Xu Wei, a name like "Yunshui Tianchang", but accompanied by "downfall" and "madness", poured pain into his life of opening and hanging...
"Life was bumpy, the second brother died early,
Married three times, helping around,
Five cars learned richly, six relatives scattered,
Seven years of wrongful imprisonment, eight trials not sold,
Jiuban committed suicide, it was really sighing! ”
Mr. Wang Changan summarized Xu Wei's life experience as a cross song, simple numbers, unique life, downcast, blood and tears. He himself wrote a poem saying: There is no end to the sufferings of the world, and there is no end to the suffering.
Xu wei
(1521—1593)
Living in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, with long characters, aliases Qingteng Taoist, Tianchi Sheng and so on. Poet, essayist, dramatist, calligrapher, painter, military strategist, murderer, performance artist. He is an artistic genius and a strange master in the impression of ordinary people; Another madman, Van Gogh in China!
Xu Wei "Resume"
His father died when he was three months old.
When he was four years old, his second sister-in-law Yang died, and he was able to welcome the mourning guests like an adult.
At the age of ten, his birth mother was dismissed, and at the age of ten, he went to court with his escaped servants.
At the age of fourteen, his mother died.
At the age of twenty, he entered the Pan family.
At the age of twenty-one, his second brother died.
At the age of twenty-five, his eldest brother Xu Huai died, and his family property was occupied by scoundrels.
At the age of twenty-six, his wife Pan died.
Before the age of forty-one, he failed the first and second examinations of the township examination.
At the age of 45, he was so nervous and depressed that he was afraid of being implicated in Hu Zongxian's case that he committed suicide several times and did not die.
At the age of forty-six, he married a young woman, and was imprisoned on suspicion that she had committed adultery with outsiders.
At the age of forty-eight, his biological mother died of illness and was released from prison for a short time to handle the funeral.
At the age of fifty-three, the Wanli Emperor changed the yuan to grant amnesty and was released from prison with the help of Zhang Tianfu and Zhang Yuanchen's father and son.
At the age of sixty-one, his mood was depressed and his old illness recurred.
Sixty-nine years old, drunk and injured his shoulder bone, bedridden.
At the age of seventy-three, he died of poverty and illness.
Before his death, he wrote "Deformity", which recorded his bumpy life experience.
"Self-combing feathers standing tall branches"
Looking at Xu Wei's simple chronology, you can't help but sigh that in a person's life, there is so much pain, life is a lifetime, but sadness is endless. His poetry and paintings have an indelible spirit when viewed at it, and there is also the grief of a hero who has lost his way and has no way to stand. He considered himself "calligraphy first, poetry second, writing third, painting fourth".
Looking at his book, it is magnificent.
Xu Wei "Inscribed Painting Language"
Xu Wei's calligraphy contrasts particularly with the dull atmosphere of the early Ming dynasty, and he is best at imposing wild grass, but it is difficult for ordinary people to understand, and he is extremely fond of his calligraphy.
Looking at his poems, it is like a smile, like a water gorge.
Xu Wei's paintings in his later years all show his rebellious character and otherworldly feelings. For example, he painted plantains and plum blossoms together, and expressed his heart with banana green plum white. He also inscribed a poem:
Part of Xu Wei's "Plum Blossom Diagram"
Basho in the snow,
That has to go with plum blossoms?
I take the green and white,
Frost is not dyed with hemp.
"Basho Bamboo Leaf Diagram"
Pen rot is not available,
Draw a banana.
Ink heavy leaf is about to fall,
Stone support for the lake.
For example, the Mo Lan that he spilled out with his pen is the bloom of his elegant feelings, and the inscription is poetic:
Lanting old species Yue Wang Lan,
The blue wave disappeared from the world.
Kōninō Kinō,
One blue is not worth five cents.
Watch its play, four ape, full of tears.
"Four Sound Ape" is Xu Wei's theatrical work, which has been used endlessly in the history of Chinese theater. Tang Xianzu, the author of "Peony Pavilion", saw "Four Sound Ape" and said that he couldn't wait to pull out Xu Wei's tongue, this is the routine of the Ming Dynasty people praising people, "Four Sound Ape" is better than singing, so how can others speak?
Looking at his paintings, it is thick and cold, and it is full of horizontals.
Xu Wei Hua Zhu 337.6×.5 cm, Taipei National Palace Collection
I write my intentions, and the ink on that paper is his externalized agitation, peace, unruliness, loneliness, defiance, not seeking understanding, only self-respect. He simplified the sufferings of life in a single ink color, even if there are thousands of sufferings in the world, he went down in one stroke, that is, to write them off. Pain cannot withstand the fine painting of the pen, only freehand, capital lettering, block and stagnation, dripping in ink, tears cannot be washed, splashing ink to wash.
