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Over time, the situation in the field of semiconductor chips has become more and more tense. The United States, as the birthplace of semiconductor technology, has always occupied a dominant position in the global semiconductor market. However, a series of recent events suggest that this situation may be changing.
For years, the United States has dominated semiconductor technology. It not only has core chip technology, but also gave birth to many well-known semiconductor giants, such as Apple, Intel and NVIDIA. This gives the United States a strong voice in the global semiconductor market. In order to suppress China's Huawei company, the United States has repeatedly revised the export rules of semiconductor chips and put pressure on Chinese companies such as Huawei.
However, the changes to these rules have not only had a huge impact on Chinese companies such as Huawei, but also disturbed the balance of the global semiconductor market. In 2022, global sales of consumer electronics such as smartphones continued to decline, leading to a significant decline in demand for high-end chips. U.S. companies such as semiconductor giants such as Qualcomm and Intel are also facing the problem of inventory backlog, and the entire U.S. semiconductor industry has suffered huge economic losses, reaching $1.8 trillion.
In order to monopolize the semiconductor market and revitalize the local manufacturing industry, the United States has repeatedly invited TSMC to build factories in the United States. TSMC finally chose to compromise under pressure from the United States, announcing the establishment of advanced 5nm and 3nm chip factories in the United States. However, this also means that TSMC lost Huawei, an important customer, and its customer base became American companies, which made TSMC begin to be controlled by American companies.
After entering 2023, in order to further restrict the development of Chinese companies in the semiconductor field, the United States has joined forces with Japan and the Netherlands to form a tripartite alliance to try to restrict the export of core equipment such as lithography machines. The Dutch company ASML, one of the giants in the field of global lithography machines, has always expressed its reluctance to leave the Chinese market. However, with the continuous pressure from the United States, ASML also announced that it will follow the export rules of the United States and will restrict shipments of immersion lithography machines of 2000i and below in the summer of 2023.
This decision has had a huge impact on the Chinese market. China has become the world's largest consumer market for lithography machines, and the demand for ASML's EUV lithography machines is huge. However, ASML chose to side with the United States and moved its headquarters to the United States, which is reminiscent of TSMC's similar approach. This kind of decision seems to have put these companies in the hands of the United States, and the risks cannot be ignored. The American media even said: the next TSMC may have been born!
On the whole, whether ASML will become the next TSMC, we cannot have too many illusions. To gain a foothold in the field of cutting-edge science and technology, domestic science and technology enterprises must adhere to independent innovation, comprehensively layout and develop key technology fields such as lithography machines. Only in this way can we go more steadily and long-term in the international market. The evolution of this situation is food for thought.
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