Pick up the God of Wealth
On the evening of the thirtieth day of the lunar month, after dinner, there were many children on the street who delivered the god of wealth door to door. Everyone is happy, although they spend more money than they buy in the store, but they are also happy.
Wealth
Who is the God of Wealth? This is different across the country. There are probably no less than ten gods of wealth in various kinds of gods of wealth in the country, but as far as old Beijing is concerned, there are two, one is provided by ordinary residents' homes, and the other is provided by merchants.
In the homes of ordinary people, whether you are an official, a soldier, or an ordinary person, the offerings are Zhao Lang and Zhao Gongming. He was the Marshal of the Zhengyi Xuantan Seal of the Jade Emperor. Because he is in charge of four little gods, these four little gods are in charge of all the money in the world. Therefore, the citizens of old Beijing, whether they are Han chinese or Manchu flag people, are all offerings to this god of wealth.
Zhao Gongming, the god of martial wealth
Guan Yunchang also became the god of wealth
Guan Yu and Guan Yunchang are the gods of wealth offered by merchants. Now let's go to some private shops, including restaurants, and still serve Guan Yu. In fact, I think that now their offerings to Guan Yu are different from the original concept. The old Beijing merchants offer Guan Yu, because Guan Yu is loyal and righteous, that is, the word righteousness comes first, by no means to see profit and forget righteousness, but the most righteous. Merchants often see profit and forget righteousness, and pursue the maximization of interests. A hundred years ago, Beijing shops showed customers that they were not black-hearted people who saw profit and forgot their righteousness. They are honest and trustworthy, making customers repeat customers. But now, I'm afraid that the purpose of offering Guan Yu is to get rich. It looks like it is all for Guan Yu, but what the merchant thinks from the heart is completely different from before. Therefore, there are a number of old brands in old Beijing, centuries-old stores; whether it is catering or business, these that are now opened will go out of business in many days, and he is not loyal to righteousness, but he is ignorant of righteousness.
Reunion dumplings
After receiving the god of wealth, if it is a Han Chinese, it will start to make reunion dumplings at ten o'clock. Dumplings are the intersection of the children - the intersection of the children. The Manchu banner people are not called dumplings, they are called boiled dumplings. They often make dumplings after receiving the gods. And noodles and noodles, chopped stuffing. You can't use the knife by the first day of the first year, but it's okay for thirty nights. Once the filling is rolled out, it is ready to wrap.
If you wrap dumplings, old Beijing has rules, I found three kinds of dumplings on the Internet and posted them to our group, everyone take a look.
The first kind of dumpling is the traditional wrapping method of the old Beijingers - this one from right to left, one pleat after another, pinched beautifully, and there is no feeling of big thick skin when eating.
Usually dumplings are not too exquisite, the flag people's family requirements are slightly stricter, and the Han people are relatively not particularly concerned, especially if they are in a hurry, there is an emergency in the family, which is the second kind. The second kind is also called pinching dumplings, also called a pinch, this fast, one next, but in the thirtieth night to wrap this reunion dumplings, then you have to strictly follow the first kind of wrapping method, the second kind is not successful.
The third kind of "broken beam dumplings"
What is the third one? Four or five years ago, before the Spring Festival, I watched Beijing TV introduce dumplings wrapped on the 30th night of the Spring Festival, saying: "Pinch the middle first, then pinch the left hand to the middle, and pinch the right hand to the middle." When I heard it, what is this dumpling called? This dumpling is called a broken beam dumpling. Old Beijing inner city, this is a big mistake. If the daughter-in-law who has just passed through the door will wrap up this dumpling in the thirtieth night, there is a good chance that she will be suspended by her in-laws.
Broken beam dumplings, the first is the top beam column, you have to break the top beam column. The top pillar is the head of the family, which is the support of the family. The second is that "liang" is the harmonic sound of the "grain" of grain, and you must not only cut off the head of the family, but you also have to cut off the grain and eat. So what are you waiting for if you don't give Hugh? Broken beam dumplings are a big taboo.
How to place the dumplings after wrapping, old Beijing also has a special. I posted photos of both placements to the group.
More than a hundred years ago, there was no metal drawer or plate for dumplings, and generally this kind of curtain was used, that is, a round curtain made of sorghum straw or straw. The dumplings on the round lid curtain must be circled, and there must be a facing direction, not a head code, a pair of heads is a "dead pair".
Nor can it be like this second kind, which follows a single batch and does its own thing. In fact, how you put it and eat into the stomach has nothing to do with whether it is good or bad, but the old Beijingers are more exquisite and talk about the head, and this is exquisite and the head is still conventional, and everyone recognizes it. In fact, it has a beautiful meaning, but also hopes for family harmony, stability and unity.