For Xu Wei
Qi Baishi once said: I hate not to give birth three hundred years ago, grinding ink paper for Qingteng.
The literary scholar Yuan Hongdao saw his writing and was shocked as "the first in the Ming Dynasty".
After reading the miscellaneous drama "Four Sound Ape", Tang Xianzu thought that he was a "flying general of the word field".
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai said that his paintings were "bizarre and detached, and they leaped out of their vigor."
In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao once engraved one, claiming to be "Oxen and horses walking under the Qingteng Gate".
"A few crooked houses, a south-to-north transfer person." This is Xu Wei's portrayal of his life.
Since he lived in a "crooked house", it was impossible to tune the same tune according to the requirements of the authoritarian era; Since the person who becomes a "southern cavity and a northern tune", when he cannot be tolerated by the world, he will be a strange life, and he will die of death. Therefore, Xu Wei's name has always been "not from Yue".
The mission of history was completed under his persevering pursuit, and the little ghost sent by Yan Wang Ye arrived as promised. This seemed to have a premonition for the 73-year-old Xu Wei, who trembled and got up from the bed and wrote the couplet equivalent to a self-portrait with the last bit of ink:
It's hard to have fun, and it's fun to have fun.
There is no end to suffering, and there is no end to suffering.
Introduction: Tianchi ink opera. Headings in February
Xu Wei was dying, accompanied by a small broken bed covered with thin straw, in addition to the golden body that he said belonged to a high-ranking monk. Westerners believe that the greatest misfortune of genius is to be born in the wrong era. But Yuan Hongdao did have this view: "The complaining hardships experienced by literati in ancient and modern times have not been like Mr. ...... The rise of Mr. poetry swept away the habits of modern obscenity. Under a hundred lifetimes, when there is a conclusion, what reason is there to say that he was born in the wrong era? ”
However, is it only bitter that can be calcined to produce fine products after being tormented and sharpened, and then bloom strange flowers on the ruins of pain, it seems that only in this way can it be immortal. However, if you ask today, who wants to die and die immortal?
If Xu Weiquan knew something, ask him, and I don't know if he would like it or not.
When Xu Wei is mentioned, many people think of his miscellaneous drama "Four Sound Ape", which is known as "a strange writing between heaven and earth". And he also pioneered the large-scale freehand painting of flowers and birds in the Ming Dynasty. The so-called freehand meaning, that is, "do not seek form, but only seek god". Talking about Xu Wei's painting proposition should start from "freehand" to explain his "not seeking form", "all things are precious to take pictures", "the homologous theory of calligraphy and painting" and "self-intention".
If you do not seek to be more than enough, you will take what you want
"If you don't seek likeness, you will take what you want." This is Xu Wei's first claim. It basically means that if you do not stick to the shape of the thing itself, but paint with the deep feeling in your heart, the picture will be vivid and the artistic conception can be far-reaching. Xu Wei's unprecedented theory can be described as extraordinary.
"There is nothing in the world, and I always joke about painting flowers." "Samadhi" means that "it can be like a creation and an absolute arrangement", and the pen and ink must be able to "drip with rain and open up", so that it can be natural, and it cannot be like "gourd" for tradition and objects. Xu Wei is good at using ink, good at using ink with water, and splashing ink is especially good. It can be said, "If you do not seek similarities, you will take what you want." "The so-called everything has a phase, and the phase is born from the heart.
Xu Wei Ink peony diagram
His painting of bamboo and peonies really paints people, and he really expresses the blockade in his heart. There is an inscription ink peony cloud: "Peony is a rich and noble flower, the main brilliance is dazzling, so in the past, people were mostly known for hook dyeing, but now they are splashed with ink, although there is business, after all, it is not the true face of this flower, cover the Yu Ben Qiao people, born and plum Zhuyi, to glory and rich wind, Ruoma Niu Yifu is similar." It can be seen that his ink-splashed peony is not only a creation in form and style, but an artistic innovation with profound ideological significance.
Xu Wei abandoned the superficial flashy things and went deep into the origin of things. Emphasis on subjective initiative, anti-theory, anti-tradition. This idea is related to the political background of the time, and in the late Ming Dynasty, Wang Yangming's "study of heart" was admired by many artists. "Pingsheng Jiang Haixin, Game Hanmo Field". Xu Wei has suffered several failures, cynicism, and mavericks, and "Xinxue" has found a breakthrough for him in literary and artistic creation, thus achieving his shocking creation.
Flower Character Atlas No. 3 Ink on paper Collection of the National Museum of China