Yuan Ang and Chao are wrong

When it comes to the famous nemesis in history, Chao Que and Yuan Ang must be a pair.

"Ansu is not good at wrong, wrong to sit, Ang to avoid; Ang to sit, wrong to avoid, the two have not tasted the same table."

With you and without me, water and fire are intolerable.

In the past, the two were generally mentioned to directly acknowledge this fact, and the story surrounding the confrontation between the two in the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms, which caused each other to die, rarely explored why they were so hostile, or whether their discord had some other circumstantial evidence and related causes and effects.

Unfortunately, there are not many relevant historical materials, and the only ones that can provide reference are the two-person biography of the "History" and the "Book of Han", while the "Book of Han" basically copied the narrative of Tai Shi Gong, the only difference is the addition of several wonderful strategies of Chao's mistakes.

Rao is so, we can still dig out more details from this joint biography, and restore a richer image of Chao Andong and Yuan Ang.

In fact, the policy that Ban Gu joined can already reflect the difference between the two, that is, Chao Que is a strategist and intellectual.

In his early years, chao que majored in the study of "Shen Shang Criminal Name", which is commonly referred to as the theory of the Fa under the scholar Zhang Hui. Therefore, with his "literary" specialty, he became a subordinate official of the Han Dynasty Emperor Wendi. The so-called palm is to be familiar with the past events and systems. Here, to explain "literature", it does not refer to today's art, "literature" refers to literary style, "learning" refers to learning, that is to say, the chaotic literary style and learning are outstanding, and they are worthy of this task. The word "xue" also clearly points out Chao's mistaken identity, and he is indeed an intellectual.

In the combined biography, Yuan Ang's excellence lies in the skillful use of words to deal with personnel affairs several times. In addition, there is no mention of his learning experience and teacher inheritance, but with a sentence: his father was a thief in the Chu state in his early years. It seems highly likely that Yuan Ang did not have any formal education.

Therefore, Tai Shi Gong said: "Although Yuan Ang is not easy to learn, he is also good at following the meeting. "Admit that he is indeed not deeply learned, but his eloquence is good.

One is an intellectual, the other is the son of a group of thieves, and he does not know whether the difference in origin is a factor that leads to the two people's hatred.

After Emperor Wen of Han became a subordinate official of the Taichang Dynasty, Chao Que was given another opportunity to further study.

At that time, almost no one in the world could teach the Book of Shang, which naturally had the reason that Qin Shi Huang forbade folk to teach poetry and books, and also because of the reorganization of the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty. Emperor Wen heard that only a dr. Qin of qi knew the Book of Shang, called Fusheng. It was just that Fu Sheng was already in his nineties at this time, and for humanitarian reasons, he could not be asked to come to teach. So Emperor Wen taught TaiChang the task of learning this almost lost knowledge, and Taichang chose Chao wrong. Because Chao Mistakenly served as the head of the family, and the "Book of Shang" was originally about three generations of old things, it was most appropriate for him to pass it on.

Chao mistakenly packed his bags and went to Fusheng's home to study, and when he returned, he looked like a more learned scholar and praised the learning of the Book of Shang.

However, judging from the policy given to Emperor Wen after chao's mistake and the behavior of Emperor Jing, it is obvious that the study of "Shen Shang Criminal Name" is the way he identified in his heart.

"The Lord of Man therefore reveres and reveres with those who are descendants of all the worlds, and knows the number of magic also."

"This is a letter he wrote to Emperor Wen after he finished studying the Book of Shang." The word "magic number", Han Feizi likes to talk about it the most. In the upper book, Chao Que believes: "The crown prince has read a lot of books, but he does not know the number of tricks." ”

Chao Que thus became the Prince's family order, and with his knowledge and eloquence, he was greatly favored and was called a "think tank".

The prince is naturally the future Emperor Jing of Han, and from this time on, Chao Que has begun to use his concept of "magic number" to profoundly affect the future Tianzi of the Han Dynasty, profoundly affect the future concept of governance, and also profoundly affect his own tragic end.

