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The Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union left a strong mark in the history books with its bloody and cruel history.
Millions of people died, millions were captured - the Soviets, having paid heavy losses, created an almost incredible miracle when they repelled the Germans.
Why "great"? All men are soldiers, and men and women are on the battlefield for greatness; "Dead knock" to the end, not afraid of well-equipped enemies is for greatness; All the allied countries share the same hatred and sing the same "motherland" for greatness.
So, what kind of magnificent historical hymn was the Great Patriotic War in the USSR?
(Soviet Great Patriotic War oil painting)
Blitzkrieg the USSR, a million people were captured
The prefix of the "great" Soviet Great Patriotic War is by no means easily added, but a singing and uplifting hymn written by countless Soviet soldiers and civilians.
In August 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany signed the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact, which stipulated that each other should ensure that the well water did not interfere with the river water.
Stalin also had high hopes for the Treaty, hoping that it would curb the eastward expansion of Hitler's front, and enable the Soviet Union to achieve neutrality and stay out of the European conflict.
However, the ambitions of the German army did not extend beyond the European theater.
After capturing a series of European countries, Hitler turned his strategic goals to the Soviet Union, drawing up the "Barbarossa Plan" to capture the Soviet Union.
In the plan, the Germans secretly concentrated a large number of forces on the Soviet-German border in an attempt to capture the Soviet Union within a few months.
(Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact)
On June 22, 1941, Germany unilaterally tore up the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact and launched a full-line attack on the Soviet Union.
A scuffle of ice and snow began.
The Soviet government wanted to expand the existing army, but the signing of the Treaty suspended the process of rearmament of the Soviet government.
By the time the war broke out, the existing armed forces of the Soviet Ministry of Defense were far from the established goals and needs of the war, and the combat quality of the soldiers was not as good as that of professional German soldiers.
In addition, the pre-war Soviet anti-war campaign severely damaged the leadership of the Soviet army, leaving the army without front-line commanders with actual combat experience.
Under the dual lack of quantity and quality, the Soviet army suffered heavy casualties and was in a disadvantageous position.
(Soviet troops suffered heavy losses)
"By July 10, the Western Front had lost 4,799 tanks, 9,477 artillery, 1,777 fighters and 341,000 soldiers";
"By December 1, 1941, the Soviet army had lost more than 7 million men."
All kinds of new Soviet-made fighters exploded under German artillery fire and did not even have time to take off.
The German army, with its strong war literacy, carried out the madness of "blitzkrieg", and millions of Soviet soldiers were captured as a result.
Under these circumstances, the Soviet government's first task was to expand its forces and call on men to join the war in order to strengthen the front.
"In military mobilization, 'Motherland' is a very provocative mobilization image that inspires men to go to war."
In the face of a German army whose military equipment was completely superior to their own, the Soviets showed extraordinary courage - despite heavy casualties, they went forward.
Singing and weeping heroic anthem are staged in almost every family - sons are killed, fathers carry guns into battle; His father was killed in battle, and his grandfather carried a gun to the battlefield; All the men in the family were killed, and the women also took up their guns and walked out of the house without hesitation.
(Heroic and unyielding Soviet soldier)
You know, the Soviets faced not only the sophisticated weapons of the Germans, but also a huge psychological test - the Germans developed a well-thought-out propaganda strategy.
In the battle of the heart, the Soviets walked tenaciously
In the place where the two armies were fighting, the German army carried out the work of "persuading" the Soviet army through broadcasts, leaflets and other propaganda tools with the goal of covering up the nature of aggression, undermining the morale of the Soviet army, and provoking the relationship between the Red Army soldiers and the Soviet regime.
Germany constantly preached that the war against the Soviet Union was only a liberation movement against the brutal rule of the Bolsheviks.
The Germans even fabricated rumors about the happy lives of the people in the captured areas under German control, which confused some Soviet soldiers and caused them to give up resistance and surrender.
At a time when morale was low and morale was weak, Soviet propagandists realized the importance of refuting German propaganda and restoring morale.
Making public photos of German soldiers abusing civilians is an effective means of exposing the ugly behavior of the enemy, but in order to cover up their evil deeds, the German army arrested journalists and destroyed cameras before committing violence, and there are very few real photos of civilian suffering.
