September sky, wind is cool after autumn, rain is cool after autumn, into autumn, the weather becomes cooler, day and night temperature difference is large, is the high incidence of intestinal infectious diseases and insect-borne infectious diseases, September and the opening of schools, kindergarten institutions, strong crowd mobility, to the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases to create favorable conditions, the risk of school cluster epidemics increases. The CDC reminds citizens to do a good job in prevention in daily life, study and work; Schools and parents should be vigilant, pay attention to infectious diseases such as hand, foot and mouth disease, tuberculosis, and chickenpox, report and seek medical treatment in a timely manner when they are discovered, avoid the expansion of the epidemic, and protect students' health.
Novel coronavirus infection
Novel coronavirus infection is a respiratory infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus, and the population is generally susceptible. The main routes of transmission are respiratory droplets and close contact, aerosol transmission in a relatively closed environment, and contact with items contaminated with the virus may also cause infection. The most common clinical manifestations are fever, dry cough, and fatigue.
Health Tips
1. Adhere to good hygiene habits, wear masks scientifically, wash hands frequently, cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, regularly open windows and ventilation at home and workplace, and do a good job in daily hygiene in the room.
2. Promote a healthy lifestyle. Eat healthily, work and rest regularly, get enough sleep, exercise and exercise moderately according to your condition, and maintain a good attitude.
3. Eligible people who are not vaccinated, not fully vaccinated and not booster vaccinated are requested to complete vaccination as soon as possible, especially the elderly over 60 years old.
4. Do a good job of daily health monitoring. If symptoms such as sore throat, fever, and fatigue occur, corresponding protective and therapeutic measures can be taken according to the severity of your symptoms, and seek medical attention in time if necessary. At the same time, reduce outdoor activities, do not bring illness to work and school.
pulmonary tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which can affect various organs throughout the human body, with tuberculosis infection in the lungs being the most common. The clinical features are long incubation period, mostly chronic process, with systemic symptoms such as low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, loss of appetite, and respiratory manifestations such as cough, bloodshot sputum, hemoptysis, chest pain, etc. Infection with tuberculosis in healthy people does not necessarily occur, only when the body's immunity is weakened. It is mainly transmitted to others through droplets that erupt when a person coughs, sneezes, or speaks loudly.
Health Tips
1. Control the source of infection. Tuberculosis patients and suspicious symptoms should be detected and treated as soon as possible, and family members and close contacts of tuberculosis patients should undergo relevant monitoring and examination.
2. Cut off the transmission route. Rooms should be frequently opened and ventilated, especially in crowded places, such as classrooms, dormitories, etc. Wear a mask when going to hospitals or places where infectious diseases can spread. Patients with tuberculosis treated at home need to take appropriate disinfection and isolation measures, patients should preferably live in a single room, tableware is often boiled with water, clothes and bedding can be exposed to the sun. Regularly disinfect the air in the room with ultraviolet light.
3. Protect susceptible people. Vaccination is the most economical and effective means of preventing and controlling infectious diseases, and it is also an important measure to protect children's health. Vaccination with BCG can make the body develop immunity and prevent tuberculosis bacteria from multiplying and spreading in the body, which is the best and effective way to prevent tuberculosis.
4. Regular physical examination. If symptoms such as low-grade fever, night sweats, dry cough, blood in sputum, fatigue, and reduced diet are found, they should be examined in the hospital in time to achieve early detection, early isolation, and early treatment. For tuberculosis patients, standardized, reasonable and full anti-tuberculosis drug treatment should be adhered to.
5. It is necessary to develop good living habits, achieve a balanced diet, combine work and rest, ensure enough sleep, maintain a pleasant mood, exercise appropriately, and enhance resistance.
6. All schools and childcare institutions should strictly implement the morning and noon inspection system and the follow-up system for absenteeism due to illness, and at the same time do a good job in screening students for tuberculosis. For tuberculosis patients found and diagnosed in schools, they should promptly report to the local disease prevention and control agency and the higher education administrative department, and actively cooperate with health medical institutions to do a good job in screening close contacts to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
Hand, foot and mouth disease
According to the analysis data of the epidemic over the years, hand, foot and mouth disease will rebound slightly in September and October. Hand, foot and mouth disease is caused by enterovirus (common enteroviruses are EV71 type and CoxA16 type) with fever and rash or herpes in the hands, feet, mouth and other parts as the main symptom of infectious diseases, mainly infants, mainly transmitted by fecal-oral and respiratory droplets, and can also be infected by contact with the patient's skin and mucous membrane herpes fluid. It is highly contagious and prone to cluster cases or epidemics in childcare institutions, schools and other populations.
Health Tips
1. Wash your hands frequently, after going out, before eating, after using the toilet, before touching children, changing diapers or handling items contaminated with feces.
2. Keep a clean home environment hygienic, open windows regularly every day for ventilation to keep indoor air fresh; Frequent changing, frequent washing, frequent drying of clothes and bedding; Clean and disinfect regularly, and clean items that children frequently touch, such as tableware, toys, etc.
