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Introduction
The Battle of Jingkang, which occurred in 1127, is an important event in Chinese history. The Jin Dynasty invaded the Northern Song Dynasty, seized Tokyo, captured the emperor and a large number of court members, and led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, and this event also profoundly affected Chinese social concepts. This article will review the development of the concept of chastity in Chinese history, the transition from primitive society to Jingkang, and the role of the Jin Dynasty in this evolution.
Primitive society: the faintness of the concept of chastity
In primitive societies, based on matrilineal descent, women had a relatively high status. Without the shackles of the concept of chastity, society is based on the family, and maternal blood determines authority and decision-making power. Men are mainly engaged in hunting and conservation, and do not hold internal power, so the concept of chastity does not exist.
Xia Shang Zhou period: a weak continuation of chastity consciousness
During the Xia Shang Zhou period, the concept of chastity was still relatively weak. Ancient texts such as the Book of Poetry reflect free love and a free attitude towards unhappy marriages. Marriage is not restricted by ritual and chastity. The social climate is open and women have the right to make their own choices.
Han and Wei Dynasty: Divorce and remarriage are shameless
During the Han and Wei dynasties, divorce and remarriage were considered normal. The famous talented daughter Cai Wenji has married many times, but it has not caused social criticism. Society is open, and women enjoy greater freedom in matters of marriage.
Sui and Tang dynasties: The social atmosphere is open
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, China entered a golden age of political stability, economic prosperity and cultural prosperity. Close cultural exchanges with the outside world, open social atmosphere. Members of the royal family such as Yang Guifei and Wu Zetian have had many marriage experiences and are not bound by etiquette.
Northern Song Dynasty: The concept of chastity gradually emerged
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the regime tightened its grip on ideology and morality. Under the influence of Cheng Zhu Lixue, the status of women declined, and the concept of chastity began to rise. Although Wang Anshi and others helped remarry, the concept of chastity gradually strengthened.
After the Jingkang incident: There was a strong sense of chastity
After the Jingkang Incident, the Southern Song Dynasty strengthened unified management and strictly unified its thinking, and Cheng Zhu Lixue exerted a wide influence on people's ideological concepts. Zhu Xi emphasized that "a husband is a wife", and chastity became the primary standard of ethical rules. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the concept of chastity reached its peak and had a far-reaching influence.
The role of the Jin Dynasty: The change in the concept of chastity
The Jin Dynasty occupied the Han region of the Central Plains after the Jingkang Revolution. In long-term contact with the Han people, the Jin Dynasty was influenced by the Confucian Cheng Zhu Lixue, and the concept of chastity gradually became stronger. The behavior of Kim Sejong's mother, Lee, and other women reflects the development of the concept of chastity. The Jin Dynasty's concept of chastity was consistent with the Han during the Ming and Qing dynasties and became an important value in the social and cultural psychology.
epilogue
In Chinese history, the concept of chastity has evolved from weak to strong. The difficulty of Jingkang became a watershed, and the influence of Confucianism brought the concept of chastity to its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The Jin dynasty played an important role in this evolution, reflecting the complex interweaving of history and culture.
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