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Text | Mr. L
Edit | Laughing at Shi Yunyan
introduction
"If you want to be rich, build roads first", this ancient adage explains the indispensability of transportation construction to national progress. The Chinese government has been actively promoting infrastructure construction, however, road quality problems have always existed, not due to the technological gap between China and Japan, but because of maintenance management. This article will take you to explore the differences between road construction in China and Japan, as well as the reasons for the frequent renovation of China's roads and countermeasures, so as to show the differences and common challenges of the two countries in this field.
Historical comparison of highway construction in China and Japan
History of asphalt roads in Japan
In 1878, after the Meiji Restoration, Japan followed the example of Western countries and built its first road in Tokyo, however, the use of domestic natural asphalt as a pavement material led to quality problems.
In 1905, the Japanese government introduced asphalt laying technology for the first time, but directly copying the British experience led to new problems. In the past 10 years, after many tests and researches, Japanese engineers and technicians have successfully independently developed asphalt paving technology solutions suitable for Japan's national conditions, laying a solid foundation for Japan's large-scale asphalt pavement paving projects.
However, after the outbreak of World War II, Japan, as a defeated country, greatly reduced its national strength and could not continue to pave asphalt pavement on a large scale. Fortunately, U.S. economic aid gave Japan hope, and they imported a large amount of high-quality bitumen raw materials from the United States, while introducing advanced pavement construction equipment. Japanese engineers and technicians humbly learned the professional knowledge and management experience of the United States, opening up new horizons. In 1950, the Japanese government, together with universities and research institutions, compiled the "Asphalt Paving Outline" based on the experience of the United States, and officially launched the large-scale asphalt pavement laying project in China.
In this nationwide project, Japanese technicians strive for excellence, meticulous calculations and precise use of materials to ensure that every inch of land and every piece of asphalt is used to the fullest. They are even willing to spend years building an asphalt road to ensure the integrity of the road surface. These efforts have resulted in longer life and better surface quality of asphalt roads in Japan, and today, 98.9% of Japan's roads are paved with asphalt, making it one of the highest road quality countries in the world.
Analysis of the causes and countermeasures of frequent renovation of mainland highways
The mainland road network is developing rapidly, but the problem of frequent road renovations has always plagued us. There are several reasons for this problem:
1. Highway construction problems: Some local governments pay too much attention to the progress of projects, neglect quality control, and even simply blame the quality problems on builders and supervisors, and do not actively perform government supervision duties.
The highly competitive highway engineering market has led some builders to lower their prices and cut corners to reduce the quality of their work. The lack of strict inspection and false records of the supervision agency is also one of the problems.
2. Natural environmental factors: China's complex terrain and large climate differences, from severe cold to hot summer, will accelerate road damage. Geological disasters such as mudslides and landslides in mountainous and hilly areas also occur from time to time, directly leading to road damage. Coastal areas are also subject to strong sea winds, resulting in road surface loss much faster than inland areas.
3. Vehicle overload and insufficient maintenance: Overloaded transportation and insufficient maintenance of vehicles by bus companies lead to frequent highway maintenance. In addition, narrow roads have been built in some areas, accelerating the aging of roads and increasing maintenance pressure.
To solve these problems, we need to take a series of countermeasures:
1. Establish scientific and reasonable standards: formulate pavement structure and engineering quality standards suitable for different environments, strengthen the supervision of the whole process, and ensure the quality of the project.
2. Customized maintenance measures: Customized maintenance measures are taken according to the climate and road conditions of the area where the road section is located.
3. Increase maintenance funding: increase maintenance funding, scientific maintenance, and maintain long-term stable operation of highways.
4. Crack down on overloading: install electronic on-board scales and set up monitoring equipment, increase the standard of overload fines, and reduce the cost of violations.
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5. Invest in new technology research and development: actively promote the research and development of new technologies for highway construction, establish an information-based highway maintenance and management system, and improve the management level. This can help identify problems and take action in time to maintain the long-term stability of the road.
Analysis of differences in highway construction between China and Japan
1. Differences in land area and topography: Japan is relatively small in land area, with high population density, high road density but low total mileage. In contrast, China's vast territory requires a large number of trunk roads to connect places, and the scale of the task far exceeds that of Japan.
2. Heavy transport differences: Japan is mainly light industry, and there is relatively little heavy transportation on the road. China's heavy industry is developing rapidly, the use of heavy trucks and construction machinery has increased, and the loss of highways is large.
3. Climate differences: Japan has a mild climate with four distinct seasons and less impact on roads. The vast area between the north and south of China and the large difference in climate require higher standards of road cold and heat resistance.
4. Road construction materials and design differences: Japan tends to use small bricks and asphalt materials, pay attention to the coordination with the surrounding environment, and reduce environmental damage. China mostly uses cement concrete, and there is a certain damage.
5. Differences in urbanization: Japan has better urban planning and less road excavation. China's rapid urbanization has made it difficult to build pipelines, requiring frequent excavation of highways.
6. Differences in highway management and maintenance: The Japanese government and people attach great importance to the maintenance of public facilities and provide sufficient financial support to ensure the long-term stable operation of highways.