Before reading this article, please click "Follow", which is convenient for you to discuss and share, and can bring you a different sense of participation, thank you for your support
Text|Editor: Wenyan
【Preface】
Is the first to unify the six countries but was scolded for being cruel and ruthless, and the tyrannical government really as unbearable as later generations say? Did Chang'e really eat the elixir and ascend the moon fairy in history?
All the questions of history can only be answered by words. In 1975, 12 Qin tombs of all sizes in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, unveiled their mysteries to the world.
Along with the appearance of more than 1,100 Qin Dynasty bamboo tablets, the content of these bamboo tablets completely subverted our previous cognition.
"When I saw Bamboo Jane for the first time, I couldn't believe my eyes, the content was rich and novel, and the novelty was so new that Sima Qian, the originator of historiography, had never seen it."
After sorting out and translating the excavated bamboo tablets, Rao's knowledgeable archaeologists could only say the above words blankly.
Just two sentences are enough to show the importance of this batch of bamboo tablets for us to explore the secrets of history.
How exactly does the little bamboo tablet describe Qin Shi Huang? What is the fact that Chang'e ran to the moon?
What other secrets does Bamboo Jane bring us?
Today, let's explore the story behind the Qin tomb bamboo Jane.
【Small county town repaired water canal to surprise Qin Han tomb】
At the end of the summer of 1975, Zhang Zedong, a farmer in Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, never dreamed that his unintentional actions would have such an impact.
The family has a piece of farmland near Sleeping Tiger Land, which is a problem because of the low terrain, and crops are flooded in the event of heavy rains. Digging a canal was on his mind.
After the last crops were harvested at the end of the summer, Zhang Zedong called his companions to start digging the canal.
But as he dug and dug, he noticed that something was wrong, and the color of the soil began to change to a strange blue-black color as he dug down.
An ancient tomb was dug near Sleeping Tiger Land two years ago, when Zhang Zedong specially ran to the scene to see the liveliness.
At that time, the scene when digging the ancient tomb was exactly the same as in front of him, and he realized that something was wrong, and he did not dare to continue digging, and immediately reported the matter to the relevant department at a higher level.
When the staff of the county cultural center heard the news, they immediately copied the guy and followed Zhang Zedong to the scene to confirm, and when they arrived at the scene, everyone was happy in their hearts, it was the ancient tomb!
The staff quickly reported to each level, and experts from the provincial museum and the State Administration of Cultural Heritage quickly rushed to the site to excavate.
At the end of this year, after several months of preparation, the excavation work was officially launched, and this excavation did not matter, but it justified Qin Shi Huang, who had been reviled by the world for thousands of years...
[More than 1,100 bamboo tablets unveil the mystery of the Qin Dynasty]
As the excavation deepened, all the tombs were rediscovered, and the 12 Qin Dynasty tombs, large and small, excited the experts present.
Although these ancient tombs inevitably have some caves, they are relatively well preserved, and a large number of rare treasures such as jade and lacquerware have been excavated.
But the most valuable thing is not these jewelry items, but the more than 1100 bamboo tablets found in Tomb M11!
Through the epitaph and inscriptions in the tomb, experts analyzed the identity of the owner of the tomb.
The owner of the tomb was named "Xi", who was a grassroots law enforcer in the Qin Dynasty, and although the level was not high, it can be inferred that he was in charge of the law.
In Xi's tomb, most of the 1,155 bamboo tablets were copied by hand by Xi, densely packed with more than 40,000 characters.
The content of the bamboo Jian covers all aspects of Qin Dynasty life, such as politics and economics, from the Shang martingale method to the 30th year of Qin Shi Huang.
The bamboo stick had been soaked in water for a long time, but after being unearthed, it would be shattered by weathering, and experts immediately transported it back to Beijing for study.
With the in-depth study of the content of the bamboo simply, the content on the bamboo simplification may not even be seen by Sima Qian, completely subverting the world's view of Qin Shi Huang's "tyranny".
Unlike what people thought was "brutal" in the past, the laws of the Qin Dynasty described in the Qin Jian of Sleeping Tiger Land were detailed and strict.
From field management, granary management to the pass market, it looks messy, but in fact the details are breathtaking!
First of all, the Criminal Code makes a detailed distinction between each type of offence, and there are different penalties for different stages of implementation of the offence.
At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also created a precedent in forensic science, with fairly clear records on the determination of various deaths, laying a solid foundation for future generations.
Even the sustainable development of environmental protection in the 21st century has long been written into law during the Qin Dynasty.
The "Law of Fields" clearly stipulates the time of hunting and logging, and these labors can only be performed at the specified time every year, which is really far-sighted.
There is a rule in "Qin Law" that is worth learning now: if you encounter an injured person on the road, if someone within a hundred steps does not help stop it, everyone will be fined two pieces of armor.
You must know that two pairs of armor were worth 4 taels of gold at that time! This is the income of ordinary farmers for two or three years. Under this punishment, people naturally dare not stand idly by.
Through the above description, it is inevitable that people will doubt their previous cognition.