Wrong placement.
The right placement.
This is dumplings, dumplings, often wrapped dumplings, before it is time to eat, basically it is time.
In fact, the "child time" is a time period from 11 pm to 1 pm, but at 12 o'clock, this is the "intersection of the child time", and at 12 o'clock is the connection to God.
Meeting the gods at 12 o'clock at night has been in the Chinese tradition for nearly two thousand years. On the evening of the thirtieth day of the lunar month, the Jade Emperor sent the gods to the netherworld, and each family should guide the way to the gods by setting off firecrackers. As for the expulsion of "Nian" and the expulsion of "Xi" has nothing to do with receiving the gods, it has something to do with the firing of cannons on the thirtieth night.
Chinese New Year's Eve Er, the stove king has been invited to the house, the god of wealth has also invited to the house, how can there be a god? According to my research and analysis, at 12 o'clock at night, the gods are similar to the opening light of Buddhism or Taoism. The Stove King and the God of Wealth you bought, it is a piece of paper, it is a shell, there is no spirituality, unless you get 12 o'clock at night, the Jade Emperor sent the gods to the netherworld (as well as the land lord, the dragon king, the city god of the city god temple, the mountain god of the mountain temple, etc.), so that this paper is no longer a printed material, it is a god. Just like the Buddhist carved Shakyamuni and Avalokiteshvara, if there is no enlightenment, it is a craft, but if the monks and masters are asked to go through various necessary procedures, such as chanting the sutras and Taoist mantras, then it has spirituality. Those who believe in Buddhism bow down to worship the spirit. What hope, what sustenance, and he said it, made a wish, and then fulfilled the wish.
After receiving the gods, each family began to cook and eat dumplings.
The first pot of boiled dumplings must be served in front of the ancestral tablet. First give the ancestors to eat, and then the family from the elders to the juniors. If you usually eat dumplings, who is hungry who eats first, who has an emergency who eats first, thirty nights are not done, there is a strict procedure.
Because when it is wrapped, it is possible to wrap a large copper in it, and whoever eats it is blessed. This is also thirty nights, each family basically has a game-like, a beautiful sustenance, a good wish.
Worship ancestors, worship parents
After eating, they should bow to the ancestral tablets and bow to the elders in the family.
This is a photo of the Han people at home thirty nights offerings and kneeling to their ancestors.
If you look closely at this photo, you can see that there are five honey offerings on the offering table. It can be seen from the little feet of the old lady that 100% of them are Han Chinese, and they also offer a class of honey offerings. The family was relatively generous, and the child was kneeling down to kowtow to the ancestral tablet.
Han Chinese and Qi people have a difference in the time of the ancestors' kneeling. The flag people are on the morning of the first day of the first lunar month, and the Han people are at two or three o'clock in the night, basically after eating the reunion dumplings, they have to kneel to worship their ancestors.
The way the Han and Manchus bow their heads is also different. The Han people prostrate their heads to their ancestors, their grandparents, and their parents.
The flag people are more exquisite, and after they enter the customs from the northeast, they also bring the customs and habits of the northeast with them. He bowed three times and prostrated his ancestors three times, that is, he knelt there and prostrated his head and stood up, then he knelt there and prostrated his head again, and he knelt there and prostrated his head again, and he bowed his head three times and prostrated his head again. For grandparents, it is two prayers and six prostrations, and for the father and mother, it is one prayer and three kowtows. Sometimes, like the thirtieth day of the Spring Festival and the first morning of the first year, it may be a prayer and four prostrations, and four prostrations. This is the difference between the flag and the Han Chinese New Year worship.
After kneeling, the elderly should press the elders to the children and grandchildren, and the younger generations should give the elders the age. What is age-keeping? It is to increase the happiness and longevity of the elderly. Old Beijing said, "Stay up for one night in thirty nights." Why stay overnight? That's the way it is. The etiquette of old Beijing on the thirtieth night is basically introduced to everyone, and it is time to say the first day of the first year.
"Twist and turn"
This "twist and turn" is actually to be active. Male comrades want to visit temple fairs and visit relatives and friends. Visiting the temple fair includes eating some snacks and things that you usually can't eat. Buy a lot of things, children play, adults entertain; watch a lot of things, juggling and so on. A hundred years ago, there were all temple fairs, and it was quite lively.
In the old days, the New Year's Day was celebrated.
