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At the beginning of the Soviet-German war, the Soviet army suffered heavy losses. Between the outbreak of war in June 1941 and the end of the year, they lost about half of their defense forces, and more than 70 percent of their tanks, self-propelled guns, 55 percent of artillery and mortars, and 83 percent of their combat aircraft were destroyed or captured on the battlefield. However, in this near collapse, the Soviet army gradually came out of the shadow of defeat and finally turned things around under Stalingrad. So, how did they do it?
First of all, the Soviet army learned the tactics of their opponents, the Nazi German army, and they did not hesitate to reform their organizational structure. The old large but clumsy mechanized corps were disbanded and replaced by leaner tank and mechanized corps. These newly formed armies are more flexible and adaptable, making it easier to produce high-quality commanders.
Secondly, the Soviet army attached importance to military education and training. They have established hundreds of military academies and training institutions and trained a large number of officers, especially commanders. Through practical combat experience and training, these officers have continuously improved their military literacy and made them more suitable for the needs of modern warfare.
In addition, the Soviet army upgraded and improved its equipment. They developed new types of weapons, such as the T-34 tank, the multiple rocket launcher Katyusha, etc., which performed well in battle and provided more powerful fire support for the Soviet army.
Most importantly, the Soviets gradually improved their theory of strategic campaigns. They adopted the strategy of large-depth campaigns, which put great pressure on the German army by attacking and breaking through from multiple fronts on a vast front. The command of the Soviet army also became more mature and skilled, and they were able to respond flexibly to various combat situations and ultimately won the victory.
In short, the reason why the Soviet army was able to get out of the shadow of defeat and achieve successive victories was because they made comprehensive improvements and studies in terms of organizational structure, military education, equipment upgrading and strategic campaign theory. These efforts brought them back from the brink of death to nirvana, which eventually turned the tide of the war and won the Soviet-German war.
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