#古籍里的历史#
As a Kaifeng person, I have a soft spot for Wei Wuji, the king of the Wei State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, after all, the capital of the Wei State is in the current Kaifeng. When I read Sima Qian's Shiji, although there were many places in the book that I could not understand, especially the "Book of Heavenly Officials" and the "Almanac" in the "Eight Books". But I can still read the "Legend of Wei Gongzi" in the seventy column biographies. During the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, there was the saying of the "Four Princes", Meng Weijun Tian Wen of the State of Qi, Huang Xie of Chunshen Jun of the State of Chu, Zhao Sheng, the Plain Sovereign of the State of Zhao, and Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling of the State of Wei. In terms of prestige and status, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, was at the top.
In 277 BC, King Wei Zhao of the Wei state died, and his son ascended the throne as King Anqi of Wei. In 276 BC, after King Wei ascended the throne, he made his younger brother Wei Wuji the Prince of Xinling. Wei Gongzi Wuji was the youngest son of King Wei Zhao and the half-brother of King Wei Anxi. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji was a benevolent and generous corporal, and he interacted with the scholars, regardless of their talents or talents, and never dared to dismiss the scholars, regardless of their talents. Therefore, the warriors with a radius of thousands of miles rushed to him and attracted 3,000 visitors. At that time, because of the virtuous princes and many guests, the princes and countries did not dare to use troops to invade the Wei state for more than ten years.
Once, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, was playing chess with King Wei Anqi and did not want an alarm to come from the northern border, saying: Zhao Guo sent troops to invade and would enter the border. King Wei immediately put down his chess pieces and summoned his ministers to discuss countermeasures. Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, dissuaded King Wei Anji and said: It was King Zhao who was hunting, not invading the border. Then he played chess with King Wei Anqi as if nothing had happened. However, King Wei was terrified, and his mind was not focused on playing chess. After a while, news came from the north: King Zhao was just hunting, not invading the border. King Wei Anxi was shocked when he heard this, and asked: How did Gongzi know? Xinling Jun Wei Wuji replied: "One of my diners can go deep into the secret of King Zhao, and if King Zhao does anything, he will immediately report me, so I know about it." From then on, King Wei was afraid of the virtuous abilities of Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, and no longer dared to appoint him to handle state affairs.
In 258 BC, the story of "stealing talismans to save Zhao" occurred.
Facing the Qin army attacking the State of Zhao, the situation in the State of Zhao was precarious. Plain Jun Zhao Sheng was anxious and helpless. The wife of Zhao Sheng, the Plain Sovereign of Zhao, is the sister of Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling. The envoys sent by Zhao Sheng to the Wei Kingdom for help continued one after another, using the mouth of Zhao Sheng, the Prince of the Plains, to accuse Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, saying: The reason why Zhao Sheng and I have become in-laws with you is to admire your noble morality and be able to rush people's danger. Now that Handan will fall into the hands of the Qin State sooner or later, and the Wei State reinforcements are holding back, even if you look down on me and Zhao Sheng despise me, can't you pity your sister? Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, was very anxious, and repeatedly asked King Wei Anqi to order the general Jin to march in to rescue Zhao, and sent his disciples who could speak eloquently to persuade in every possible way, but King Wei was never moved. Wei Wuji, the Jun of Xinling, had to gather more than 100 visitors under his door to ride in carriages and horses, preparing to go to the state of Zhao to fight to the death with the Qin army besieging Handan City.
There was a hermit in the Wei state named Hou Huan, who was seventy years old, his family was poor, and he served as a gatekeeper in the Wei capital Daliang City. Once, Xinling Jun Wei Wuji set up a grand banquet to entertain guests, and the guests were already seated. At this time, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, ordered to prepare a chariot and horse, vacate the left position, and personally go to pick up Hou Huan. Hou Huan wore old clothes and hats, jumped into the car, and sat high, not humble. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji personally drove the car, and his demeanor was more respectful. Halfway through, Hou Huan said to Wei Wuji, the Jun of Xinling: "I have a friend Zhu Hai who works as a butcher in the market, please let the car go around him." Xinling Jun Wei Wuji commanded the car into the market, and Hou Huan got out of the car to see his friend Zhu Hai, and deliberately stood there for a long time to talk with him; At the same time, he slightly squinted at Xinling Jun Wei Wuji, only to see that his attitude was still very modest, so he took his leave to his friend and boarded the car and arrived at Xinling Jun Wei Wuji's mansion. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji led Hou Huan to sit in the upper seat and introduced and praised him to the guests, and the guests were very surprised.
