Foreign invasion has always been a headache for rulers in Chinese history, and from the beginning of qin's destruction of the Six Kingdoms, Qin Shi Huang began to build the Great Wall and sent the general Meng Kuozhen to defend the northern frontier to resist the Xiongnu. Then the Xiongnu problem in the early Han Dynasty was particularly serious. So why was the Three Kingdoms period so chaotic and there were no major problems caused by foreign invasions?
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was constant strife among the masses, and the Central Plains was filled with endless smoke of war. But what is very surprising is that in such a turbulent situation, the Xiongnu, Qiangrong and other foreign tribes that have been coveting the Central Plains have not taken advantage of the opportunity to share a piece of the pie on a large scale, after all, these outsiders have liked to take advantage of the chaotic world since ancient times. From the beginning of the Shang Zhou Dynasty, the wars between the Central Plains Dynasty and foreign tribes never stopped, and the Northern Rong Di once destroyed the Western Zhou Kingdom, the Rebellion of the Eight Kings at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty led to the Wuhu entering the Central Plains, and even the later confrontation between the Two Song Dynasties and the Jurchens and the Khitans. But at such a time of great chaos in the Three Kingdoms, where did these Hu people go? The so-called sandpipers and clams compete with each other for the profits of the fishermen, how can they sit back and watch the profits of the fishermen be lost in vain?
First, it is because its power has not yet formed a scale, and most of it has been absorbed by the three regimes
The Xiongnu were once the largest invading foreign tribes in the Two Han Dynasties, but after the han wudi emperor, the Han Xuan emperor and the guangwu emperor sent troops to resist, their living forces were basically destroyed. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu continued to strife due to internal strife, and finally split into the northern and southern Xiongnu tribes, and the northern Xiongnu went all the way to Europe and destroyed the Western Roman Empire. The Southern Xiongnu and various ethnic groups around the Han Dynasty poured into the Central Plains and submitted to Cao Cao, which is known in history as "the population of Guanzhong was more than one million, the Rong Di was half, and the Huns and Han were mixed." For the sake of stability in the north, Cao Cao successively divided these Hu people into five departments, each of which selected nobles as marshals, and another Han people as Sima to supervise them;
The Xiongnu have always been a subordinate slave army of the Xiongnu, and after the xiongnu civil unrest, the Xiongnu have also fallen into a situation of no control and have no strength at all;
During the Three Kingdoms period, the Karasuma clan was considered to be the most powerful of the Hu people, and once claimed their own kings. However, after the Cao Wei regime came to power, Cao Cao, with Zhang Liao as the vanguard, destroyed Karasuma at the White Wolf Mountain, beheaded its leader Jiandun, and the tribe was moved inland to settle down, and the previous Karasuma troops were also incorporated into the elite cavalry units of Cao's army;
The Xianbei tribe was also internally divided and struggling in the same period, and was later attacked by Cao Cao's troops, and the leader Kebineng was assassinated, which directly led the tribe into great chaos, and it was not until the Western Jin Dynasty that it was restored.
The Qiang, Qi, and Southern Barbarians in the northwest and southwest were also frequently disturbed during the Three Kingdoms period, but they were all destroyed by the princes of the Three Kingdoms.
Cao Cao's exploits in defending against foreign tribes were enormous
During the Second and Third Kingdoms periods, there were many famous generals, and the Hu people were famous and fearful
During the Three Kingdoms period, although there was constant chaos, there were many talents:
In the northwest region, Zhang Yi, Dong Zhuo, and others repeatedly defeated the rebellions and attacks of the Qiang and Xianbei people;
After Cao Cao destroyed Wuhuan at the White Wolf Mountain, his son Cao Zhang recaptured the Northern Wuhuan Wuchen Wuchen, Xianbei Kebi was able to submit, and the Northern Dading was determined; Cao Cao himself detained the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu, forcing the Southern Xiongnu to split the five divisions and solve the border problem.
After the founding of the State of Cao Wei, Tian Yu and Zhao Zhaozhen guarded northern Xinjiang, recruited Wuhuan and Xianbei, greatly broke Kebineng, cut bones into, and threatened northern Xinjiang;
The famous Cao Wei general Yuqiu Jian twice sent troops to attack Goguryeo, attacked Marudu, and killed several of his kingdoms.
Sun Wu Luxun personally led an army to pacify Shanyue, and he not only filled the army but also developed the fields with the strong as soldiers and the old and weak as farmers.
In addition to Zhuge Liangping's southern barbarians and seven captures of Meng, in addition to Zhang Liao, Zhang Jie, Ma Chao, Xiahou Yuan, Liang Xi and others, they were all famous generals in the Central Plains who were very afraid of the Hu people.
There are many famous generals in the three countries
Although the three countries were in turmoil, the military regimes were stable
Cao Wei: After the north basically agreed, Cao Cao issued many decrees to build water conservancy and attach importance to agriculture. In fact, the Central Plains were basically stable under Cao Cao's rule, and the Hu people were basically unable to resist Cao Wei, so they did not dare to go south easily. Although the Hu people of the Central Plains who were divided repeatedly rebelled and harassed, they still submitted superficially and did not have a climate, and Cao Wei in the western region could also be stabilized.
Sun Wu: Sun Quan has always attached great importance to the development of Jiangnan, and began to implement the tun tian system in the third year of Jian'an, vigorously develop agriculture, and build water conservancy, so that Sun Wu compared with Shu Han and Cao Wei, the people are relatively rich and stable, after Shanyue was incorporated, although there were often rebellions, but because life was relatively stable, the scale was not large, and it was soon suppressed and quelled.
Shu Han: After Zhuge Liang's vigorous rectification and reclamation, although Shu Han was not as good as Cao Wei and Sun Wu, it was not desolate, plus Zhuge Liang was not only good at rectifying the regime, but also attached great importance to the people's livelihood and people's hearts. After Nan Man was absorbed by Shu Han, there was no more turmoil, and after Qiang Rong was broken, Jiang Wei, because he knew Qiang Hu very well himself, did not cause trouble except to use it against Cao Wei.
Fourth, the Hu people are still in the stage of learning Han culture
Although the Hu people and the Central Plains have always had a constant intersection before the Three Kingdoms, the Hu people have not really understood the cultural strength and cultural heritage of the Central Plains, and the integration of the Hu and Han has only just begun at that time, and they are not enough to control the Han people and rule the Han people. For Han culture, the Hu people are still in the stage of development and learning, and have not been completely integrated into the agricultural civilization, and the Central Plains are far more advanced than the Hu people in terms of economy, culture and military.