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: The chip industry has now become one of the world's strategic priorities. The United States has always relied on its leading position in the chip field to firmly grasp this big cake of interests. Not only that, but they are also actively taking various measures to try to limit the development of chips in other countries. Such restrictions include pressure on its allies and a series of restrictions to force the world's chip giants to change their strategies.
The first to be affected is TSMC. As the world's leading chip foundry technology company, although TSMC has a market share of more than half, it has to comply with US chip regulations because it is an unavoidable reality. The U.S. government has repeatedly revised chip regulations, causing TSMC to lose Huawei, an important customer, and lose orders from other Chinese and Russian companies. Although TSMC will not feel a shortage of orders, it has gradually become more dependent on the US market, and even has to build factories in the United States, although the construction of these plants is extremely expensive and can hardly obtain commercial returns. To make matters worse, the US shareholders who once supported TSMC have withdrawn their investment, some giants such as Apple, Intel, and Nvidia have also significantly reduced orders, and the restrictions on chip subsidies in the United States are also extremely strict. All this led to the postponement of the overall construction and equipment installation progress of TSMC's factories in the United States, but accelerated the construction process of factories in Japan and Europe.
Similar challenges are faced by Samsung, a foundry company second only to TSMC. The U.S. government invited Samsung to build factories in the United States, but the high cost made the originally envisaged $17 billion investment far from support. According to sources, Samsung's investment in the US factory is expected to exceed $25 billion, far exceeding initial expectations. The crux of the matter, however, is not just the increase in costs, but also a series of restrictive rules imposed by the U.S. government on applicants for chip subsidies. The rules, which could expose the company's finances, technical details, and require a share of excess profits, and not build or expand advanced processes in Chinese mainland for a decade after receiving subsidies, are a major challenge for Samsung. To circumvent these restrictions, Samsung had to consider whether to apply for subsidies and actively communicate with the U.S. government.
Lithography machine manufacturing giant ASML is also in the spotlight, due to the US government's chip restriction policy, preventing it from selling EUV lithography machines to Chinese companies, resulting in a decrease in demand for EUV lithography machines. Although SMIC has not yet been able to use this high-end technology, ASML has already suffered this loss and can only rely on DUV lithography machines to maintain its business and compete for the Chinese market. However, the U.S. government is not satisfied with this, and continues to increase chip restrictions, trying to limit ASML's DUV lithography machine sales. The U.S. government has been actively working with the governments of Japan and the Netherlands to develop new restrictive policies. Recently, the Dutch government revealed that it plans to join the United States in restricting the export of advanced semiconductor technology, a policy that is expected to be implemented by the summer. ASML responded quickly, clarifying the scope of the restriction policy while pointing out that not all types of immersion lithography machines will be restricted to defend its own interests.
TSMC, Samsung and ASML are unwilling to give up the United States, the world's largest semiconductor market, but the US government's restrictive policies have constrained them and have to bear huge economic losses. All sides called for active communication to find a way to solve the problem, believing that the concept of globalization and free trade has been threatened. This series of circumstances has made TSMC, Samsung and ASML face unprecedented challenges and need to adjust their strategies to cope with the changing situation.
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