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The scene captured by the space station is amazing, the dark mushroom cloud, its power is comparable to the "Little Boy" nuclear bomb dropped by the United States in Japan. The eruption was the strongest on Earth in nearly three decades, and might be classified as a Super Plinian eruption. More worryingly, the eruption is still unsubsided and can be confirmed at least as VEI5 for now, but it is estimated to rise to VEI6. The eruption has already triggered a huge tsunami that has swept through the Pacific Ocean, and the huge amount of ash will have a profound impact on the global climate in half a year.
Chillingly, the diameter of the mushroom cloud tops formed by this eruption reached about 400-500 kilometers. Taking the 410-kilometer distance from Shanghai to Hefei as an example, this means that if the volcano were placed near Lake Taihu, the entire Yangtze River Delta region, including Hangzhou, Nanjing, Hefei, Shanghai, Suzhou and other cities, would be enveloped in its volcanic ash.
Part of the video from Tonga already shows the tsunami hitting much of Tonga. Australia was clearly the hardest hit, while Japan was the next hit. Although the height of the tsunami was only 1.2 meters, it was enough to frighten the Japanese. The magnitude of this volcanic eruption has made the entire Pacific Rim countries feel an extremely strong shock.
Short-term strong fluctuations in air pressure at weather and pressure stations across China are clear signs that the shock wave of the Tonga volcanic eruption swept through China. This shock wave will circle the Earth several times and then gradually dissipate. The air pressure in Xiamen, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Fuzhou, Nanning, Wuhan and even Beijing has been affected by varying degrees of fluctuations.
The volcano is even more powerful than a nuclear bomb, releasing energy that is estimated to be equivalent to 620 million tons of TNT bombs or 48,000 Hiroshima atomic bombs. The disaster killed more than 1,200 people and forced more than 200,000 people to leave their homes. More worryingly, however, volcanoes also ejected 20 million tons of sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere with the energy released by the eruption, causing a 10% reduction in global sunlight and plunging the planet into a two-year "volcanic winter."
The eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia in 1815 was the last VEI magnitude 7 eruption, and its effects directly led to the global "Summerless Volcanic Year" of 1816. The eruption of Tonga's volcano could have similar global climate impacts. The harm to the aviation industry is also great, a large amount of volcanic ash into the stratosphere, posing a great threat to the aviation industry, which currently mainly uses jet aircraft, and the impact on the aviation industry in Oceania may last for 3-6 months or even longer. In addition, large amounts of volcanic ash and aerosols enter the stratosphere, forming haze clouds that block solar radiation, and global temperatures are expected to drop by 0.2-0.3°C, which is small, but equivalent to half a century of global warming.
The eruption occurred near the ENSO monitoring area, and the impact on ENSO was significant. The region will experience cooling and drought, which will change climate patterns and drive the climate towards El Niño. This process will have a significant impact on the world's major agricultural producing regions, potentially leading to abnormal precipitation or drought that can affect agricultural yields.
However, the eruption has raised other concerns. Given the fragility of the global food supply, some have begun to wonder whether the eruption will lead to a reduction in agricultural production, which will lead to higher food prices. Despite the fact that China has institutions that reserve grain, such as China Grain Reserve, and contributions from scientists such as Yuan Longping, it still needs to pay close attention to climate impacts. Not only that, but also the impact of climate, the north will usher in severe cold weather, if the eruption continues, aerosols into the stratosphere, the northern hemisphere will experience more extreme cold events and strong convective weather, which may trigger a cold wave similar to the 2008 blizzard again. This will be northeast China
The area has severe impacts that can lead to an intensified cold snap.
In addition, the Tonga volcanic eruption is intertwined with other climatic phenomena, such as the Siberian Cold Current and the La Niña Climate Year. The confluence of this chain of events could bring more unexpected extreme weather. This winter's winter is likely to be colder than expected, presenting unpredictable additional challenges.
For meteorological researchers, this volcanic eruption will also become a major task. They need to revise climate models and models to reflect the impact of Tonga's massive volcanic eruption. In addition, the event has also made people re-examine the potential impact of the eruption in Yellowstone Park in the United States, after all, the eruption has not stopped, and no one knows whether it will usher in a more violent secondary eruption.
The most critical issue is that it is not yet possible to determine whether this eruption has ended, nor can it rule out the possibility that it will erupt again. In recent years, natural disasters on Earth have occurred frequently, and most of them are not small-scale disasters, which makes people confused. All predictions and scientific research can be disrupted by sudden disasters. We hope that the earth will soon calm its anger so that mankind can live a peaceful life again.
In the face of such emergencies, we must cherish and protect our planet even more, because the natural power of the earth cannot be underestimated. This massive eruption in Tonga reminds us once again that we must be more vigilant and invest more resources in studying and monitoring natural disasters in order to mitigate their potential impact. Only in this way can we better cope with the challenges that may arise in the future and ensure the survival and prosperity of mankind.
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