In fact, history is written by the victors, and the Qin Dynasty we know before is mostly a glimpse of it from the history books of the Han Dynasty, which is more or less subjective.
Even the well-known Chen Sheng Wuguang uprising may not be real.
The story records that Chen Sheng Wuguang could not rush to the construction site because of heavy rain and was beheaded according to the law, so he was forced to rebel.
However, Qin Jianzhong clearly recorded the handling methods given for the delay of the task:
If the task is delayed by three to five days, you will only be fined to write a review and be reprimanded by the foreman.
If it exceeds five days, a certain fine will be paid, and there will be no penalty in case of force majeure such as weather.
Therefore, according to the "Qin Law", Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's situation will not be beheaded and executed. Sima Qian's account in the Chen Shijia is inaccurate.
Qin Shi Huang carried a thousand years of infamy, but he didn't expect it to be a false slander, which really made people's jaws drop.
The emergence of Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Jian also shows that our national legal system has begun to take shape more than 2,000 years ago.
Compared with those countries in the West that claim to be free under the rule of law, they are completely ahead! This is the pride of each of our Chinese sons and daughters.
[Little Bamboo Jane helps future generations explore the secret of "Chang'e Rushing to the Moon"]
Coincidentally, 18 years later, in Wangjiatai Village, Qiubei Village, Jingzhou Town, Jiangling, Hubei Province, villagers dug up five-flower soil and rotten wood while digging fish ponds.
By chance, 16 Qin and Han tombs were cleaned up in this small Wang Jia Tai, of which a large number of bamboo tablets were also found in Qin tomb No. 15.
Tomb No. 15 has a unique shape, the mouth of the pit is large, but the bottom of the pit is very small, in order to increase the stability of the pit, the upper and lower parts of the foundation pit are not the same.
Above the tomb is a paddy field, so the tomb is very badly damaged, because the identity cannot be confirmed, and the archaeological difficulty is greatly increased.
But in the ruins, the staff still made a major discovery - Qin Dynasty bamboo Jane, 813 bamboo pieces are quite rich in content. Among them is the famous "Return to Tibet".
Everyone in the world knows "Zhou Yi", and there are not many who know "Guizang", in fact, it is also a divination book, "Guizang" is much earlier than "Zhou Yi".
Among them, "Guizang Gui Mei" even reveals the true face of the story of Chang'e running to the moon.
According to the "姮娥" that appeared in the records, experts believed that the two characters should be the same as "姮娥" through cross-comparison and research.
After she secretly ate the elixir, she did not fly to the moon to become a fairy, but turned into an ugly toad, no wonder the moon is also called "jade toad".
Later, because Emperor Wen of Han's name was Liu Heng, in order to avoid the use of homophones, he changed the name of 姮娥 to Chang'e.
Shi Zhengzu, a scholar of the Song Dynasty, spent years studying the legend of Chang'e's running to the moon, and he found that in distant antiquity, Chang'e's name was pronounced similarly to the word "Changxi".
Chang Xi is the goddess in charge of the moon, known as the mother of the moon in ancient times, and her incarnation in the world is also called Chang Xi, proficient in moon watching and divination, and is revered as a god by mortals.
Combined with the records in "Return to Tibet", it is not difficult to deduce the true face of the mythical story of "Chang'e Rushing to the Moon":
Chang Xi was worshipped as a god because of her good observation of the moon, and her story eventually evolved into today's "Chang'e Rushing to the Moon" in the process of folk circulation.
It can be seen that the inheritance of words is of great significance in the process of historical development, and without the inheritance of words, many facts may really be submerged in the long river of history and cannot be examined.
【Conclusion】
The Qin Dynasty bamboo Janes in Yunmeng County and Jingzhou Town in Jiangling in Hubei Province are one of the most important cultural heritage in mainland history.
They unveil the mystery of Qin Shi Huang and the Qin Dynasty, and let us re-recognize this glorious and tragic history.
These bamboo tablets not only detail the academic knowledge of the Qin Dynasty's legal, economic, cultural and medical fields, but also contain some myths, legends and divination.
It fully demonstrates the wisdom and creativity of the people of the Qin Dynasty, and provides us with new perspectives and clues for understanding the rise and fall and fall of the Qin Dynasty.
These bamboo tablets are an important source of our country's legal system and cultural traditions, which have been preserved after more than 2,000 years of ups and downs.
Qin Shi Huang, who has been in turmoil all his life, may never have imagined that his self, who has been misunderstood for thousands of years, will eventually be justified by an unknown subordinate.
If you are interested in these bamboo simplifications, you can visit their exhibitions at the Beijing Capital Museum or Wuhan Provincial Museum, or search for their pictures and materials on the Internet, you will definitely have more gains and insights.
【Disclaimer】
The article description process and pictures are all from the Internet, this article aims to advocate positive social energy, no vulgar and other bad guidance. If copyright or character infringement is involved, please contact us in time, we will delete the content as soon as possible! If there is any doubt about the incident, delete or change it immediately after contact.