lengthened and the fixing function has been adjusted so that the Raspberry Pi 5 board can be inserted without removing the SD card. By removing the top of the chassis, you can now stack multiple chassis, and you can also mount the HAT on top of the fan using spacers and GPIO connector extenders.
4.2 Active radiator
The Raspberry Pi 5 is designed to handle typical client workloads, requires no chassis and does not require active cooling. If the user wants to use the board without a chassis to withstand a consistently large load without throttling, there is an option to add a $5 active cooler. The active cooler is connected to the board through two new mounting holes and to the same four-pin JST connector as the chassis fan.
Radial blowers also aim for low noise and long service life, pushing air through extrusion and milling of aluminium radiators. Under typical ambient temperatures and maximum load conditions, both the chassis and the active cooler keep the Raspberry Pi 5 well below the power wall node. The active heatsink has better heat dissipation performance, especially suitable for overclockers.
4.3 27W USB-C power supply
When running the same workload, the Raspberry Pi 5 consumes less power and runs cooler than the Raspberry Pi 4. However, a higher performance cap means that for the most intensive workloads, the peak power consumption increases to around 12W, compared to 8W for the Raspberry Pi 4.
When using the standard 5V, 3A (15W) USB-c power adapter with the Raspberry Pi 5, the downstream USB current must be limited to 600mA by default to ensure sufficient headroom to support these workloads. This is lower than the Raspberry Pi 4 1.2A limit, but is usually enough to drive mice, keyboards, and other low-power peripherals.
Some users want to drive high-power peripherals such as hard disk drives and SSDs while still leaving headroom for peak workloads. The Raspberry Pi offers a $12 USB-C power adapter that supports 5V 5A (25W) operation. If the Raspberry Pi 5 firmware detects this supply, it increases the USB current limit to 1.6A, providing 5W of additional power for downstream USB devices, and an additional onboard power budget of 5W. It seems that this is already the power consumption of a thin and light notebook.
It is worth noting that the user has the option to override the current limit, which can specify a higher value even when using a 3A adapter. When tested, the Raspberry Pi 5 worked well in both typical high-powered USB device configurations and the most morbid workloads in this mode.
4.4 Cameras and cables
The new, higher density MIPI connector pinout meant that an adapter was required to connect the user's own camera and display, as well as third-party products, to the Raspberry Pi 5.
To support existing camera and display users, Raspberry Pi provides FPC camera and display cables that convert high-density formats (now called mini) to low-density formats (now called standard). These cables are available in 200mm, 300mm, and 500mm lengths and cost $1, $2, and $3, respectively.
4.5 PoE+ HAT
In early 2024, the Raspberry Pi will offer a new PoE+ HAT. It supports a new position for the four-pin PoE header in an L-shaped form factor that can be installed inside a Raspberry Pi chassis without mechanical interference or disruption of airflow.
The new PoE+ HAT integrates a planar transformer in the PCB layout and utilizes an optimized flyback converter architecture to maintain high efficiency over the entire 0 to 25W output power range.
4.6 M.2 HAS
One of the most exciting additions to the Raspberry Pi is the single-lane PCI Express 2.0 interface. The interface is used to support fast peripherals and is located on a 16-pin, 0.5 mm pitch FPC connector on the left side of the board.
Starting in early 2024, the Raspberry Pi will offer a pair of mechanical adapter boards that convert between this connector and M.2 standard accessories, enabling users to connect NVMe SSDs and other M.2 format accessories. The first interposer board meets the standard HAT form factor for mounting larger devices. The second has the same L-shaped form factor as the new PoE+ HAT and supports the installation of 2230 and 2242 format devices in the Raspberry Pi 5's chassis.
M.2 HAT prototype. The final hardware will not be like this.
4.7 RTC battery
Raspberry Pi purchased Panasonic lithium manganese rechargeable coin batteries, pre-installed two-pin JST plugs and adhesive mounting pads. Priced at $5, it's suitable for powering the Raspberry Pi 5 real-time clock (RTC) when the mains power is disconnected.
Sixth, newer and better Raspberry Pi operating system
While the Raspberry Pi 5 project was in its final stages, the software team was working on a new version of the Raspberry Pi operating system, which is the official first-party operating system for Raspberry Pi devices. This is based on the latest version of Debian (and its derivative Raspbian), codenamed "Bookworm", and integrates a number of enhancements, notably the transition from X11 to Wayfire Wayland synths on the Raspberry Pi 4 and 5.
The Raspberry Pi operating system will be released in mid-October and will be the only supported first-party operating system for Raspberry Pi 5.
Article source: Heart of the Machine_Zenan, Dapan Chicken_https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/7ze002cZ6vqNUhM6QJfwFA