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North African strongman Gaddafi eventually came to an abrupt end in the hustle and bustle of the streets, but not by an army from a major country or a trained killer, but by an ordinary young man named Urebi, who fought in the civil war against Gaddafi, successfully captured Gaddafi and ended his life. However, before his death, Gaddafi said two words to Urebi, perhaps he did not understand what he meant.
Gaddafi, a strongman from North Africa, was born into poverty, the son of a shepherd in the desert south of Sirte, Libya. He had a difficult childhood, having to walk three or four hours to and from school, and in middle school he even relied on asking for food and bunks in mosques to support his education. However, poverty did not stop him from growing up. He established his own organization in the school, demonstrated outstanding leadership qualities, and laid the groundwork for future coups.
In 1961, Gaddafi went to Benghazi University to study history, then transferred to a military academy to study military affairs, and then the Royal Military College in England, an experience that provided a solid background for his future coup d'état. Gaddafi was deeply unhappy with King Idris of Libya, believing that he was close to the West and neglected the Arab world. Therefore, he actively encouraged his classmates to join the army, reorganized the organization into "freedom officers", and prepared for the establishment of the ideal Libya.
In August 1969, an arson incident at the Al-Aqsa Mosque sparked political chaos in the Idris dynasty. Gaddafi saw an opportunity and led the Free Officers in a late-night coup d'état, and although the plan was full of mistakes, he eventually succeeded in overthrowing the Idris dynasty and becoming the de facto leader. He changed Libya's foreign policy, drew close to the Soviet Union, recovered U.S. military bases, and stripped Western companies of Libyan rights, achieving independent control of the oil state, and greatly improving the domestic economy.
Gaddafi's domestic and foreign policies have upended the international order, not only by supporting terrorism but also by challenging Western countries. However, he used oil revenues to improve the livelihood of the people at home, providing housing, free health care and education, and even implementing a universal distribution policy, which enabled the Libyan people to live a prosperous life in the golden decade of the oil boom.
However, Gaddafi's foreign policy triggered international sanctions, the Libyan economy collapsed and unemployment soared. In 2011, anti-Qaddafi demonstrations broke out, the National Transitional Council was formed, and civil war broke out. Gaddafi tried to suppress the opposition, but was met with multinational military intervention and eventually captured. He was abused on the streets and eventually died at the hands of Urebi.
However, Gaddafi's death did not bring prosperity, Libya descended into chaos and a second civil war, oil revenues plummeted, and the country's economy nearly collapsed. The incident suggests that Gaddafi's rule may have been authoritarian, but none of the leaders after him were able to stabilize the country and improve people's livelihood. Mr. Urebi may never understand what those two words of Gaddafi meant on his deathbed.
Gaddafi's reign and death was an important chapter in North African history, and his rise and fall reflected the complex relationship between international politics and the oil economy. However, instead of bringing peace and prosperity to Libya, Gaddafi's death plunged into greater turmoil and distress. Perhaps Urebi would understand years later that while Qaddafi's rule was flawed, his wealth was also theirs for ordinary Libyans, and that the real enemy might be the West outside Libya. However, Urebi has long since passed away, leaving behind a troubled country, reflecting that the fate of political leaders affects not only the fate of individuals, but also the fate of the entire country.
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