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preface
The ovate pomfret is an important farmed fish whose lipid and protein metabolism has a key impact on culture efficiency.
Among them, lipids are an important source of energy and nutrients in fish growth and farming, and protein is an important foundation for building fish tissues and supporting physiological functions.
Cysteine is an important amino acid with a variety of important physiological functions in organisms, and its addition to the feed of oval pomfret has an extraordinary impact on its lipid and protein metabolism.
Next, Xiao Wang will understand with you why cysteine supplementation in feed affects the metabolism of lipids and proteins in oval pomfret trevally.
Lipids, protein metabolism and cysteine's mechanism of action
As basic nutrients in fish growth and farming, lipids and proteins are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions and promoting growth.
Fish ingest lipids in feed, break them down into fatty acids and glycerol through the action of enzymes, and then go through a series of metabolic processes, enter fish cells, and are oxidized into energy to supply to cells.
Lipids also play an important role in maintaining the structure and function of cell membranes during the growth of ovate pomfret trevally, which is mainly composed of lipids, including fatty acids, phospholipids and sterols.
The composition and structure of lipids determine the permeability, fluidity, and functional activity of cell membranes, which are essential for the normal physiological function and metabolic processes of cells.
Lipids also influence biological processes such as cell signaling and cell-to-cell communication, so maintaining proper lipid metabolism is essential for the healthy and normal growth of the oval pomfret cells.
On the other hand, protein is the basis for building and maintaining the tissues of ovate pomfret trevally, which is a macromolecular compound composed of amino acids that builds fish proteins with specific functions, such as bone, muscle, and gills through the protein synthesis process.
Protein is also involved in biological processes such as metabolic reactions in fish, catalytic action of enzymes, synthesis and transport of hormones, and it is also a component of the fish immune system, participating in cellular immunity and humoral immune response.
Therefore, the good protein metabolism is directly related to the normal growth, reproduction and immunity of the ovate pomfret trevally.
If the decrease in lipid metabolism capacity may lead to excessive fat deposition and weight gain, which will affect the breeding efficiency and market value, on the contrary, the improvement of lipid metabolism capacity may help improve feed conversion rate and improve meat quality.
Changes in protein metabolism may lead to an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation, affecting the growth rate and body composition of the oval pomfrantifer, so understanding and regulating the lipid and protein metabolism capacity of the ovate pomfret is the key to achieving efficient farming and high-quality aquaculture products.
Within cells, cysteine performs a variety of important physiological functions by participating in processes such as redox reactions and protein synthesis.
As an important antioxidant, cysteine can reduce oxidative stress within cells, which reduces damage to cells by reacting with free radicals and neutralizing their activity.
Cysteine is also involved in the synthesis of glutathione, one of the most important antioxidants in cells, helping to maintain redox balance and protecting important molecules from oxidative damage.
As an important component of protein synthesis, cysteine plays an important role in cells, forming peptide bonds with other amino acids, thereby constructing protein molecules with specific functions and physiological activities.
The sulfur-containing group of cysteine can also form disulfide bonds with other molecules, further stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins, which has an important impact on the function of proteins.
So, does adding cysteine to the feed have an impact on the lipid and protein metabolism of oval pomfret trevally?
To understand the situation, we put the ovate pomfret into different cages for relevant experiments, and in the last 24 hours before the end of the experiment, they stopped feeding these fish, and they weighed and counted the fish in each cage to know the number and weight of fish in each group.
In order to study more deeply the effect of cysteine on the metabolic capacity of the ovate pomfret trevally, we examined some biochemical markers related to fat and protein metabolism in serum, liver and muscle after the relevant experiments.
So, what are we going to do?
Effects on protein metabolism in ovate pomfret trevally
Before understanding the effect of cysteine on protein metabolism in fish, we need to understand that protein synthesis and decomposition in living organisms is a constantly changing process, and when the rate of protein synthesis is higher than the breakdown rate, it will lead to the accumulation of protein in the body.
This process mainly occurs in the liver, which is the main site for protein synthesis.