(Soviet propaganda poster)
At one time, the Soviets were caught in a difficult situation - soldiers were captured, military morale was scattered ... There is nothing more at stake than this.
In order to keep the fire from extinguished, people from all walks of life in the Soviet Union ran for the war and called on everyone to do their part for the war.
In a photo titled "Avenge the suffering of the people! In the photo, the photographer portrays a weather-beaten mother.
The mother's left hand was placed on her chest, and her right fist was clenched and raised, symbolizing the mother's expectations and instructions for every soldier and child on the front line, and the photographer encouraged the battlefield soldiers to remember the mother's instructions to be "loyal defenders of the Soviets" before leaving.
The Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union became a congress battle in which everyone participated and everyone wanted to go to the front.
After the outbreak of war, frontline medical forces struggled to cope with the huge demand for assistance.
Therefore, it is urgent to call on women across the country to sign up for medical training and become a reserve force for frontline medical care.
In addition, at the beginning of the war, the conscription mobilization of the Soviet government recruited almost all men capable of fighting in the entire Soviet Union, leaving only the necessary male technicians and old people to remain in the rear.
(Soviet wartime propaganda poster)
As the fighting situation deteriorated, it was difficult for the existing forces to resist the German attack, and the addition of female soldiers was crucial.
Stalin issued a directive in the spring of 1942 to recruit women to supplement the fighting force, hoping that women would join the battlefield on the front line and fight the enemy together.
Driven by patriotism and a strong desire to fight alongside their husbands and brothers, they actively signed up and went straight to the battlefield.
Men and women on the battlefield, which has also become a spectacle in the history of world wars.
Zoya Kosmodmiyanskaya, a female partisan known for her purity, bravery and intelligence in the Great Patriotic War, was a representative of female partisans.
(Soviet female soldier)
In November 1941, Zoya was unfortunately captured while on a mission to destroy enemy residences.
Although the Germans tortured Zoya, she did not disclose any military secrets, and Zoya was eventually hanged by the Germans.
Before her execution, Zoya shouted to the enemy:
"We have 170 million people, you can't hang all of us, our comrades will avenge me!"
There were enough troops, but the Soviet Union faced another big problem - the near paralysis of industry and agriculture.
The German offensive severely damaged Soviet industrial and agricultural production, and the mobilization of conscription also led to a decline in the production labor force, and industrial and agricultural production was close to zero.
In this context, in order to ensure supplies on the front line, it is urgent to mobilize the population in the rear, especially women.
"A tractor in the field is like a tank on the battlefield", "More weapons for the front line!" ”...... Inspiring slogans agitated the masses in the rear.
Unchanging faith in the heart, the Great Patriotic War
After the German blitz on the Soviet Union, people of all strata of the Soviet Union were exerting their power.
("Mother Motherland is calling" statue)
The Soviets created the image of a mother of the motherland dressed in red, facing the audience, reaching out into the air with her left hand and holding the oath read by the warrior before heading to the battlefield in her right hand.
The bayonet behind her mother pierced the heavenly dome, symbolizing the strength and determination of the Soviet state.
By mid-July, "Motherland is Calling" had spread throughout the country, and the image of Motherland became a symbol of the Soviet Mother in wartime.
Thanks to the efforts of all strata of Soviet society, the Soviet Union finally survived the day when things turned around.
(Battle of Kursk)
On August 27, 1943, the victory of the Battle of Kursk marked the strategic situation in which the Soviet army moved from "defense" to "main attack".
Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviets immediately began the reconquest of German-occupied cities.
With the reversal of the war situation, the image of "motherland" gradually transcended the original national borders and became the "common mother" of the allied countries.
The transformation of the mother's image focuses on regaining lost territory and liberating fellow citizens.
In the end, the Soviet Union, with a steady stream of troops, successfully reversed the situation of the war, "stumbled" to the end, and won the final victory.
A magnificent epic war song, sung on the Soviet land.
Resources:
Defense of Stalingrad: We captured the kitchen, but the living room was still in the hands of the enemy!
Guangming Net. Discover the code of victory in the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union. 2021-06-17.
Guangming Net. The most tragic street battle in the history of world wars - the defense of Stalingrad. 2021-06-25.
Soviet works of the Great Patriotic War: "Courage to face the abyss without dizziness". 2015-05-19.
Guangming Daily. Soviet Great Patriotic War. 2010-05-17.