In China's history, neighbors have had an unexpected say in real estate negotiations. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Republic of China, the status of real estate developers in neighboring countries has undergone three major changes, but its influence has never faded.
During the Western Han Dynasty, neighbors had the right to speak for the first time
Western Han Dynasty, 186 BC. Noun no, Chang'an. The merchant stood in the courtyard of his apartment, half sunlight shining on his face and half obscured by arches. His expression was vague and uncertain, and the servants around him held their breath. For a moment, only the sound of the wind was heard.
After all, it was still a step late. Among the nine cities of Chang'an City, his possessions were huge, but as an extremely successful merchant, he made a rare mistake this time.
He wanted to buy a house. It is a new building, the area has not changed much, well decorated but good location. The east side is closer to Fang's, and it is convenient to negotiate business in Luoyang. In the beginning, everything was arranged, only hesitated for a while, but now everything is no longer possible.
This year was the second year of Hankel's reign, and the Western Han dynasty gradually returned to power under the leadership of the Later Lü government. Thanks to the good economic environment created by this woman, she has single-handedly built the current business empire with her extraordinary skills; Now he has also "earned" with this woman, and the dream of buying a house has suddenly been shattered.
In the second year of Biden, the "Two-Year Decree" of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty. Among them, the Housing Law stipulates that buying a house must be close to the existing house ("If you want to buy a house for profit, don't compare it with other houses, don't omit it"), meaning: but only people can buy a neighbor's house. Therefore, the property can only be sold to neighbors. Of course he wanted to turn the house into a better place, but suddenly he could only buy a neighbor's house.
(The picture shows a replica of the two-year-old method)
However, the power of neighbors goes far beyond that. During the Western Han Dynasty, the registration of population and housing was carried out in a "hand-in-hand" way, that is, calculating the household size and residential area to determine the owner. In order to prevent people from cheating, the Western Han government created a "whistleblowing" system to encourage neighbors to report and expose such trivial matters. If done correctly, the owner of the false report will have his property confiscated and thrown into jail. And neighbors who report well can get half of the confiscated property.
Since the Western Han Dynasty, good-neighborly relations have officially entered the history of real estate and have a long say in ancient Chinese real estate transactions. From the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Republic of China, the status of neighborhoods in real estate transactions has undergone three major changes, but the influence of real estate transactions has never disappeared.
A neighbor in the heyday of the Tang and Song dynasties
It has been almost nine hundred years since the Tang Dynasty ruled for two years, and in the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Tang government announced a new rule. The neighbor's stance in real estate transactions so far was the reason for the second exchange. At that time, the ancient government had fewer restrictions on the sale of real estate, but according to the records in the eighty-five volumes of the Tang Hui, when buying and selling real estate, one had to ask the relatives and friends of the neighbor if they were willing to sell. Only by giving up your rights can you trade with others. ("Entire continents of the world fled, along with the fields and houses that the neighbors' relatives bought first.") ”）
(The history book "Tang Huiyi" describes the development of various laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty)
The Song Dynasty added stricter requirements than the laws and regulations of the Tang Dynasty. On the one hand, neighbors make priority discussion orders for requests for land and buildings; The Song Dynasty required "reconciliation" before selling a house, which meant that the owner of the house had to state the reason for the sale and the estimated price, and required all relatives and friends of the neighbors to comply. Buy, how much money is willing to pay, whether you agree to sell the house, why not agree - if they do not agree to sell the house with all their family and Yao, then it is clearly his. After contracting, whether it is possible to negotiate with other suppliers. At present, the role of neighbors in old house transactions has reached its peak, which has lasted for more than a thousand years since the Tang and Song dynasties.
During the Republican period, neighbors lost their right to speak
During the Republican period, with the collapse of the feudal dynasty, there was no legal provision for the sale of houses related to neighbors' relatives. The regulation of neighborhood sales officially disappeared from the real estate system, but some families continued to do so until New China faded out of history.
(The land deed of the Republic of China no longer requires the signature of relatives)
Neighbors have a historic role
From the Western Han Dynasty in 186 BC to the Republic of China in 1912, it played an important role in the antique house trade, influencing nearly 2,100 years of Chinese history. Why did the ancients set up a construction trade system to push the neighborhood to such a large place?
In the past, anyone who violated the real estate transaction system would be considered a "fugitive." The concept of "running away from home" can be traced back to the strict household registration system in ancient China. In ancient times, the population was strictly confined to the place where the hukou was located, and was not allowed to go out. Anyone who fles their country of origin without permission from the government is called a "runaway" and "runaway" does not have a hukou!
What does this mean? You will not get the land inhabited by the ancients, and you will be hunted by everyone like a robber; Without a house, you can't live in a store, and no matter how talented you are, you can't enter the imperial examination career; A person who does not have a house registration is called a "pariah" and is considered the property of a large family that can be traded, sold, and generally cannot be returned.
The crime of violating the housing traffic system is very serious and is inextricably linked to the preservation of the old hukou. In the past, there was no electronic household registration system, no national network, and no identity cards. The only thing that can be officially registered is your address, the registration of you and your family. The household registration management shall be carried out by district. When you leave the zone management station, the zone management function is disabled; People often travel or and have not yet automated state support. As a result, ancient rulers had to effectively control immigration through a complex trade system.
Why manage the population? Isn't it right to remove restrictions and set people free? Or. In the past, the most direct and effective way for government and society to compete for wealth was through taxation and conscription. Although the statistical methods of ancient governments have been developed for thousands of years, they still rely heavily on "head counting". Hukou directly affects national taxation, military service and employment, and will also have a direct impact on sustainable development.
Therefore, there must be a complex and strict business system, and the neighbor plays a big role in it because the neighbor is very aware of the position of the boss; Secondly, the neighbor is closest physically to his teacher.
However, this strict system also has its beautiful meaning. According to incomplete research, immigration restrictions have brought China's neighbors closer and closer neighborly relations. Sayings such as "Sai Jinbao" and "a million to buy a house, ten million to buy a neighbor" suggest that Chinese hospitality and warmth may have evolved from this.