In 1777, Alexander I Pavlovich was born, the fourteenth tsar of the Russian Romanov dynasty, who defeated the mighty Napoleon and revived the European royal family, and was called the "savior" by the whole of Europe.
However, Alexander I's road to success was not so glorious, he killed his father and sister, this act is also called "two-faced god" in Europe, and it can be said that his life has both glory and stain.
Today, let's talk about the story of Alexander I.
Paul I, who died suddenly
In March 1801, Alexander infiltrated his father's palace one night, and the next morning came the news of Tsar Paul I's violent death, and Alexander announced that he had died of illness and immediately succeeded to the throne of Tsar for Alexander I.
Man's character is not only related to himself, but also to the external living environment, and Alexander also had some of his father's responsibilities.
His grandmother, Ekaterinla, was the first female emperor in Russian history and made great contributions to the development of Tsarist Russia, but the 23 lovers he experienced in his life also gave him mixed reputations, and there were rumors that he killed his husband and snatched the imperial throne with his lover.
Paul I, the son of Catherine, was irritable every day under his mother's ears, and the relationship between the two was not good, and Alexander lived in such an environment.
Alexander met between his father and grandmother, calmed his father's inner irritability, and wrote letters to his grandmother to express his longing, which really worked wonders.
Catherine had intended to pass the throne to her grandson before her death, but this idea did not materialize, and Paul I learned of the news in advance, and immediately after her mother's death, she came to her dormitory to destroy the divine decree.
Perhaps because of this, after Paul I succeeded to the throne, he was very jealous of his son, and his son who suppressed and suppressed the general sense everywhere would usurp power and seize the throne. This guess is not wrong, but the general trend has formed and cannot be changed.
Paul I was hot-tempered and fearful of his ministers, while Alexander I was extremely powerful, wooing courtiers and people with great prestige, even if the tsar wanted to abolish the prince, the resistance was indescribable.
Paul I's suppression of his courtiers gave Alexander I political support, and his father's insults and humiliations against his son led to a secret hatred between father and son, and a military coup d'état took place inside the imperial palace in Tsarist Russia in 1801.
The next day the news came that the dynasty had changed, Paul I died of a stroke, Alexander naturally ascended the throne as emperor, began his own era and glory, and one thing that passed down to future generations was to defeat Napoleon's empire.
The Anti-French League dealt a heavy blow to Napoleon
In 1812, Napoleon led an army of 600,000 to conquer Tsarist Russia, and once fought in Moscow, but here it was defeated and defeated, the glory of Napoleon's empire was gone, and Napoleon himself was exiled.
Looking back at the relationship between Tsarist Russia and France, it is difficult to describe in words, sometimes friends, sometimes enemies.
The European royal family in the Middle Ages was very chaotic, the younger brother fell in love with his sister, the sister fell in love with his brother and other green arrows were not shown, and Alexander also had a love sister plot.
As mentioned above, Alexander had been living between his grandmother and his father when he was a child, and he could not enjoy his father's love, and at this time Princess Catherine appeared, often comforting him in grief.
Over time, this relationship gradually changed, from a sibling relationship to another kind of unspeakable ambiguity, and the words appeared in Alexander's letter to Princess Catherine:
"I love you like a madman", "You are one of the most perfect stunners in the world"
Even after getting married, he still did not put aside his love for his sister. At the height of the Napoleonic Empire, Alexander was asked for a marriage to strengthen the alliance, and the marriage was with Princess Catherine.
But Alexander did not agree, turned around and married his sister to a duke in Moscow, of course, the marriage did not last long, and the sister still maintained an unclear relationship with her brother after the divorce, which became a "secret" known to the entire European royal family.
This refusal made Napoleon angry in his heart, realizing that France's alliance with Tsarist Russia was unstable, and also laid the groundwork for the subsequent conquest of Tsarist Russia. Of course, there was another direct reason for Napoleon's conquest of Tsarist Russia, that is, political games and interests.
At the same time, the relationship between France and Tsarist Russia underwent many changes, and Catherine always adhered to the principle of "uniting the weak to resist the strong", that is, she was a member of the anti-French alliance.
Paul I's accession to the throne changed his mother's established strategy and became close to the French royal family, which is one of the reasons why he was not supported by imperial ministers and European countries, and his career as emperor was short and unsuccessful.
After Alexander ascended the throne, he continued to use his grandmother's strategy and joined the anti-French coalition against Napoleon, but the third anti-French coalition was quickly defeated by Napoleon, and Tsarist Russia lost a large part of its territory.
This did not discourage Alexander, and then organized the fourth and fifth anti-French coalitions, in which there were still fewer victories and more defeats, but Napoleon also had no way to take Alexander, and had to sign an armistice and alliance agreement.
During the war with England, Napoleon offered many advantages in order to win over Alexander's consciousness, and Tsarist Russia took the benefits but did not fulfill its obligations.
Ostensibly agreeing to sever relations with Britain, but continuing to maintain overseas trade with it behind the scenes, France's war against Britain was delayed in achieving final victory.
If you don't know, you can't do anything about it! This matter was known to Napoleon, who refused to make peace and then broke the covenant, and in 1812 Napoleon stopped the war with Britain and gathered an army of 600,000 to conquer Alexander.
This battle was a turning point in the decline of Napoleon's empire, and it should have been the Golden Iron Horse and the Shroud of Mag, but such a scene did not appear. Alexander continued to withdraw his troops to Moscow, the French army advanced for a long time, and the two sides fought a final decisive battle in Moscow.
It is also necessary to mention that Alexander took with him all the supplies he could eat and use along the way when he withdrew his troops, and the French army did not occupy a single city and was just an empty city, just at this time winter quietly came.
Winters in France are also cold, but nowhere near as good as in Moscow, where temperatures can reach minus 40 degrees at their lowest. An army of 600,000 could eat a mountain a day, but Napoleon did not receive any supplies along the way, and the war could not be won in the short term.
The French army could only choose to retreat, taking advantage of this opportunity Alexander began to counterattack, not surprisingly, almost none of the 600,000 elite of the French Empire remained, and Napoleon was ousted from the throne by Alexander, who reached the peak of his political career and was hailed as the "savior" by Europe.
The "two-faced god" that suddenly disappeared
Glory was followed by decline, and the battle with Napoleon brought Alexander I to its peak, but after that it began to decline. In the later years of his reign, he was obsessed with playing with court ladies and concentrating on the study of mysticism, and began to slack off in political affairs and even ignore it.
In 1825, there was a coup d'état in the Russian royal family, just as Paul I was killed, after which Alexander I "died suddenly". However, his death is still an open case for the following two reasons.
Alexander had received the news before the coup, but did not take any measures, but left safe St. Petersburg to recuperate, and was suddenly pronounced "dead" soon after, without warning.
Did Alexander I really die? Fast forward to 1835 someone saw a noble man in the Ural Mountains named Fyodor Kuzmich.
This man's life was very simple and shabby, but he knew many secrets of the Tsarist royal family, and often received various items from the royal family, which aroused the suspicion of his identity among the locals.
When Fedor Kuzmich died in 1864, a doctor who treated Alexander said after the old man's death that "the Tsar is really dead now."
Moreover, he never attended Alexander I's official prayer day, but only prayed for his wife on the day of Fedor Kuzmić's death, which inevitably made people wonder.
All in all, Alexander's death is full of uncertainty, just like the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunjiang, no one knows whether he is dead or alive.
What do you think differently about Alexander I?