According to Mr. Zhang Yinlin's summary, there were three major schools of pre-Qin.

A faction emphasizes "techniques", represented by South Korea's Shin Bu Harm, and pays attention to how the master of the people uses the art of power to control the courtiers.

A faction that emphasizes "law", represented by the Shangmartin of the Qin State, pays attention to severe punishment and strict law to restrain the subjects.

One faction attaches great importance to the "potential", represented by Zhao Ren's prudence, and pays attention to the centralization of power in the hands of the people.

In the hands of Han Feizi, he was compatible and became a master. Therefore, at that time, Qin Wangzheng read Han Fei's works and said: If I can know this author, I will die without regrets. Of course, the last to die first was Han Fei, and in the framework of the Fa, except for the monarch, all the others were ants that had nowhere to escape under the great net of art, law, and potential weaving, including the Fa thinker himself.

Chao Is also a staunch practitioner.

"If it is wrong to say that it is advisable to cut the affairs of the princes, and the decrees can be changed, the book is thirty." Although Xiaowen did not listen to it, he was surprised. ”

Roughly speaking, the reforms carried out by Chao Que are nothing more than weakening the actual power of princes and heroes, and then changing laws and regulations to institutionally maintain the rule of the central Tianzi. The princes were too powerful and the heroes were too strong, which were the sequelae left by the time of Gaozu Liu Bang, and were further aggravated by the change of Emperor Wen, and the Jing Emperor of Wen had gradually become terminally ill. And what Chao mistakenly has to do is to take the next dose of strong medicine to prolong the life of the Empire.

Emperor Wen did not adopt a chaotic strategy, but this did not mean that his proposal was unreasonable. At that time, the first-rate strategist Jia Yi was dead, and among the remaining countermeasures, Chao's wrong strategy was still the best, and he was further promoted.

"When Jia Yi is dead, there are more than a hundred countermeasures, but the fault is Gao Di, and it is the doctor who moved to the middle."

The reason why Emperor Wen did not adopt it was due to his cautious personality and the time had not yet come, but judging from his repeated promotion of Chao and his consistent appointment to counsel the crown prince, it was clear that he hoped that his heirs would solve the problem of the princes and heroes sitting on the throne.

After Emperor Jing ascended the throne, he was soon promoted to the position of Imperial Grand Master, which was the position of deputy prime minister of the country, and then he weakened the princes in a big way, and sure enough, everything was moving forward according to the reservation plan of the father and son and Chao.

It is just that chao is in the middle of the day, and while realizing the will of life, it ignores one thing, that is, the dilemma that all reformists in history have faced, that is, offending all vested interests who have passively made the cake, and angering all cautious conservatives who oppose too radical.

In fact, there were too many enemies of Chao's mistakes, and there was no need to wait for the Jing Emperor Dynasty. His claims were well known when he wrote to Emperor Wen.

"The prince is good at making mistakes, and Yuan Ang and the great heroes are not wrong."

There are two key to this sentence, first, "The prince, that is, the future Jing Emperor, greatly appreciates Chao's reform plan", so everyone knows that it is only a matter of time before the chao's reform axe is cut on his head. Second, "the great heroes", not "the ministers". This "gong" character exposes the political situation in the early Han Dynasty, and the status of meritorious servants is too prominent. The so-called "gong" at this time mainly refers to the founding merits, the merits of Emperor Lu and Emperor Wen. These figures who have too much power and too much status caused by the special period of history have realized that the target of Chao's mistake is themselves, so they have long had a bad relationship with him and are in the same situation.

And Yuan Ang is not a hero, why don't you like Chao's mistakes?

We don't know the real reason, but from the perspective of personality and behavior, the two are two very different categories.

"Mistakes are steep and deep". Sinister, stubborn, mean, and city-like, I don't know whether it is because of this personality that he is determined to use "magic numbers" to infringe on the interests of princes and heroes, or because what he does is too arbitrary and cruel, making him look more ruthless.

Therefore, from the perspective of the combined biography, from chao's wrong track to the end being tricked and killed by Emperor Jing like an abandoned pawn, there was not a single friend around him.