3. Try not to take children to public places with crowds and poor air circulation, and avoid contact with sick children.
4. EV71 virus is the main pathogen causing severe disease and death of hand, foot and mouth disease in infants and young children. Vaccination with the EV71 vaccine can prevent HFMD caused by EV71 infection, and early vaccination is recommended for children aged 6 months to 5 years.
5. All kindergarten institutions and schools should strictly implement measures such as morning and noon inspection, registration of absenteeism due to illness, epidemic reports, ventilation and disinfection, early detection, early isolation of sick children, and daily disinfection (disinfection of toys, tableware, toilets, etc.).
Infectious diarrhea
Autumn is the season of high incidence of viral diarrhea, viral diarrhea is an acute gastrointestinal disease with diarrhea as the main symptom caused by norovirus, rotavirus and other viral infections, mainly transmitted through person-to-person contact, transmitted through food and water, acute onset, strong transmission, fast transmission, wide range, easy to cause cluster epidemics in schools, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes, restaurants and other relatively closed places.
Health Tips
1. Develop good hygiene and living habits, wash hands before eating, after using the toilet, before processing and making food, and regularly disinfect tableware.
2. Pay attention to dietary hygiene, raw vegetables, melons and fruits must be washed, food should be cooked thoroughly, leftovers should be heated and eaten, when eating out, be sure to choose a regular, hygienic restaurant or restaurant.
3. Do a good job in environmental sanitation, regularly clean indoor and outdoor floors, doors and windows and desktops; Keep toilets clean and hygienic; Strengthen ventilation to maintain indoor air circulation; Domestic garbage should be stored centrally and covered, and household garbage should be cleaned up regularly.
4. When abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal symptoms occur, go to the intestinal outpatient clinic of the nearest medical institution in time to avoid delaying the condition.
chickenpox
Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. The disease is mainly characterized by generalized papules, blisters, and crusts, which are more common on the head, face, chest, proximal limbs and other parts, and may be accompanied by headache, sore throat and other symptoms. The disease is highly contagious and is mainly transmitted through droplets and daily contact with patients, who are the only source of infection.
Health Tips
1. Keep the environment clean and airy. In schools and childcare institutions, the ventilation and ventilation of classrooms should be strengthened, and ultraviolet radiation, 84 disinfectant wiping and other methods can also be used for disinfection.
2. Chickenpox patients should be strictly isolated during the rash period until the rash is all scabbed (about 21 days from the onset) to prevent chickenpox patients from infecting susceptible people.
3. Vaccination against chickenpox is the most scientific, economical and effective way to prevent chickenpox. Children over 12 months of age are the main susceptible group, and children, adolescents and high-risk groups are recommended to be vaccinated against chickenpox as soon as possible.
4. Pay attention to personal hygiene, cut nails frequently, wash hands frequently, especially students suffering from chickenpox, to prevent infection caused by scratching herpes. Wash your hands after sneezing, coughing, and cleaning your nose.
5. Schools and childcare institutions should implement the morning and noon inspection system, do a good job in tracking the causes of students absent from school due to illness, promptly report suspected cases and notify the parents of children to go to regular hospitals for treatment, and promptly take measures to suspend classes when an outbreak occurs.
Je
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus and transmitted by mosquito bites. The population is generally susceptible, mostly in children under 10 years of age. Clinical manifestations include hyperthermia (body temperature is usually above 39°C and persistent), headache, nausea and vomiting, convulsions, convulsions, and nuchal rigidity and other meningeal irritation. The disease mostly occurs in summer and autumn, which is related to the increase in the density of mosquitoes in summer and autumn when the temperature and humidity are suitable for mosquito breeding, and the density of Japanese encephalitis transmission mosquitoes.
Health Tips
1. Do a good job in environmental sanitation of households and livestock (poultry) houses, eliminate mosquito breeding areas, such as regularly cleaning sewers and drains, filling all kinds of potholes, stagnant ponds, cleaning all kinds of basins, tanks, altars, bottles and other containers where mosquitoes are easy to breed.
2. Do a good job of mosquito prevention, mosquito control, families should install screen doors and windows, sleep at night to prevent mosquito bites can hang mosquito nets or light mosquito coils.
3. When going out, you should avoid the dark and hidden environment preferred by mosquitoes, wear light-colored long-sleeved clothes and pants, and also apply mosquito repellent on exposed areas to prevent mosquito bites. Try to avoid sleeping in the wild.
4. Japanese encephalitis vaccine is the main measure for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis, and the current Japanese encephalitis vaccine used at home and abroad has two kinds of inactivated vaccine and live attenuated vaccine, which can be used for children and adults over 8 months of age.
5. Once there are suspicious JE symptoms such as fever, headache, vomiting, convulsions, drowsiness, etc., you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to avoid delaying the condition.
Source: Tongguan Disease Control