#古籍里的历史#
Before Kazakhstan's independence, Mongolia was the world's largest landlocked country, and then gave up the first crown. Mongolia and Kazakhstan have a lot in common, let's talk about them separately.
【Large area】
Mongolia is a landlocked country with an area of about 1,566,500 square kilometers, ranking 18th in the world. Kazakhstan is also a landlocked country, with an area of about 2,724,900 square kilometers, ranking ninth in the world.
The top eight largest countries in the world are: Russia, Canada, China, the United States, Brazil, Australia, India, Argentina. These eight countries, all of them are famous, Argentina has a weaker economy, but they have Messi and a strong sense of presence. Kazakhstan can follow these eight major countries, of course, not to be underestimated.
Mongolia is proud of the Mongol Empire, the historical Mongol Empire, the area of at least 24 million square kilometers, if you count Siberia, the area is as high as 34.5 million square kilometers, is the largest land territory in history.
【Sparsely populated】
Kazakhstan has a population of only 19.833 million (2023) and Mongolia has a population of only 3.458 million (2023). Due to the small population, Kazakhstan has only a few large cities such as the former capital Almaty, and the current capital Astana, Karaganda, and Pavlodar.
Not to mention Mongolia, the size of the country is only the capital Ulaanbaatar (called Kulun in the Qing Dynasty), and the rest are mostly small cities, after all, Ulaanbaatar has a population of about 1.5 million people in one city.
【Relationship with the Qing Dynasty】
Mongolia was part of the Qing Dynasty, and in the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the country's power declined, and the Russian forces took the opportunity to enter Mongolia and push Mongolia to secede from China.
The eastern part of Kazakhstan also belonged to the Qing Dynasty, namely Lake Balkash and the area south of it. Also at the end of the Qing Dynasty, Tsarist Russia forcibly ceded the "outer northwest", and in 1864 the "Survey and Demarcation of the Northwest Boundary Treaty" ceded 440,000 square kilometers of land.
【Influenced by the Soviet Union】
Although Mongolia did not join the Soviet Union, it was extremely influenced by the Soviet Union. For example, Mongolia uses the Cyrillic alphabet as the use of the script, and the Soviet Union can garrison troops in Mongolia, and some people think that Mongolia is only the sixteenth member state of the Soviet Union without an official name.
Needless to say, Kazakhstan needless to say, when the Soviet Union built a space center, the site was located in the vast and sparsely populated Kazakhstan, called the Baikonur Space Center. This is the largest space center in the Soviet Union, which has launched spacecraft, communication satellites, space stations, various rockets, etc., not only gathered the top aerospace elites of the whole Soviet Union, but also sent more than 130 astronauts to the sky.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia leased the space center for $115 million a year until 2050.
【Passage between China and Russia】
Mongolia is located in the north-eastern part of Asia and has only two neighbors, bordering China to the east, south and west, and Russia to the north. Mongolia's border between China and Russia is an important strategic channel for ties between the two countries, and Mongolia advocates "balanced exchanges" with China and Russia.
Kazakhstan's land neighbors, in clockwise order: Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan. The latter three do not have a strong presence, and Kazakhstan is mainly influenced by Russia and China. The Eurasian Land Bridge departs from the mainland and enters Russia from Kazakhstan to Europe, and its strategic position is very important.
The mainland Xinjiang railway starts from Urumqi, passes through Shihezi City, and enters Kazakhstan at Alashankou on the Sino-Kazakh border. In Akdouka, east of Lake Balkash in Kazakhstan, the silk route is divided in two, with the northern route to Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan, and the southern route to Almaty, the old capital of Kazakhstan.
Trains from Almaty now run directly to Lianyungang in eastern China, and Kazakh products are sold not only in China, but also in South Korea and Japan. In terms of time, from Almaty to Lianyungang, it can be reached in five days.
【U.S. Intervention】
The United States believes that Mongolia, located between China and Russia, has great geographical value, and Mongolia also believes that the United States can be developed into "Mongolia's third neighbor." In 2012, Mongolia established a "global partnership" with NATO. In the same year, Mongolia joined the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, becoming its 57th member.
The penetration of Kazakhstan by the United States is far better than that of Mongolia. During the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, Kazakhstan opened its airspace to U.S. military aircraft.
In 2016, the US military established a biological laboratory in Almaty to carry out shady business. At the beginning of 2022, before the Russian-Ukrainian war, the United States engaged in color-color revolution in Kazakhstan, and as a result, Russia quickly sent troops, erased the color with Kazakhstan, put an end to the forces that the United States had painstakingly operated for many years, and also closed biological laboratories.
【Landlocked countries seeking development】
Landlocked countries do not have access to the sea, overseas trade is very inconvenient, and they need to have good relations with neighboring countries that have access to the sea. Kazakhstan has done a good job in this regard, with long sleeves and good dancing, and between China and Russia, it has become a land transportation center.
Mongolia is rich in minerals, in fact, as long as a few vertical and horizontal railways are built and become a land transportation hub, the per capita living conditions of these more than 3 million people will definitely not be much worse. Unfortunately, Mongolia does not seem to have such awareness, some people are dreaming of returning to the Mongol Empire, and some people still want to suppress the two neighboring countries through a third country.