Is the air conditioner more power efficient with dehumidification mode? Are red-shelled eggs more nutritious? Can consumption of iodized salt prevent nuclear radiation? The August Science Myth List was released today (August 31) to answer these questions.
The monthly "Science" rumor list is guided by the Beijing Municipal Association for Science and Technology, the Cyberspace Administration of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee, and the Capital Internet Society, and jointly released by the Beijing Science and Technology Journalists and Editors Association and the Beijing Regional Website Joint Rumor Debunking Platform.
1. The "anti-cancer miracle drug" that can kill all solid tumors is here
Gossip:
Scientists have developed an oral small molecule targeted chemotherapy drug AOH1996. In preclinical studies, the drug was able to kill all solid tumors.
The truth:
It is too early to say that AOH1996 is an "anti-cancer miracle drug". The data on the drug's ability to inhibit a variety of solid tumors is limited to the cell experimental stage and has not yet entered clinical trials. Generally, 90% of research drugs will fail on the way to clinical trials.
Preclinical research conducts pharmacokinetic and drug safety and drug toxicology studies primarily through model and animal experiments. However, no matter how rigorous medical theories and drug treatment models are, they may not be achievable in reality. The ecological environment of the human body is very complex, effective for cells and animal models, does not mean effective for people, so it has passed preclinical research, can only be said to see the dawn, the real test is still in clinical trials.
In addition, even if pan-solid tumor anti-cancer drugs can theoretically kill all tumors, their efficacy varies greatly in different cancers.
2. After the completion of the Forbidden City, there will be no water accumulation for 600 years
Gossip:
The Forbidden City has not had standing water for more than 600 years, and modern drainage technology will only help and lead to stagnant water.
The truth:
In historical documents, it is often found that the entire area of the Forbidden City has roof leakage, wall collapse, and some records of stagnant water in the courtyard, such as the lunar month of the eleventh year of Guangxu, from Donghua Gate to Xihua Gate The area of stagnant water "varies from several feet", so the Forbidden City is not never watery.
The drainage system of the Forbidden City is a very complex system. Rainwater falls on the roof and leads from the roof to the foundation. The whole of the courtyard is high in the north and low in the south, and it is high in the middle and low on both sides, so the water will be exported to the open ditch through the middle of the courtyard, and then converge to the Jinshui River.
The Ming and Qing dynasties will open the ditch in March every year for dredging, and at present, the Forbidden City is dredged three times a year in spring, summer and autumn, and the number of dredging is not less, but occasionally there will still be water, which does not mean that modern technology dredging is not good, but now plastic bottles, plastic bags, etc. appear in the gutter, which block the drainage of the ditch. Only by continuously improving the overall sanitary environment can the overall drainage capacity of the Palace Museum be maintained and improved.
3. People who love to laugh don't get depression
Gossip:
People who love to laugh have a sunny personality and do not suffer from depression.
The truth:
Depression has clinical manifestations such as low mood, depression or depression, decreased or even absent interest, and loss of happiness, but there are also patients with external manifestations of "smile depression", that is, internal experience and external performance are not consistent, there are contradictions and conflicts.
Low self-esteem, low self-esteem is the basis of personality that may lead to depression, such patients are very concerned about the evaluation of others, obviously very painful in the heart, but pretend to be very happy on the surface, trying to maintain a relatively intact image. In addition, people suffering from depression often have a very strong sense of shame, so they will desperately hide and cover up. In this state, the energy will be in a state of extreme consumption.
However, relatives and friends who are close to the patient and often come and go can still detect some clues, such as from the previous lively and outgoing to silent, from the previous positive optimism to hesitation, and even feel that life is not interesting; Closing yourself in an environmental space for a long time and liking to be alone; When depression is severe, mobility will become sluggish, attention to things will decrease, and appetite will be lost; Some depressed patients will confide in relatives and friends before suicide, send a distress signal, etc. When the clues of depression are found, relatives and friends around them should intervene in time and accompany the patient to the hospital for psychological assessment and diagnosis.
4. The mineral water in the car is toxic after being exposed to the sun
Gossip:
In hot weather, the mineral water stored in the car will deteriorate, and the plastic of the bottle will decompose and precipitate harmful substances.
The truth:
The materials of qualified mineral water bottles on the market are made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate). PET is a high-temperature resistant material, and the temperature inside the car in summer will not cause it to precipitate harmful substances. As long as the bottle is intact and within the shelf life, the senses of the water have not changed, consumers can drink it with confidence.
The relevant evaluation results showed that the state, color, taste and smell of mineral water did not change when stored in an environment that simulated high temperature in summer for 14 days. No plasticizer phthalates and heavy metals were detected; Colored mineral water bottles also showed no pigment contamination.
In addition, opened and exposed mineral water does not breed bacteria. After drinking the water, the remaining mineral water was placed in a simulated environment, and the microbial content was tested immediately and 3 days later, and the results showed that the total number of colonies did not increase significantly after 3 days. This is because there are not many nutrients in the mineral water, so there are almost no colonies in the water. The water temperature is high after exposure to the sun, and the microorganisms in the mineral water are not easy to grow, so consumers do not have to worry.
5. The air conditioner is more energy-saving in dehumidification mode
Gossip:
The air conditioner turns on the dehumidification mode, which is more energy-saving than the general cooling mode.