In addition to going to the temple fair, the male comrades are going to visit relatives and friends on the first day of junior high school.
Visiting relatives and friends also has a slip of the tongue, saying" New Year's Day to visit the New Year, you new jubilee, you are more polite, one hand white face does not hold you, go home to your parents to say hello."
This is a slip of the tongue that has been passed down for more than a hundred years. I have also studied this folk song, who said it to whom and why it was said. I think this ballad was said by the sister-in-law to the little uncle.
First of all, "one hand white noodles do not pick you up", this should be the daughter-in-law cooking, but she does not pick up, which means that the other party gives her a big gift, which is definitely younger than her age. The first string of doors at the beginning of the New Year is definitely a man, that is, a little uncle.
A Manchu man performs a thousand salutes to his elders. I analyzed the song that the little uncle came to give the sister-in-law a salute. Even if the sister-in-law did not have white noodles in her hands, for the little uncle, she could not go over and pick him up. But as soon as you say "one hand white face does not hold you", both sides are very natural. Of course, this little uncle is not a little uncle, whether it is an uncle or a neighbor, anyway, he is younger than this woman, saying that this paragraph is more suitable.
Ancestral pole
On the first day of the first lunar month, the flag people are quite exquisite.
The flag bearers will offer this ancestral pole on the morning of the first day of the first lunar month. The old photos of the ancestral pole can sometimes be seen by everyone, and I found a current photo at hand and sent it to the group to see.
This is the ancestral pole, also known as the "Solo pole". After the Qing army entered the customs, almost every family had to stand poles. About this pole, there is also a Manchu folk song called "Once you enter the courtyard door, look up, what pole is behind the shadow wall?" This is the Manchurian cash cow, and magpies fly to live in the gods." The Solo pole, or ancestral pole, is very important and exquisite for the Manchus.
More than a hundred years ago, every year before the Spring Festival. If the ancestral pole of the family of one's own child is old and not very good, and the master of the house personally takes the servant to the mountain to find a tree with good wood, and the master himself has to go up to the hand, it means that he attaches special importance to this matter and respects it. Cut this pole down, get it and pull it back, fix it with stone at the bottom, and get a bucket on top, and put something in the bucket.
On the morning of the first day of the first year, first make a large pot next to the ancestral pole, with pork and yellow rice, millet and rice, and boil thick porridge. There are three stones at the bottom of the pot, and after they are cooked, they are given to the people at home to eat, and then the ancestral pole is put down, and the intestines of the pig and the pig are put into the hanging bucket, and the pig is cut into pieces and placed in the bucket, and then the pole is erected. After standing up, the altar is recited aloud, and after the recitation, the ancestral pole is prostrated. After prostrating his head, he put the altar text in the stove of boiling porridge and burned it. If someone comes during this period, whether he knows him or not, let him eat here casually. After eating, there is no need to thank or give money, but you have to kowtow to the ancestors with your family.
This custom was handed down by Nurhaci at that time. Legend has it that he fought with the Ming army and was trapped on the mountain, the Ming army set fire to the mountain, and the dog he had raised made water in the small river ditch, and wet his body around him, which made him not burned to death. The Ming army came up the mountain, and there were hundreds of crows flying up and down there. Usually people are going to die, and crows eat meat before they fly up and down, so the Ming army thinks that Nurhaci is dead and withdraws. In fact, the crow saved Nurhaci's life. When Nurhaci woke up, he understood this, so he ordered that all the flag men should not harm dogs and crows.
Inside the ancestral pole bucket, the cut water was put into the water, which was fed to crows and magpies. The Flag People believe that crows are good and have saved the lives of ancestors; magpies are also very good, birds that are very friendly with people, and the Flag People love them very much.
On the morning of the first day of the first lunar month, after the flag people in the courtyard have finished paying homage to their ancestors, they will also pay homage to their ancestors.
The main room of the flag man is the north room, which is open to several rooms, and on the westernmost room, there is an ancestral board on the west wall. This ancestral board is supreme, and ordinary people or outsiders cannot go to this west house at all; when their own family goes to the west house, women are not allowed to lie on the kang under the ancestral board. Whatever work, whatever you have to do, you take it and leave. This is a very solemn, very serious, very serious thing.
On the first day of the first lunar month, there is a hanging sign on the ancestral board, and that hanging sign is a white hanging sign. The elders of the family will lead the people in the family, and they all kneel there in unison. The elders should tell the ancestors about the major events in the family during the year, especially those who are soldiers in the family, whether there are those who have made meritorious contributions, and whether they have made any great efforts for the country. After saying that, there is a family tree like the family tree, and these events should be recorded on the family tree.