When he was about to die in Handan of the Zhao Kingdom, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, took a detour to Yimen to meet Hou Huan. Hou Huan only said lightly: Gongzi, you are good to yourself, I can't go when I'm old! After Xinling Jun Wei Wuji left, he walked for several miles, feeling sullen in his heart, and turned back to see Hou Huan. Hou Huan smiled and said: I already knew that Gongzi would come back! Now you have no other way to personally face the Qin army, just like using meat to fight a hungry tiger, what can you do! Xinling Jun Wei Wuji then got out of the car and asked for advice. Hou Huanping's left and right entourage whispered: I heard that Jin Zhao's troop transfer talisman is in King Wei's bedroom, and his favorite Ru Ji has a way to steal it. I once heard that Gongzi avenged Ruji's murder of his father, and Ruji expressed his willingness to do things for you and die. As soon as Gongzi opens his mouth, he can get the tiger talisman that transfers troops, take away the military power of Jin, go north to save Zhao, and resist Qin in the west, and he can establish the merits of the five hegemons. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji did as he waited for him, and sure enough, he got the talisman. Before leaving, Hou Huan said again: The general is out on a campaign, and the king's order can not be accepted. If Jin Jun did not surrender his military power after using this talisman and then asked the King of Wei for instructions, then the matter would be dangerous. My friend Zhu Hai is a brave warrior and can go with you. If Jin Xiao obeys, it is best. If you don't obey, you can let Zhu Hai beat him to death! When Gongzi heard these words, he cried. Seeing this, Hou Yu asked: Is Gongzi afraid of death? Why cry? Xinling Jun Wei Wuji explained: Jin Wei is a brave, strong, and experienced veteran of the Wei state, and when I go to him, I am afraid that he will not obey the order and will definitely kill him, so I cried sadly, where is the fear of death? Hou Jian said: I should have gone with you, but I was old and did not have enough strength to make the trip. Allow me to calculate the date of your trip, and on the day you arrive at the Jin army, I will face the neck of the north and die to show my loyalty to the prince. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji then set off on the road. When he arrived in Yecheng, after Jin and the military inspection talisman were combined, he was still very suspicious, waved his hand and looked at Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, and said: I led an army of 100,000 troops to station at the border, and you only came alone to replace me, what is the matter? Zhu Hai immediately pulled out a forty-pound iron cone from his sleeve and killed Jin Jun, and Wei Wuji deployed the army and ordered: "Both father and son are in the army, father can go back!" Both brothers are in the army, the older brother can go back! The only son who has no brother can go back to his parents! So 80,000 soldiers were selected and marched forward.
After Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, said goodbye to Hou Yu, on the day he arrived at the Yecheng military camp, Hou Wei really faced Beiji and died. This is the chivalrous style of the Spring and Autumn Warring States Period! This is how it comes that the Yimen of Daliang City has a soul because of Hou Ying, and the city of Kaifeng is famous because of the Yimen, so that later generations actually refer to Kaifeng City with Yimen. For example, Yimen in "Yimen from the ancient imperial state" refers to Kaifeng City. The current town of Zhuxian in Kaifeng is said to be the hometown of the great Liang warrior Zhu Hai, who made many achievements in the battles of retreating Qin, saving Zhao, and saving Wei, so the heroic name of Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, is also inseparable from his discovery and appointment of Zhu Hai.
In 257 BC, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, led reinforcements to destroy the Qin army under the city of Handan. Wang Gong withdrew the Handan siege army and retreated; Another Qin general, Zheng Anping, was surrounded by Zhao forces and led 20,000 men to surrender to the state of Zhao; Fan Sui, who reused Zheng Anping's application, was also punished by the King of Qin. After Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, rescued the state of Zhao, he did not dare to return to the state of Wei, so he stayed in the state of Zhao with his disciples and sent generals to command the army back to China. King Zhao consulted with Zhao Sheng, the Prince of the Plains, and used five cities to bestow the title of Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling. When Xinling Jun Wei Wuji heard the news, he became proud and arrogant, revealing a look of complacency. One of the disciples persuaded Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, that there are things that cannot be forgotten and that cannot be forgotten. Others have kindness to Gongzi, and Gongzi must not forget; Gongzi has kindness to others and hopes that Gongzi will forget about it. Moreover, under the order of the King of Wei, he seized the military power of Jin to save the State of Zhao, which was considered a merit for the State of Zhao, but it was not considered a loyal minister for the State of Wei. Gongzi thought that he had meritorious work and felt great, and I privately thought that Gongzi really shouldn't. When Xinling Jun Wei Wuji heard this, he immediately reproached himself, as if he had no land. Zhao Guo held a grand welcome banquet, and King Zhao cleaned the steps of the hall, personally went to the door to greet the distinguished guests, and performed the host's etiquette, leading Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, into the west steps of the hall. Xinling Jun Wei Wuji turned sideways and walked up the eastern steps of the lower level, saying that he had failed the Wei State and had no merit to the Zhao Kingdom. King Zhao and Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, drank until dark, because Wei Wuji was too humble, and King Zhao was always embarrassed to say anything about the five cities he had given him. Finally, King Zhao gave the city to Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, as Tang Muyi. Later, Wei Guo also returned Wei Wuji's original fief Xinling to him.