On the other hand, Yuan Ang's interpersonal relationships are handled extremely well.

Still in the Lü Hou Dynasty, he was Lü Lu's sheriff. However, when Lü Shi fell, he not only did not offend, but instead served as a Lang official in the Wen Dynasty. Of course, this was because his brother had a close relationship with Zhou Bo, one of The Leaders of Xue Lu, and saved him.

Yuan Ang advised Emperor Wen to maintain the dignity of the Son of Heaven against Zhou Bo, but when Emperor Wen took excessive pressure on Zhou Bo, he also tried his best to rescue Zhou Bo, so Zhou Bo turned to befriend Yuan Ang.

Yuan Ang served as the governor of Longxi, and the warriors "all fought for death"; as the minister of state of Wu, the king of Wu "met Ang with kindness".

In addition, Yuan Ang also had a very close relationship with his foreign relative Dou Bao, the elder Xiang Xiang Shen Tu Jia, and these people were precisely the objects that Chao Er wanted to weaken. This is not a coincidence, but from the perspective of the Legalist theory, in order to consolidate the power of human masters, all people are naturally cutting down the list that must be weakened.

One is isolated and helpless, one is a friend everywhere, both the reason for the position and the factor of personality, perhaps this is also the key to the two people's friendship.

Different origins, different choices, different personalities, but ultimately the same fate.

Yuan Ang relied on his outstanding eloquence and emotional intelligence to win over emperors, princes, and heroes. But there are times when it doesn't work, and that's when it comes to the heirs of the empire.

On this issue, Yuan Ang firmly sided with Emperor Jing, thus offending the King of Liang. As a result, King Liang sent more than a dozen groups of assassins to assassinate him.

And what is very dramatic is that one of the assassins was actually touched by Yuan Ang's character and popularity, and said sincerely: I heard that everyone praised you, it must be an elder, I can't bear to do it. Before leaving, he also sincerely reminded Yuan Ang that there are assassins coming in the back, so please be careful.

Yuan Ang was eventually stabbed to death, no matter how he could influence Fengyuan, when it touched the fundamental interests, he still couldn't pass.

In contrast, chao's wrong death is naturally more worthy of lamentation.

The cutting of the domain advocated by him led to the Rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms. In order to quell the chaos, Emperor Jing had to rely on the heroes, and these heroes all regarded Chao's mistakes as their mortal enemies.

So Emperor Jing decided to use the wrong head to express his attitude.

At his behest, the chancellor, the lieutenant, and the court lieutenant jointly wrote a letter impeaching Chao, saying that he was rebellious and unjust, that the sin should be beheaded, and that the three tribes should be destroyed.

Emperor Jing's instructions: Agree.

Immediately afterward, the lieutenant passed on Emperor Jing's will, saying that Emperor Jing had chao mistakenly inspect Dongshi. Chao mistakenly put on his imperial clothes, got into the car, and headed for the East Market. When he arrived in the city, he was held down by the unknown and executed on the spot.

"Shang Ling Cheng Xiangqing, Lieutenant Jia, and Ting Wei Ou made a mistake: 'Do not call the Lord Of Virtue and Faith, but want to alienate the people and the people, and want to give Wu a city, without courtesy of the courtiers, and with no great rebellion.'" Parents, wives, and the same child all abandon the city. 'Yes.' I don't know. 壬子,上使 Lieutenant summoned the wrong, 绐載行市,錯衣朝服斩東市。 ”

This original text is emotional to read. In particular, the "Shang Ling" and "Shang Envoy" all reflect the secret murder and chaos, all of which are from the original intention of Emperor Jing. This pair of masters and apprentices, who had been extremely trusted and pampered, finally came to a break when the great calamity was imminent. And what is particularly ruthless is the word "can". One word can deprive all grace, all merit and the life of the whole clan, and there is nothing more cruel than this.

Emperor Jing was twelve years younger than Chao, and history called Emperor Jing's personality "mean and unkind", but zhen and Chao were the same master and apprentice.