On the offering table under the ancestral board, at least one piece of honey offerings should be offered, one piece of dumplings, steamed steamed steamed buns in the home, and hard noodles should also be placed. The first day of the first lunar month of the flag people to offer ancestors is a very solemn and very serious thing, a very big thing.
Grade 2 to 15
One is to go to the god of wealth, thirty nights to receive the god of wealth, the first two to worship the god of wealth. In fact, the second year of the first year of worship to the god of wealth now looks a little funny.
In the morning of the second day of the first year, it was not dawn, and the residents of the inner city of Beijing got up early and went to the Temple of Wuxiancai outside the Zhangyi Gate in the dark. Zhangyi Gate is now The Guang'an Gate, the Five Xiancai Temple outside the Guang'an Gate, and it is necessary to strive for burning incense. Everyone is vying to burn incense, and anyway, it seems that it is better to burn incense in the morning than to burn it late, and it is better to have a year's fortune in the family.
It is not enough to worship the god of wealth at home. People with conditions will also go to the Temple of Wuxian cai outside the Guang'an Gate to "borrow treasures" for incense on the second day of the Chinese New Year. According to the "Zhuding Yuwen", the Five Xianfeng God of Wealth was the five brothers of the Surname of Nanqi Chai.
After burning incense, you have to spend money to buy its treasure. It is not a gold or silver dollar, but a paper treasure. It's just that the paper yuanbao has white and yellow, and the white one represents the silver dollar treasure, and the yellow one represents the gold yuan treasure.
Why is it a bit funny? The offerings in this Temple of Five Xiancai are actually not Zhao Gongming, nor Guan Yunchang, but the five brothers surnamed Chai. The paper treasure was bought back, wrapped in red paper, and offered under the god of wealth. After the fifth day of the first year, the yuanbao was reluctant to throw it away, and also stored the yuanbao in a box or a kang cave, indicating that there was wealth in the family this year and a good life.
At noon on the second day of the first lunar month, the average family eats wontons. Wontons are also called yuanbao soup.
There is also a custom in the second year of the old Beijing, that is, the daughter-in-law returns to her mother's home, and it is often the daughter-in-law's brother who comes to pick up. Because the Han people are all small feet, whether it is leading a donkey to pick up, or pulling a car to pick up, the uncle follows. However, when I returned to my mother's house in the second year of junior high school, I had to go back to my in-laws' house that night, not how long I wanted to stay there.
In the third year of junior high school, eat zygotes - and Kazumimi, eat stuffed zygotes. After eating the zygote, he took off the hanging signs in the courtyard and burned them. Because it itself is also dripping, the wind is not beautiful, and it is easy to cause a fire. In addition, There is also a saying in Beijing, that is, the third grade is a rat marrying a relative, so the first three families have extinguished the oil lamp earlier, and even put away the shoes, afraid that the rat will run away. The lights were turned off so as not to interfere with the beautiful thing of other people's rats marrying relatives. Some families also sprinkle some rice for the rats to eat in the Kang Cave or the corner of the house.
The fourth grade generally does not go out, but also with the toss tired, it is time to rest. There is also a saying that the king of the stove checks the household registration. It is said that it is not going out, but the nephew looks at the aunt, which is more common in the fourth year of the first year. There is a saying in old Beijing, "Uncles and uncles, generations of relatives, smash bones and tendons; these two aunts are not relatives, they are not relatives, and when they die, they break their relatives." In fact, this statement is not particularly accurate, the key is to see whether the relationship between relatives is close or not.
The first five is also called breaking the fifth. Why is it called "Breaking Five"? That is, to break the precepts of purity from the thirtieth to the first two days of the first year, and these rules will be broken. Several taboos have been lifted, and the girl can go out at will. Break five to eat lace dumplings, I also have a photo, let's see.
Lace dumplings
This dumpling is pinched, there are folds on the top, and there are folds before and after, so it is called lace dumplings. Pinching the folds of this kind of dumpling is much pinched and squeezed hard, so in the fifth day of the first year, there is a custom called "pinching the mouth of a little person", that is, to pinch the mouth of those who love to gossip, but also for the stability and unity of the family.
There is also a "catch up with the five poor" in the fifth grade, which will not be elaborated.
In the sixth year of the first year, the businesses are often opened, and the garbage in the home can also be dumped. There is also a lecture on the garbage dumping in the house, called "Throwing the Poor Ghost". Children generally eat donkeys and roll on the sixth day of the first year.