The truth:
Whether the dehumidification mode is more energy-saving should be analyzed according to the temperature and humidity of indoor and outdoor air, and cannot be generalized.
Generally speaking, when the temperature is 20°C-30°C, the dehumidification mode saves electricity than the refrigeration mode; When the temperature is higher than 30 °C, the electricity consumption of dehumidification and refrigeration mode is similar, but due to the different setting conditions of the equipment working mode of different manufacturers, and the different changes in indoor temperature and humidity, some dehumidification mode temperature settings are slightly higher, but people feel uncomfortable.
That is to say, if the indoor temperature is high, turn on the refrigeration; The indoor temperature is not too high, but the humidity is high, you can turn on dehumidification. For example, in some areas, such as returning to the south, or rainy weather, or some coastal areas and other seasons with high indoor humidity, reducing the humidity of indoor air through the dehumidification mode can make people feel comfortable.
6. The predicted temperature on high temperature days is lower than the actual temperature
Gossip:
In summer, the temperature forecast is often lower than the actual temperature you feel, because you dare not predict the high temperature.
The truth:
This statement is not accurate. First of all, meteorological forecasting has assessment standards, and the difference between the predicted temperature and the actual temperature should be within the error standard, otherwise it will be recognized as a misstatement.
Secondly, the temperature standard has a set of International Meteorological Organization norms. The location of meteorological observation stations is required to be in a location that is not affected by the environment, and there should be no mountains, high-rise buildings, or water bodies in the surrounding area, so as to reflect the real local atmospheric environment as much as possible; The shutter box used for temperature measurement is required to be 1.5 meters high from the ground, and the underlying surface is grass, which is not affected by surface radiation; the thermometer in the shutter box is also measured under the condition of protection from light and ventilation, so that the measured temperature is the temperature under the unified standard of the world.
Therefore, the forecast temperature is equivalent to the temperature that people feel in a cool, ventilated environment, and the temperature that people feel in the outdoor sun is different, and if the underlying surface is asphalt road and cement floor, the temperature will be higher. You can use the temperature forecast as a reference, but the temperature observation must meet the global unified standards, which is the scientific observation method.
7. Consumption of iodized salt can prevent nuclear radiation
Gossip:
By eating iodized salt, the accumulation of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland can be prevented to protect the thyroid gland.
The truth:
The purpose of continental salt iodization is to prevent iodine deficiency diseases. Through salt iodization in environmental iodine-deficient areas, iodine nutrition supplementation can be carried out to the whole people safely, conveniently and for a long time, and the health of residents can be avoided from affecting the health of iodine deficiency diseases. According to the mainland's "National Food Safety Standard Iodine Content of Edible Salt", the iodine content in iodized salt is 20mg-30mg per kg.
In the nuclear pollution accident, when the human body ingests radioactive iodine, it mainly accumulates in the thyroid gland, and the initial protection of the thyroid gland requires a intake of "stable iodine" 100mg, which is equivalent to an intake of 3kg-5kg of iodized salt. The "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022)" clearly states that "adults consume no more than 5g of salt per day", if excessive intake, will cause a serious burden on various organs of the human body, will induce or aggravate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease, severe cases may cause dehydration, and even death. Therefore, it is not advisable to protect against nuclear radiation by consuming iodized salt.
8. Red-shelled eggs are more nutritious than regular eggs
Gossip:
Red-shelled eggs are born from free-range, free-range "native chickens", which are more nutritious than eggs from large-scale commercial chickens.
The truth:
The color of the eggshell is related to the breed of chicken, and has no correlation with nutritional value.
The color of the eggshell is mainly determined by the "protoxiao pigment" in the eggshell, and the more protoxiao pigment content, the darker the color of the eggshell. The content and synthesis ability of the original Xiaoxiao pigment are mainly determined by genetics, that is, the color of the eggshell depends on the type of hen, which is "innate" and has nothing to do with human factors.
The nutritional components of eggs mainly include protein, vitamins, fats and minerals, etc., and the nutritional differences of eggs of different colors are not large, so do not pay too much attention to their color. Whether it is a white-shelled egg or a red-shelled egg, freshness and safety are the most important.
9. The whiter the teeth, the better
Gossip:
Healthy teeth should be pure white, so the whiter the teeth, the better.
The truth:
In fact, most of the "yellow teeth" that many people dislike are the color of normal teeth. The color of normal teeth is not pure white, but milky white or yellowish and has a lustrous color. This is because the color of the tooth is determined by the degree of mineralization of the enamel on the surface of the tooth and the color of the dentin inside the tooth. If the mineralization of the tooth enamel is low, the transparency is poor, and the yellow color of the internal dentin cannot be penetrated, then the teeth will look white; The higher the degree of mineralization of tooth enamel, the more transparent the enamel will be, the easier the color of the internal dentin will see, and the teeth will look yellow.
When the teeth appear dull brownish yellow or gray-black, affecting the beauty and even function, you should go to a professional medical institution in time. However, it is not recommended to pursue teeth whitening excessively. Treatments such as tooth bleaching, veneer restoration, and full crown restoration all have their own shortcomings and limitations. If it is not due to the discoloration of the teeth caused by the disease of the teeth themselves, so that the function is affected, it is only necessary to brush your teeth carefully, clean your teeth regularly, and maintain oral hygiene.
Beijing News reporter Zhang Lu
Edited by Tang Zheng Proofread by Zhao Lin