In the Kingdom of Zhao, Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, heard that there was a Gaoshi Maogong living in seclusion among gamblers, and another Xue Gong living in seclusion in the house of a wine seller, and wanted to meet them, but the two refused to meet. Therefore, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, went on foot to visit and travel with them. When Pingyuan Jun Zhao Sheng heard this, he didn't think so. Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, said: "I heard that Pingyuanjun was a virtuous man, so I turned my back on the Wei state and went to rescue the Zhao state. Now it is just a generous gesture to make friends with some people, not to visit talent. I, Wei Wuji, went out with Mao and Xue, and I was afraid that they would not accept me, and Pingyuanjun actually thought it was a shame! So Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, packed his bags and prepared to leave the Zhao Kingdom. Zhao Sheng, the Plain Jun, hurriedly went forward, took off his hat to apologize, and Xinling Jun Wei Wuji stayed.
In 254 BC, the Qin general Jiu (摎) led an army to attack the Wei state and captured the city of Wu. This is related to the fact that Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, could not return to his homeland when he was in the state of Zhao, how could the state of Qin seize such an opportunity to let go, and Qin also forced the whole country of Wei to obey the orders of the king of Qin.
In 247 BC, Thailand was still attacking the Wei state, and the Qin general Wang Gong attacked the cities of Shangdang County in the Wei state, capturing all of them, and initially set up Taiyuan County. The Qin general Meng Xiao led an army to attack the Wei state, capturing Gaodu and Ji. The Wei army suffered repeated defeats, and the king of Wei was deeply worried about this, and as a last resort, he sent envoys to the state of Zhao to ask Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, to return to China to save the disaster. Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, refused to return for fear of being convicted upon his return. He also admonished his disciples: Whoever dares to inform the envoys of the Wei state will be executed! As a result, the guests did not dare to persuade him. Duke Mao and Duke Xue visited Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, and said: "You are respected by all countries only because the powerful Wei state still exists. Now the situation in the Wei Kingdom is critical, but you have no hesitation, so once the people of the Qin Kingdom have captured the capital Daliang and shoveled the ancestral temple of the ancestor king to the ground, what face should you stand in front of the people of the world! Before the two of them finished speaking, Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, had changed his face drastically, and he immediately drove back to the Wei Kingdom. When King Wei saw Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, he held his hand and sobbed, and immediately appointed him a general. Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, sent people to ask for help from the princely states, and when the countries heard that the Xinling Jun Wei Wuji was again serving as a general of the Wei state, they all sent troops to rescue the Wei state. Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, led a five-nation coalition army west of the Yellow River to defeat Mengqiao's army, and Mengqiao fled with the remnants. The Xinling Jun Wei Wuji pursued him to Hangu Pass and suppressed the Qin army outside the pass before leading his troops back to Wei.
In order to sow discord between Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, and King Wei Anxiang, King Xiang of Qin Zhuang sent people to the Wei Kingdom with ten thousand gold, and found the disciples of Jin who were killed by the Xinling Jun, and asked him to persuade the King of Wei: Xinling Jun has been in exile abroad for ten years, and now he is again a general of the Wei State, and the generals of all the princely states are subordinate to him, so that the people in the world only hear about the person of Xinling Jun, but do not know that there is also King Wei! King Zhuang Xiang sent gifts to Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, many times to congratulate him, saying: Have you become the king of the Wei state? When King Wei heard this kind of slanderous words against Wei Wuji, the Xinling Jun, every day, he couldn't help but believe it, so he asked him to lead the army instead of Xinling Jun. Wei Wuji, the Prince of Xinling, realized that he had been deposed for the second time because of the vilification of others, so he stopped attending meetings with King Wei on the grounds of illness, drank day and night, indulged in women, and died after four years.
According to the "Shiji" of Ma Qian of the Taishi Company, when Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, was in a low position, he heard many times that the Xinling Jun Wei Wuji was virtuous and talented. After Liu Bang ascended the throne as emperor, every time he passed through Daliang City, he often had to sacrifice his son Wei Wuji. In the twelfth year of Emperor Gaozu of Han (195 BC), he returned from the front line to defeat the rebel general Yibu, and when he passed through the city of Daliang, he placed five families for his son Wei Wuji, specially guarding his tomb, and let them worship his son according to the four seasons every year for generations. Ma Qian of Taishi Company also said: When I passed the ruins of Daliang, I looked for the so-called Yimen. It turned out that Yimen was the east gate of Daliang City. Among the many princes in the world, there are indeed hospitable gentlemen, but only Xinling Jun can befriend those hidden figures in all corners of society, and it is very reasonable that he is not ashamed of befriending the lower classes. His reputation far exceeds that of the princes, and it is indeed not a false rumor. Therefore, every time Gaozu passed through the Great Liang, he ordered the people to sacrifice him, and he could not be cut off.
In 243 BC, King Wei also died, and his son Wei Zeng, who succeeded him as King Jingshu. In the same year, Wei Wuji, the king of Xinling, and his brother King Wei Anqi left one after the other...