The seventh day of the first year is "people's day", generally eat noodles, for the sake of the children in the family, to make people prosperous, or to eat spring cakes, the "spring" word of this spring cake, that is, a "person" a "day" plus three horizontal, so this is the spring cake.
The eighth day of the first year is "Valley Day", eating cereals.
The ninth day of the first year is the birthday of the Jade Emperor, and he wants to drink wine to celebrate his birthday.
The tenth day of the first year is the "day of the earth", do not move the bricks and tiles casually.
Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month
Lantern Festival (Shangyuan Festival), one is to eat the Lantern Festival, one is the Lantern Festival - the Lantern Festival to see the lights, in addition to guessing riddles. Old Beijing is called "Broken Stuffy", which is to guess the riddle.
Watch the lights
In 1958, the citizens of Beijing viewed the lanterns on the fifteenth day of the first month
A hundred years ago in old Beijing, there were two customs on the fifteenth day of the first month, one person was called "walking the bridge", or "walking a hundred diseases", according to my research, it is the traditional national custom of the Manchurian flag people. Women, including girls, if they are not in good health, come out for a walk on the fifteenth night of the first month and give it away. Where to go in old Beijing? It is the Zhengyang Bridge outside the front door.
The Zhengyang Bridge, photographed in 1865, still had two railings on the bridge deck, which divided the entire bridge deck into three.
In the Zhengyang Bridge in 1919, the railing on the bridge was removed and replaced by an isolation pier, which was not three bridges.
Zhengyang Bridge is actually a bridge on the south moat outside the front gate, this moat I had when I was a child, and later changed to the Dark River is gone. More than a hundred years ago, although the bridge over the moat was a very wide bridge, it was divided into three bridges with railings. The first photo I sent was taken in 1865, and if you look closely, you can see that there are still two railings on the bridge deck, which divides the entire bridge deck into three; the second photo is in 1919, the overhaul of the Zhengyang Bridge has removed the railings on the bridge and changed them to isolation piers, which is not three bridges.
The following photo is the urn city of Zhengyang Gate, which is the city tower instead of the arrow tower, but the city tower standing on the wall of the arrow tower, shooting from south to north to the front gate.
In August and September 1900, the Arrow Tower was burned by the Boxers, and the old Deji Pharmacy was burned, but the city tower at the front gate had not yet been burned by the Indian army hired by the British, and the city tower could still be seen. Through this photograph, it can be seen that the urn at the front gate has a gate tower in the east and west, and a gate in each side. Now we see the front gate, the city tower has a door and a gate, the arrow tower has a door, the nine city gates in the inner city of Beijing, it is the only one.
This only gate is for the emperor to go through the overpass to the Temple of Heaven on the winter solstice, or to go to the first agricultural altar in the spring and plow the land to cultivate the land. This door of the Front Gate Arrow Tower is usually closed.
Old Beijing has a smooth mouth call, "three bridges, four doors and five arches". The bridge is three bridges, and the gate is four gates - the city tower has a gate, the arrow tower has a gate, and there is a gate in the east and west of Wengcheng, which is the "three bridges, four doors and five arches". The Five Arches Building is now restored, which is the six-pillared and five-room soaring archway outside the front door. This "three bridges, four doors, and five arches" is different from the eight gates in the inner city.
"Walking the bridge" is a female comrade, especially those who are not in good health, accompanied by their families at night, walking back and forth on the Zhengyang Bridge, which is called "walking a hundred diseases". At the same time, there is also a custom, that is, "touching the nail", that is, touching the door nail on the door inside the front door arrow tower.
The door nails on the door are all copper-clad, the "nail" of this door nail and the "Ding" of the male Ding are harmonious, for female comrades who are married and have no children, on the night of the fifteenth day of the first month, accompanied by their families to the city gate to touch the door nails, especially the door nails of the Zhengyang Gate. Because the door of the Zhengyang Gate is walked by the Son of Heaven, it is necessary to touch the door nail of that door, indicating that the family will be prosperous in the coming year, and the female comrades will be able to have children.
On the sixteenth day of the first month, there is also a custom called "putting on the lamp". On the fifteenth day of the first month, there are lights in every house, especially children playing with lanterns. Wait until the sixteenth day of the first month, light a collision with each other and burn it, so that the entertainment during the Spring Festival period is over, and avoid taking the land or lighting it when it will catch fire again, and destroy it. There is something to talk about next year, this is the sixteenth day of the first month, there is such a "bumping lamp".
Source: Old Jingtu Said Author: Zhao Zhenhua (a barge gun)
Process Editor: Hong YuanYuan