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The border dispute between India and China has been the focus of international attention, especially in southern Tibet. This area is controversial because of its special location and rich resources. Before discussing the value of southern Tibet, let's review the history of Tibet, as the region played a key role in Sino-Indian relations.
The history of Tibet dates back to the early seventh century CE, when Tubo established its first unified regime. Tubo fought many wars with the Tang Dynasty, but due to the geographical conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Tang Dynasty could not easily conquer Tibet. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol Iron Horse conquered the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and incorporated Tibet into Chinese territory. However, over time, the Tibetan region experienced division and chaos until the fall of the Yuan Dynasty and Tibet fell into a long period of chaos.
At the end of the Qing dynasty, China faced external pressure and the British tried to annex all of Tibet, but the Chinese government firmly opposed it. During the Republican period, in order to obtain British support, Yuan Shikai sent people to discuss the Sino-Indian border with Britain, which eventually led to the signing of the Draft Treaty, which delimited the McMahon demarcation line and transferred southern Tibet to India. However, the Chinese government has repeatedly stated that this draft treaty is invalid.
After India sent troops to invade Tibet and took advantage of China's participation in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, India took provocative actions, leading to the outbreak of Sino-Indian border conflicts. Despite China's victory, the border dispute between China and India remains, lasting 15 rounds of negotiations, but India's reluctance to let go of southern Tibet has brought the issue to an impasse.
From a geographical point of view, southern Tibet is a key strategic barrier for India. Located on the southern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau, close to Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and other countries, this region is known for its rugged terrain. The terrain is complex, ranging from 80 to 5,000 meters above sea level, with steep peaks and deep canyons, making military operations extremely difficult. By controlling southern Tibet as a link between the East and the West, India hopes to strengthen the ties between the two lands and reduce its vulnerability to external threats.
Historically, India has suffered many foreign invasions that originated from its geographical location. The northern and western parts of India are relatively flat and vulnerable to external invaders. However, the complex terrain of the mountains and highlands in southern Tibet makes them a natural barrier for potential invaders. By occupying southern Tibet, India hopes to strengthen its territory's natural defense lines and reduce pressure on its east-west borders. As a result, South Tibet is seen as part of India's national security, and India is reluctant to easily relinquish control of the region.
In addition to its geostrategic value, southern Tibet is also rich in natural resources. The region's diverse natural landscapes include vast primeval forests, magnificent mountains, crystal clear rivers and abundant wildlife. Known as the "Jiangnan of Tibet", the southern region of Tibet is known for its mild and stable climate. The primeval forests here are home to a wide variety of wildlife, and some endangered species have found their last habitat here.
As a country with a large population, India faces limited land resources and environmental problems. For India, the natural resources of southern Tibet are of great attraction. These resources include precious medicinal herbs, wood, wildlife, etc., and have a significant impact on India's economy and way of life. In addition, southern Tibet is rich in hydropower resources, especially the Brahmaputra River, which is one of China's second largest rivers in hydroenergy reserves after the Yangtze River. These hydropower resources can be used to generate electricity, irrigate and supply water, which is crucial for a populous country like India.
Due to its location at the junction of the Asia-Europe plate, southern Tibet is also rich in mineral resources, including non-ferrous metals, rare earth elements and oil, which are of strategic importance to India's industrial and economic development.
In summary, the geostrategic value and abundant natural resources of southern Tibet make it an important region that India is reluctant to let go. India hopes to strengthen its homeland security and access to resources by controlling the region, but its border dispute with China has remained unresolved. Despite India's many provocative actions in the past, China has steadfastly defended its territorial sovereignty. The Chinese government insists on resolving disputes through dialogue and diplomacy, while also continuing to safeguard its territorial integrity. In the future, China will continue to firmly defend its national interests and safeguard regional peace and stability. History and facts have proven that China is indestructible, no matter how great the challenge.
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