As an important part of protein synthesis, cysteine can affect the rate and quality of protein synthesis, thereby enhancing the cell growth and function of ovate pomfreight.
Cysteine supplementation may regulate the process of protein degradation in ovate pomfret trevally, which may affect the rate and selectivity of protein degradation by regulating the activity of proteases, which helps to maintain the intracellular amino acid balance of ovate pomfret trevally, ensure the synthesis of new proteins and maintain the stability of cell structure.
Cysteine can also affect the metabolism of ovate pomfret protein by participating in intracellular methylthio-based transfer, an important biochemical reaction within the cell that participates in a variety of biological reactions and metabolic processes by transferring methylthiogroup from one molecule to another.
As a sulfur-containing amino acid, cysteine can act as a catalyst to participate in methylthio-based transfer reactions and affect intracellular protein metabolism, which may have important effects on the immunity, hormone synthesis and metabolism of ovate pomfrantifer.
It is important to note that the effect of cysteine supplementation on protein metabolism in oval pompano trevally may be regulated by several factors, including supplement size, protein source, feed formulation, and feeding environment.
In the above related experiments, we found that cysteine supplementation can improve the protein anabolism in ovate pomfret trevally.
Specifically, the addition of 0.30-0.90% cysteine to the diet significantly increased the total protein content in muscle and serum of the oval pomfret trevally, suggesting that protein synthesis was promoted.
At the same time, cysteine also limits protein catabolism, when 0.30-1.20% cysteine is added to the diet, the serum antioxidant capacity of ovate pomfret is improved, and the urea nitrogen content in the muscles and liver is significantly reduced, which helps promote the accumulation of crude protein in the muscles.
Understanding the effect of cysteine on the protein metabolism of ovate pomfret trevally, why does it affect lipid metabolism?
Effects on lipid metabolism in ovate pomfret trevally
Similarly, from the related experiments mentioned earlier, we can know that through dietary supplementation of 0.30-1.20% cysteine, we significantly increased HDL-C levels in muscle, liver and serum in the oval pomfret trevally, while reducing T-CHO and serum LDL-C levels.
Interestingly, in our findings, dietary cysteine had no significant effect on overall fish body fat levels, but significantly reduced muscle fat content as well as TG and FFA levels in muscle and liver.
That is, cysteine supplementation may affect lipid synthesis and the activity of key enzymes in the degradation pathway in ovate pomfret trevally in the vessel.
In the lipid synthesis pathway, key enzymes include fatty acid synthase and glycerophosphate synthetase, which play an important role in regulating the rate and quality of lipid synthesis.
Cysteine supplementation can promote the activity of these key enzymes, thereby increasing the rate and quality of lipid synthesis, which will help to improve the fat content and feed conversion of ovate pomfret and improve breeding efficiency.
In addition, cysteine supplementation may also promote the activity of lipid degradation pathways in ovate pomfret trevally including fatty acid oxidation, triacylglycerol hydrolysis and cholesterol metabolism, through which lipids are broken down into energy for cells.
Cysteine supplementation may increase the activity of fatty acid oxidase, thereby accelerating the metabolism and utilization of fatty acids, which will help reduce fat deposition and increase the oxidation of fatty acids, improve energy efficiency and reduce fat deposition.
It is important to note that the effect of cysteine supplementation on lipid metabolism in oval pompano trevally may be regulated by a variety of factors, including the dose of cysteine added to the feed, other components of the feed formula such as protein and lipid content, feeding cycle, and environmental factors.
Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to develop a reasonable cysteine supplementation strategy according to the specific situation to maximize the effect of lipid metabolism.
epilogue
Cysteine supplementation has a significant effect on protein and lipid metabolism in ovate pomfret trevally, the addition of cysteine helps to increase protein content in fish, reduce fat accumulation, improve lipid metabolism, the effect of cysteine is dose-related, moderate supplementation is beneficial to promote metabolism, but excess may have negative effects.
This study provides important insights into the nutritional needs and lipid management of the ovate pomfret and suggests the potential role of cysteine in maintaining fish and human health.