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Behind the discussion of the hegemony of the Arabian Peninsula, we will look back at a turbulent history, a history of witnessing the rise and fall of families and the struggle of international powers. This is the story of Saudi Arabia, how a once-obscure family emerged to unify the entire Arabian Peninsula.
Saudi Arabia, as the largest peninsula in the world, carries the dreams and ambitions of many countries. However, the distribution of this land is grossly unfair. Saudi Arabia owns about 70% of the peninsula, while other countries, such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, have only a limited territorial area. The reality of this inequality is puzzling, given that these countries are world-famous and wealthy. So, how did the Saudi family establish Saudi Arabia's hegemony step by step?
The history of the Saudi family originated in a small, unknown family on the Arabian Peninsula. At that time, there were many powerful families in the Arabian Peninsula, among which the Hashemite family was revered for founding Islam. However, the birth of Islam harmed the interests of the Mecca nobility, leading to Muhammad's forced exile in Medina. Twenty years later, Muhammad led his army to retake Mecca and became the de facto ruler. The Hashemite family built the Arab Empire with great military might.
However, the Arab Empire gradually declined under internal divisions and external pressures. The Ottoman Empire entered the Arabian Peninsula in the 16th century as the new ruler. The three major families of Hashemite, Rashid and Saudi Arabia continue to fight, each occupying territory and maintaining its own prestige and status. At the end of the 18th century, the Saudi family took advantage of the decline of the Ottoman Empire to establish the First Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and began to make a name for itself in the Arabian Peninsula.
However, the Ottoman Empire, dissatisfied with the rise of the First Saudi Kingdom, and the Hashemite family, were disturbed and launched a war that led to the fall of the First Kingdom. The Saud family was expelled from Mecca and had to wait for the moment to re-emerge. During this period, the internal and external problems of the Ottoman Empire were intertwined, and its national strength declined. Colonial powers such as Britain also saw the Ottoman Empire as prey and began to encroach on their territory. The Ottoman Empire faced external threats and internal instability.
At this critical moment, the Saud family rose to prominence again, establishing the Second Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1824. However, British intervention and confrontation with the Rashid family left the Saudi family in a situation of internal and external attacks. In 1853, Britain took control of the Persian Gulf, incorporating nine emirates into its protectorate, increasing tensions in the Arabian Peninsula. The Ottoman Empire was embroiled in a fight between the Rashid family and the Saud family, and the Rashid family, with the support of the Ottomans, defeated the Saud family and went into exile again.
However, the Saudi family, like an indomitable little strongman, has not been discouraged after two defeats. At the beginning of the 20th century, Britain supported the Saudi family in their revolt against the Ottoman Empire. Before the outbreak of World War I, the Arabian Peninsula was dominated by the Ottoman Empire, the British, and the local Najd region, in which the Saud family held 20% of the territory. After the outbreak of World War I, Britain and France supported the Hashemite family, giving them control of almost the entire Arabian Peninsula. By 1918, the Arabian Peninsula had been reshuffled to form four independent states, including the re-established Emirate of Najd by the Saudi family.
Over the next few years, the Saudi family painstakingly occupied about 40 percent of the Arabian Peninsula. Britain and France sided with the Saudi family and supported it against the Hashemite family. Finally, in 1925, the Saud family defeated the Hashemite family, and the Hashemite family was forced into exile. After seven years of persistence, the Saudi family established a fully unified "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", occupying 70% of the Arabian Peninsula.
To sum up, Saudi Arabia was able to succeed
The reasons for being the hegemon of the Arabian Peninsula can be divided into two key aspects. First of all, the Saudi family has shown a tenacious fighting spirit in the long course of history. Their ancestors persevered and never gave in, and have maintained a presence in the Arabian Peninsula. This indomitable spirit is the foundation of their success.
Second, the descendants of the Saudi family possess excellent political stratagem and diplomatic wisdom. They cleverly exploited the game between international powers, especially the rivalry between Britain and France in the Arabian Peninsula. These family leaders were able to identify opportunities, seize favorable moments, and weaken their competitors step by step.
With the perseverance and wisdom of the Saudi family, they finally realized their dream of "one family" and established the powerful Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The country had absolute dominance in the Arabian Peninsula, becoming the ruler of the region.
However, Saudi Arabia's rise comes with its own set of challenges and responsibilities. As hegemons in the region, they need to play an important role in safeguarding national security, managing international affairs, and promoting economic prosperity. At the same time, they also face complex interests and relationships from different countries and regions, and need to delicately balance the interests of all parties.
Overall, the rise of Saudi Arabia has been a long and tortuous historical process, full of struggle and wisdom. Their success stories inspire people and demonstrate the power of resilience and intelligent decision-making. However, as hegemons of the Arabian Peninsula, they also have a great responsibility to maintain steady and wise leadership in the changing geopolitical landscape. This is a time of challenge and opportunity, and Saudi Arabia will continue to write its history.
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